Implementation of EU Directives concerning Energy Efficiency & the utilisation of RES in Spain, focusing on the PV Energy experience

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General Enlargement Directorate D.5 Co-ordination of Financial Instruments Institution Building Unit (TAIEX) Implementation of EU Directives concerning Energy Efficiency & the utilisation of RES in Spain, focusing on the PV Energy experience Sliac, SLOVAKIA. 24th - 25th April 2006

2 2 Summary Robotiker s Brief Description. Overview on the EU Energy-related Directives. Spanish legislation: Renewable Energy Plan. Action Plan for the Energy Saving and Efficiency. Spanish Technical Building Code. Incorporation of Photovoltaic Solar Energy. European initiatives: PURE project. Conclusions.

3 3 Robotiker s Brief Description ROBOTIKER is a private non-profit making Foundation whose purpose is to contribute actively to Sustainable Development in Society through Technological Innovation and Improvement. Some figures: Located in Bilbao (Headquarters), Madrid and Santiago de Chile. Foundation members: 26 Companies, Employees 600 M, 4.2% in R+D, 50% Export. Since 1985, 260 Customers and 60 European Projects Staff: 160 Employees and 10 graduate trainees Quality: ISO 9001 and EFQM-400 Integrated in TECNALIA Technology Corporation

4 4 Business Unit Robotiker s Brief Description Sector Technology Energy Electronics Telecommunications Automotive Software & Industry Administration Telecommunications Mechanical Design & Engineering Information Technologies Consultancy & Innovation Management

5 5 Robotiker s Brief Description ROBOTIKER Energy: Some figures Intensive growth of the activity for the energy sector (tripled in 4 years) Turnover 2004: 3 millions Euro 35% of the overall activity of ROBOTIKER 36 people ROBOTIKER Energy: Current Projects 4 European projects (Wind, Photovoltaic, Microgrids, Power Electronics) 3 In-house Research Projects (Renewable Energies) 6 Co-operative Projects ~20 New contracts per year (Electronics product development) Solarview (in-house product) k ROBOTIKER Energy : Business Evolution Wind Photovoltaic Electric Sector Others 10 % 35% ENERGY ROBOTIKER This intensive growth is due to increased activity in the field of Renewable Energies

6 6 Overview on the EU directives White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan. Energy for the future: Renewable Sources of Energy. Long term objective of 12% for the contribution of RES by Green Paper: Towards a European Strategy for the security of energy supply. Target to double renewable energies from 6% in 1996 to 12% in Directive 2001/77/EC on the Promotion of electricity produced from RES in the internal electricity market. Objective to increase the share of green electricity from 14% to 22% (EU15) and 21% (EU25). Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Performance of Buildings. Objective to reduce the energy consumption in households, increasing the efficiency of systems and promoting the use of solar energy resources.

7 7 Spanish legislation IDAE: Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving Public organisation reporting to the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce through the General Secretariat for Energy. Objectives: Promote energy efficiency and rational use of energy in Spain Support the diversification of sources of supply Promote the use of RES, with the aim of developing an energy model based on security, quality and sustainability.

8 8 Spanish legislation Renewable Energy Plan Action Plan for the Energy Saving and Efficiency Strategy for Spain Technical Building Code Thermal Installations in Buildings Basic Document on Energy Saving HE1: Limiting the energy demand HE2: Increase the efficiency of Thermal systems HE3: Increase the efficiency of Lighting systems HE4: Incorporate Thermal Solar Energy HE5: Incorporate Photovoltaic Solar Energy Energy Certification of Buildings RD 436/2004 on the methodology for the electric energy production legislation

9 9 Spanish legislation Renewable Energy Plan Represents a revision of the Spanish Promotion Plan for Renewable Energy. The aim is to maintain the commitment to meet at least 12% of total energy use from RES by 2010 (EU White Paper) and To incorporate other targets: 29.4% of electricity produced from RES (Directive 2001/77/EC) and 5.75% of transport fuel needs to be met from biofuels by Several scenarios have been considered: current, probable, optimistic, trend scenario, efficiency scenario. Energy targets of the plan for wind power, hydroelectric power, solar thermal and solar photovoltaic power, biomass, biofuel and biogas.

10 10 Spanish legislation Action Plan for the Energy Saving and Efficiency Strategy for Spain It purposes for each of the main sectors: manufacturing industry, transport sector, building industry, public service, household, agriculture and fishing, energy transformation a series of measures. The current situation is right for a strategy to improve energy efficiency in Spain. Targets Specifying the measures and instruments needed to launch the strategy in each sector. Defining specific lines of responsibility and cooperation between the bodies involved: national and regional governments, local bodies. Planning the implementation of measures, identifying the means of financing them. Evaluating the associated energy savings, cost and CO 2 emissions avoided if Action Plan is carried out successfully.

11 11 Building industry Spanish legislation The regulatory measures applicable to the building industry follows the Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy Performance of Buildings, by means of Approval of the new Technical Building Code. Action Plan for the Energy Saving and Efficiency Strategy for Spain Approval of the new regulations on Thermal Installations in Buildings. Approval of the procedure for the Energy Certification of Buildings.

12 12 Technical Building Code Technical Building Code The TBC is the regulatory framework establishing the requirements with which buildings must comply in terms of basic safety and habitability. Application on Photovoltaics HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power Basic Document on Energy Saving HE1: Limiting the energy demand HE2: Increase the efficiency of Thermal systems HE3: Increase the efficiency of Lighting systems HE4: Incorporate Thermal Solar Energy HE5: Incorporate Photovoltaic Solar Energy 1. Generalities 2. Quantification of PV necessities 3. Design and dimensioning 4. Maintenance

13 13 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution 1. Generalities Buildings that accomplishes with the following table will incorporate PV systems Type of use Supermarkets Malls Industrial/Commercial warehouses Offices Hotels Hospitals and clinics Exhibition centres Limit of application m 2 built m 2 built m 2 built m 2 built 100 beds 100 beds m 2 built Exceptions: Minimum electric power can be reduced if Other RES contribute to that minimum electric power. If architectonical barriers cannot be avoided. If local urban regulation are against those measures.

14 14 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 1. Generalities sequence of verification Calculate the PV power to be installed depending on the climatic area Check if losses are greater than established limits Accomplish with design conditions Accomplish with maintenance conditions

15 15 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 2. Necessities Determination of power to be installed P = C A S + B P: peak power (kwp) A and B coefficients depending on the use of building C: depends on the climatic area S: is the built surface in m 2 ( ) Any case: Minimum peak power to be installed: 6,25 kwp and 5 kw PV inverter.

16 16 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 2. Necessities Three cases of PV installation: 1. General installation 2. Architectonic Superposition. PV elements are placed in parallel with the building envelope 3. Architectonic Integration. The PV elements substitute conventional constructive elements Optimal orientation: South Optimal inclination angle: Latitude 10º Losses are limited: Case Orientation and inclination Shadows Total losses General 10% 10% 15% Superposition 20% 15% 30% Integration 40% 20% 50%

17 17 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 3. Design and dimensioning Calculation of inclination and orientation losses Inclination angle (β) Azimuth angle (α) Latitude (φ). Losses are calculated from graphics or formula. Losses (%) = 100 [1, (β- φ +10) 2 + 3, α 2 ] para 15º<β<90º Losses (%) = 100 [1, (β- φ +10) 2 ] para β=<15º Case Orientation and inclination Shadows Total losses General 10% 10% 15% Superposition 20% 15% 30% Integration 40% 20% 50%

18 18 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 3. Design and dimensioning Calculation of losses due to shadows Comparison of the obstacles near the building and the movement of the Sun Case Orientation and inclination Shadows Total losses General 10% 10% 15% Superposition 20% 15% 30% Integration 40% 20% 50%

19 19 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 4. Maintenance To integrate all the operations needed during the whole life of PV installation: To assure the performance To increase reliability To increase PV installation lifetime Two levels of action: Predictive maintenance planning Surveillance planning

20 20 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power 4. Maintenance Surveillance plan: Objective: to verify that the PV plant works suitably. Realisation of actions in order to assure that performance parameters are correct. Simple plan to measure the main functional parameters: energy, current and voltages, etc. Predictive maintenance plan: Objective: to maintain the working conditions, protections and durability of PV installations. Maintenance should be carried out by specialised technical personnel There will be a Maintenance book, with the complete maintenance operations and substitutions of materials.

21 21 Technical Building Code HE5: Minimum PV contribution to electric power The Technical Building Code has come into force in March The PV production due to the Technical Building Code, by the end of 2010: 100 MWp

22 22 EIE-PURE Project European Experience: ALTENER EIE - Intelligent Energy Europe Programme PURE: Promoting the Use of PV Systems in the Urban Environment through Demo Relay Nodes Partners from Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Germany and Slovakia (SEA). Objective: Development of 2002/91/EC Directive on Energy performance on Buildings. Overcome the following challenges: Lack of basic information concerning technical and economic aspects of solutions. Lack of awareness about the importance on integrating RES into the buildings. Delay of implementation in EU countries. Supported by

23 23 EIE-PURE Project Means: Photovoltaic Demo Relay Node Facility of m 2 housing several promotional actions. Activities: Permanent exhibition. Stable contact point. Periodical events: conferences to professionals and decision-makers, seminars on demand. Satellite actions: extend the dissemination area to other regions. Preliminary Draft of PVDRN distribution Supported by

24 24 EIE-PURE Project Beneficiaries: Agents responsible for managing the change concerning the introduction of PV in the urban area. Local authorities & Public bodies. Architects associations. Building industry professionals. End-users: resident associations, building owners, last courses students, etc. Stands for permanent exhibition Supported by

25 25 Spanish legislation concerning RES and Efficiency Conclusions Renewable Energy Plan Action Plan for the Energy Saving and Efficiency Strategy. Thermal installations in Buildings Energy Certification of Buildings Technical Building Code HE1: Limiting the energy demand HE2: Increase the efficiency of Thermal systems HE3: Increase the efficiency of Lighting systems HE4: Incorporate Thermal Solar Energy HE5: Incorporate Photovoltaic Solar Energy

26 26 Conclusions about PV Final remarks The cleaner energy is the one which is no used. First, to save energy, after that to produce clean energy. Photovoltaic production is clean energy. A photovoltaic system encourages to save energy. Solar Photovoltaic energy offers the opportunity of using a Renewable Energy Source in the urban environment, with a reasonable cost. We have to take advantage of new building PV elements, suitable for architectonic integration.

27 Thank you for your attention Further information: