Cooperation roads for Sardinia Sustainable islands. Athens 9 September 2006

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1 Cooperation roads for Sardinia Sustainable islands

2 Asinara Arcipelago La Maddalena S. Pietro S. Antioco

3 Smaller Islands: Asinara 51 km inhabitants National natural park La Maddalena 40 km inhabitants National natural park 7 islands archipelago San Pietro 50 km inhabitants On going procedures for environment Sant Antioco 110 km inhabitants certification The whole, together Sardinia main Island, for the geographical position, the quality of climate and sea water, the proximity to Europe and Mediterranean area, becomes each years more of tourist interest. That is also a problem for sustainability aspects and the protection of the principal richness which is the environment.

4 Actually there is a strong debate in Sardinia how to face the question: How to protect the coasts; each year more and more of building contractors interest; How to manage the water supply and wastes; How to face energy security supply and renewable energy sources development, in which sector Sardinia is in late in comparison of the most European regions.

5 Coasts protection Sardinia government adopted: fifteen years ago, a regional planning legislation oriented to the environment protection and limit new buildings. It contains guide lines to be respected from regional communities; in 2005, a strong decision forbidding every new construction within 2 km from the coasts. Of course it includes the whole territory of the smaller island which are called to promote restructuring plans of building patrimony. Decision divided the population fifty/fifty, but more the time is going on, more the interest toward the measure is increasing also at national level. After one year, debate is still strong and open and anyway the decision is already operative. Water and wastes management in 2004: establishment of an only management authority for water supply at regional level, including smaller islands. At the moment the lack of water is not forthcoming and we do not have desalination plants, but it is necessity to think about them for the future. At same time there is the idea to create an only management authority for wastes.

6 Regional Context Sardinia island is region with a special autonomy in the national system, close to Corsica French island, between Italian peninsula and Spain. Island main data km inhabitants 376 Towns 335 with less than inhabitants which, for their dimension and for their distribution in the territory, highlight the historical and cultural basic structure of population of the island. It preserve an environmental patrimony in the internal and seaboards areas of very high quality. Medium income inhab/ year, but lucky for the good climate and a rather good quality of life.

7 Not so lucky about energy autonomy, and that can be a problem for the future. Nationals and trans-national gas and electric grids connection: the island is not connected. Energy dependence -OIL 94% from abroad -RES 2% local -Solid fuel 4% local Actual Power Installed 3500 MW Urgent a new approach in the energy management system, a special opportunity for the island to improve A direct role (not only external enterprise) Direction of technology Local resource development Energy Security supply Lower Costs of local productions

8 A new role is necessary for the island in the framework of the actual transformations in the sector: energy sources diversifications market liberalisation energy saving energy efficiency renewable energies applications development. This is in fact the new phase Sardinia island is beginning to look for.

9 Renewable energies in Sardinia Wind Energy on-shore Wind energy development in Sardinia is very recent, as well as the others sources of renewable energy, except for hydroelectric. Sardinia can be considered a favoured isle for wind energy development and has big potentialities. Actually wind plants working are: Wind parks n 15 Installed power MW 272 Electric energy produced (average per year) MW/h with an installed power for single plant which varies from 0,75 MW to 1,5 MW. For the next future and for the perspective the interest of the industry is very high, and that is confirmed from installation requests arrived at the Sardinia Regional office.

10 Wind parks requests arrived MW In fact in next five years will be concretely possible to realise about 500 MW, considering the necessity to realise the environmental evaluation and the industrial plans. This data shows the industrial importance and the economic value of business and investments in the sector. It can be realistic foresee a total of Mw in 2012 and that can be considered a successful case for our island Actual Potentiality Next five years

11 Solar Energy Thermal Solar Energy In the case of Sardinia, which is a Mediterranean country predestined for the use of solar energy, the number of solar water heating systems collectors is lower than the European average. The use of solar collectors increases very slowly. The total amount of solar collectors installed is: m2 and corresponds to 9 m2 per inhabitants Compared to average figures in the Mediterranean countries and considering the favourable climatic conditions of the islands it demonstrates that the poor market development of solar collectors in Sardinia needs a strong campaign for promotion and diffusion. A promotional campaign was launched last year, targeted to local communities and authorities. A new campaign is ongoing addressed to the camping sites.

12 The aim is to install solar collectors up to 20 m2 / inhabitants (in 2010). This effort permits Sardinia region to reduce the big difference with European and Mediterranean regions. In that new situation an amount of 20,6 GW/h solar energy can be earned and an equivalent electricity production from fossil fuels of 52,8 GW/h, actually used from warm water preparation, can be saved Actual Potentiality Next five years 0

13 Photovoltaic Solar Energy PV plants installed in Sardinia are very few even though the enormous potentiality of the island. Solar radiation value is average from kw/h/m2 to Kw/h/m2 per year. PV power installed kw These few plants are prevalently installed in the little island of S.Pietro - Carloforte, south-west of Sardinia,600 kw and the other 400 kw are related to plants installed in the north of the main island.

14 Projects foreseen: 1000 kw planned. in the south of Sardinia. Private PV plant grid connected using national financial support, average. 0,34 kw/h x 20years. Project idea of realisation, with public support and in the long term, of PV plants to supply rural farms which can not be connected to the electric grid for economic reasons: 3000 rural farms not grid connected 4 kw average power each = 12 MW/PV MW Actual Potentiality Next five years

15 Biomass Biomass utilisation for energetic purposes in Sardinia consist essentially of wood and forestall remaining, a little percentage (2%) coming from abroad. Actual consumes are evaluated to be 102 kton/year for 39 ktep/year. Potential related wood management and existing forests, without considering the possibilities offered by development of energetic cultivation, it is evaluated on existing data, about 668 kton/year for 225,41 ktep/year.

16 The integrate system for energy production from biomass will foresee, besides wood and forestall remaining, the utilisation of residuals and sub-products coming from agricultural, industrial and commercial activities, in co-firing plants with other sources and MSW as well. Actually the biomass fraction realistically utilisable for that purpose, constituted just from cereal straw and maize pole, can be estimated about 35 ktep/year, 91 kton/year of dry material. At this quantity can corresponds the installation of 13,75 MWe with different plant engineering solution (co-generation, co-firing, etc.) ktep Actual Potentiality Next five years

17 Other RE Sources: Hydro Actually the power installed is 450 MW and there is an electric energy production which is in fact 460 GW/h per year average. Considering that some plants will be closed and the water of some storage will be destined for other services, the effective new power installed can be 30 Mw in next years, with a corresponding new additional production of electric energy of about 78,8 GW/h/year (6,8 ktep/year) and a net primary energy saving of 17,3 ktep/year MW Actual Next five years

18 Municipal Solid Wastes to Energy Actually exist and are operating two plants utilising municipal solid waste to produce electric energy. WTE to Energy Plants (operating) Operating Plants Potentiality of the plant Pre treated MSW to combustion Electric energy to national grid Power installed Mis Ton/y Ton/y MW/h/y MW Tecnocasic (Cagliari) Tossilo Tecnoservice (Macomer)

19 WTE to Energy Plants (next future) Operating Plants Mis Tecnocasic (Cagliari) Tossilo Tecnoservice (Macomer) *Sotacarbo (South Sardinia) Potentiality of the plant Ton/y Pre treated MSW to combustion Ton/y New power installed MW Sotacarbo plant will use co-combustion technology, waste - coal, in an atmospheric internal fluidised bed. The regional waste management plan foresee the utilisation of Municipal Solid waste with energetic purposes in additional plants for new 50 MW installed in next five years. MW Actual Potentiality Next five years

20 Sardinia sustainable islands Renewable energy and energy management: half success - Very slow development but continuous; - Assured development in perspective not only for wind but also for solar energy where there is the most to do. Mobility (transport) management and regional development through qualitative and innovative approach: half success - The road is clear and traced out, the programmes and preliminary projects for the islands realised, but slowness in translate them in structures and effective realizations; - Necessity to link sustainable policy and programmes to the citizen awareness and participation.

21 Smaller Islands projects Asinara : National park 51 km 2 - Programmes and preliminary projects prepared: inhabitant inhab. in summer m 3 available public building (ex national prison) Restructure and utilization for tourist and services of the whole building of the island; 100% renewable energy supply (actual need 223 tep) - 43% from solar thermal (the waters heating) - 7% from solar PU (111kwp) - 50% from wind (0.7 Mw ) Project to be realized.

22 Smaller Islands projects La Maddalena archipelago: 7 island 4 not connected to the grid National park 40 km inhabitant inhab. in summer - Programmes and preliminary projects prepared: Sustainable mobility project - Measures foresee: - Access restriction and regulation - Public transport improvement - New form of vehicle uses - Electric vehicles and PV supply structures - Transport management organization 100% renewable energy supply in the island not grid connected - 43 % from solar thermal (hot water heating) - 14% from solar PV (112 kwp) - 43% from mini wind (10x 22 kw) Consortium for technologic services management of La Maddalena archipelago (water energy - wastes) Projects to be realized

23 Smaller islands projects San Pietro Island Programmes and preliminary projects prepared: 50 km inhabitants inhab in summer 600 kw PV plant realised kw wind plant (2x750kw) realised Environmental certification for the island on going procedure Sant Antioco Island Programmes and preliminary projects prepared: 110 km inhabitants inhab in summer Environmental certification for the island on going procedure

24 Common strategy In real terms actually: do not make part of a common strategy. - smaller islands projects - sustainable communities projects We verified collaboration between Asinara and La Maddalena Islands when preparing the 100% RES supply projects. On one site: On the other site: Number and quality of existing projects. Technology and scientific support availability. favourable balance between economic/environmental growth and projects engagement. Weakness of the whole project. Difficulty to realize the right dimension of project organizations. Difficulty to have critic mass and give priority to the projects on public opinion, politicians and investors opinion.

25 Step forward To promote collaboration between islands. To turn programmes in executive projects aim is to realize a network of sustainable islands of Sardinia (example DAFNE) through formal islands agreement including: Concrete targets commitment; Introduction external certification concept; Competition and regional/international award; Comparison and participation at an international network of sustainable islands. A project which foresee a strategic alliance between the smaller islands at regional and international level, to extend best practice and also to have the right attention and resources, is a project at which we would like to participate with the contribute of our regional islands.

26 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Antonio G. Rassu