CIEMAT Research Centre on Energy, Environment and Technology

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CIEMAT Research Centre on Energy, Environment and Technology http://www.ciemat.es/portal.

degree) - Locations: Madrid (headquarters), Almería (PSA), Soria (CEDER, CIEDA), Trujillo (CETA), Barcelona (CISOT) - Four

1 CIEMAT Research Centre on Energy, Environment and Technology - Governmental institution depending on the Ministry of Economy and Competitivenes employees (55% Universitary degree) - Locations: Madrid (headquarters), Almería (PSA), Soria (CEDER, CIEDA), Trujillo (CETA), Barcelona (CISOT) - Four Research Departments (Energy, Technology, Environment and Basic Research) and a national laboratory for Fussion Energy Research. - Annual budget: 100 M CIEMAT-MADRID

CIEMAT ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SCOPE OF FCH JU HYDROGEN PRODUCTION Hydrogen from solar energy Hydrogen from wind energy Hydrogen from photovoltaic energy Thermochemical cycles and energy storage

2 CIEMAT ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SCOPE OF FCH JU HYDROGEN PRODUCTION Hydrogen from solar energy Hydrogen from wind energy Hydrogen from photovoltaic energy Thermochemical cycles and energy storage Coal/biomass/wastes Gasification and systems integration FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGIES Fuel Cell technology and integrated systems CROSS-CUTTING ACTIVITIES Energy systems analysis: Life cycle Assesment Energy models

Hydrogen production form solar energy: Development of high-flux/high-efficiency solar concentrators, development of components and testing for solar receivers and reactors, evaluation and performance

3 Hydrogen production form solar energy: Development of high-flux/high-efficiency solar concentrators, development of components and testing for solar receivers and reactors, evaluation and performance analysis of solar reactors and systems, instrumentation and characterization of highflux/high-temperature experiments. Facilities: Especially suitable facilities for scaling-up solar hydrogen tests: - CESA-1 and SSPS-CRS central receiver systems with large heliostat fields, 7 and 2.7-MWt respectively. - A 60-kWt solar furnace with horizontal axis. - A 15 kwt solar furnace with vertical axis. Projects: SYNPET: Solar thermochemical application for -free production of syngas from heavy crude oil. Funding: Collaborative Project (70% private funding). January March HYDROSOL 3D: Scale Up of Thermochemical HYDROgen Production in a SOLar Monolithic Reactor: a 3rd Generation Design Study. Funding: FCH-JU January 2010 December HYDROSOL-Plant: Thermochemical HYDROgen production in a SOLar monolithic reactor: construction and operation of a 750 KW PLANT Funding: FCH-JU Call: SP1-JTI-FCH January 2014 December 2016.

HYDROSOL-Plant Thermochemical HYDROgen production in a SOLar monolithic reactor: construction and operation of a 750 kw PLANT Funding : SP1-JTI-FCH.20

(DLR) Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) HyGear B.V.

4 HYDROSOL-Plant Thermochemical HYDROgen production in a SOLar monolithic reactor: construction and operation of a 750 kw PLANT Funding : SP1-JTI-FCH Period: January December 2016 Participant Organization Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory (APTL) Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luftund Raumfahrt e.v. (DLR) Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) HyGear B.V. (HYG) NL HELPE RES Country Greece Germany Spain The Netherlands Greece Project objective: The principal objective of HYDROSOL-Plant is the construction of a plant for solar thermo-chemical hydrogen production from water in a 750 kw scale on a solar tower. Previous projects: Scale Up of Thermochemical HYDROgen Production in a SOLar Monolithic Reactor: a 3rd Generation Design Study (HYDROSOL 3D). Funding: FCH-JU Solar Hydrogen via Water Splitting in Advanced Monolithic Reactors for Future Solar Power Plants (HYDROSOL II). ENK6-CT

5 Hydrogen production by thermochemical cycles and hydrogen storage materials: Broad experience in the hydrogen production by thermochemical cycles using doped ferrites, applied to solar concentration devices and in the hydrogen storage using graphene and graphene-related (graphene oxide, metal-doped graphene) materials. The results of such projects have been transferred to the utilities for industrial applications. National and regional projects: PHISICO2: Clean Hydrogen production: CO2-emission-free alternatives (Jan 2006-Dec 2011), SOLGEMAC: R+D program (Jan Dec 2013) to develop new systems of thermal and chemical utilization of concentrated solar energy in a more efficient, dispatchable and modular way. -GC GRAFAGEN Graphene for energy production and storage. National Research Program 2013 Trampa de zeolitas Condensador horno + reactor lecho fijo By-pass reactor By-pass seco-húmedo Saturador Baño termostatizado: controlar la T de generación del vapor de Laboratory for ferrites evaluation P FC Ar

Hydrogen production from coal/biomass/waste gasification processes and integrated systems http://rdgroups.

es/web/valer Activities: - Syngas upgrading and H 2 production from coal, biomass and waste gasification

- Catalysts development and process design for H2 production from bioethanol steam reforming, reforming of

- Development of electropromoted processes and solid electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMRs) for H2 production

6 Hydrogen production from coal/biomass/waste gasification processes and integrated systems Activities: - Syngas upgrading and H 2 production from coal, biomass and waste gasification processes at laboratory and bench scale. - Catalysts development and process design for H2 production from bioethanol steam reforming, reforming of methane, tars, and CH 4 in biomass and waste gasification processes. - Development of electropromoted processes and solid electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMRs) for H2 production and CO2 valorization to fuels Single chamber Electrochemically enhanced H 2 production - Development of novel selective membranes for syngas upgrading and H 2 production. Pd based ternary and quaternary alloys Methallic and ceramic supports Dip-coating and electroless plating deposition techniques Double chamber SEMRs for H 2 production & separation.

Hydrogen production from coal/biomass/waste gasification processes and integrated systems http://rdgroups.ciemat.

- Catalyst + membrane + sorbents to enhance shift conversion, and separation of hydrogen & carbon dioxide -WGS Membrane Reactor, Sorption-enhanced WGS, Sorption-enhanced WGS Membrane Reactor - H 2

7 Hydrogen production from coal/biomass/waste gasification processes and integrated systems System integration: - Catalytic membrane reactors for H 2 production via WGS and hybrid systems for H 2 production with capture at high temperatures. - Catalyst + membrane + sorbents to enhance shift conversion, and separation of hydrogen & carbon dioxide -WGS Membrane Reactor, Sorption-enhanced WGS, Sorption-enhanced WGS Membrane Reactor - H 2 enrichment and CO2 valorization to fuels using hybrid membrane reactors Projects: CO,,N 2 N 2 N 2 H 2 H 2 N2 CO 2 CO2 H 2 H 2 CO N 2 2 H 2 H H 2 O 2 CO CO2 2 N CO CO H 2 N 2 2 CO CO N 2 N 2 CO N H 2 2 O, H 2 Captura de CO2 N, N 2 N 2 2 N 2 N 2 N 2 Regeneración del adsorbente Dense membrane H 2 H 2 CO,,, H 2 Testing of semi comercial Pd based membranes H 2 CH 3 OH, CH 4, C 2 H 6 O,.. CO2 conversion to fuels aided by sorption enhanced process Catalytic hidrogenation of CO2 National projects: CATARSYS MICINN, ENE , ; INNPACTO BIOH2 MINECO, IPT , ; CAPHIGAS: MICINN, ENE , ; PROMOCAP, MICINN, ENE , ; PSE- H2RENOV PSS , ; SOSTAQUA: Hydrogen production by reforming of biogas, CYCIT, CENIT International Projects: CHRISGAS, FLEXGAS, FECUNDUS, H2OME, GREENCELL FECUNDUS: RFCS, RFCR-CT , ; H2OME FP7-SME , GREENCELL : Design, construction and evaluation of a bioethanol prototype processor powering a 10 kw PEMFC Water selective adsorbent

8 Fuel Cell technology and integrated systems Low Temperature Fuel Cells SOFC Fuel Cells Fundamental electrochemistry. Electrocatalysis Development of components - Synthesis and characterization - Catalytic and transport properties - Electrochemical characterization Electrodes: fabrication Testing single cells and stacks Tests in single cell - Preparation of single cell by tape-casting and screenprinting - Evaluation with different fuel compositions (H 2, CH 4, simulated biogas, NH 3, H 2 S) Prototypes and applications Porous electrolyte Dense electrolyte -

9 Fuel Cell technology and integrated systems Systems Integration - Components and stacks: design and development - Design and construction of fuel cells test stands for PEMFC and SOFC - Fuel cells testing - Integration of systems for energy generation; energy management optimization - Hydrogen generation and fuel processing - Control and data acquisition for hybrid systems

10 Energy System Analysis Unit (ASE) The aim of the research unit Energy System Analysis (ASE) of CIEMAT is to provide economic assessment of the costs and benefits associated with the production and consumption of energy produced by different fuel cycles, and to study possible strategies for promoting the introduction of cleaner energies into the market through their environmental and socio-economical implications. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in order to assess the environmental sustainability of the different energy technologies. This analytic tool systematically describes and assesses all flows that enter into the studied systems from nature and all those flows that go out from the systems to nature, all over the life cycle. Quantification of environmental externalities using the ExternE methodology Analysis of the potential impact that any energy project may have in terms of stimulating local economy as well as creating new employment opportunities. Input-Output methodology is the methodology used by ASE to estimate the associated total impact (direct and indirect effects) on the economy as well as in job creation. Energy models to contribute to define the medium and long term energy system composition under different policy and climate scenarios taking into account future technology developments and costs. These tools are used by ASE in energy system prospective assessments at the national and global scale.

11 N.ERGHY Members Expertise The Name of the Organization Areas of Expertise Transport Pillar CIEMAT 1.8 On-board Hydrogen Storage 1.9 Demonstration 1.1 Road Vehicles Applications Integration of a PEMFC into a scooter and a wheelchair 1.10 Modelling 1.2 Non-road Vehicles (including materials handling) Applications Portable applications 1.11 Characterisation and Testing 1.3 Auxiliary Power Units (APU) 1.4 Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure (HRS) 1.12 Materials Synthesis, Design and Manufacturing from Components to Systems Energy Pillar / Energy to Hydrogen 1.5 Stack Components 2.1 Hydrogen Production H2 from renewable sources (biomass, solar, wind, ) with alcaline and PEM electrolysers 1.6 System (BoP) Components 2.2 Hydrogen Storage Graphene based systems 1.7 System Integration 2.3 Hydrogen Handling and Distribution

12 2.4 Smart Buildings and Communities 2.5 Smart Cities Energy Pillar / Fuel Cells to Energy 3.1 Combined Hit and Power Units (CHP) 3.2 Power Generation 2.6 Smart Grids Integration of FCs into a minigrid with renewables and hydrogen generation and storage 3.3 Back-Up Power Systems Integration of a fuel processor (Reforming, WGS and CO oxidatyion) with a fuel cell for power generation 2.7 Stack Components Integration of a PEMFC into an UPS Membranes for H2 separation, Design of solar reactors. 3.4 Residential 2.8 Stack Integration and BOP Development of Balance of Plant components and sub-components, equipment sizing and selection 3.5 Commercial 2.9 Demonstration Suitable test-bed for solar thermochemical hydrogen processes up to 1 MW 3.6 Industrial 2.10 Modelling Technoeconomic modelling of energy systems using partial equilibrium optimization models of the TIMES family; CFD codes for thermal studies in solar technologies 3.7 Control, Diagnostics and Prognostics 2.11 Characterization and Testing Testing of new synthesized materials. Three test stations available for characterizing fuel cells up to 5 kw of power and the influence of various impurities in the gas powered 3.8 Innovation on Fuel Cells and Components 2.12 Design and Manufacturing

13 3.9 Manufacturing Technologies 4.7 Pre-Normative Research 3.10 Modelling 3.11 Characterization and Testing Technoeconomic modelling of energy systems using partial equilibrium optimization models of the TIMES family 4.8 Regulations, Codes and Standards (RCS) Cross-Cutting Research Activities 4.1 Education 4.2 Recycling 4.9 Techno-, Socio- and Economic Analysis 4.10 Support (to Public Authorities, Policy Officers and Society Analysis of environmental and socioeconomic impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Input-Output Analysis 4.3 Safety 4.4 Communication and Public Awareness 4.5 E-Science and E- Educations 4.6 Market and Technology Monitoring

Solar Hydrogen from Thermochemical Water-Splitting: The HYDROSOL process and beyond

HYDROSOL-II Solar Hydrogen from Thermochemical Water-Splitting: The HYDROSOL process and beyond Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos Coordinator Aerosol and Particle Technology Laboratory (APTL) CPERI/CERTH,