Attività ENEA nel campo della produzione di idrogeno (2)

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1 Le Celle a Combustibile e l Idrogeno in Italia Stato dell Arte e Sviluppi Futuri Attività ENEA nel campo della produzione di idrogeno (2) Alberto Giaconia A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

2 Thermochemical hydrogen production processes at ENEA R&D projects on Hydrogen production from new and renewable energy sources steam reforming assisted by solar energy (CoMETHy & METISOL projects ) water-splitting by thermochemical cycles powered by solar energy (TEPSI & HycycleS projects) anaerobic digestion of food and zoo-technical wastes biomass gasification

3 Hydrogen production processes roadmap The pathway to hydrogen generation entirely from renewable energy and material sources probably goes by a transitional period with the utilization of hybrid fossil/renewable integrated systems Transition HT processes Lab scale experiments Pilot plants Scale 0,1 to 1 of the final industrial technology Prototype of Transition Solar Process Low CO2 emission Process Nominal Free CO 2 HT processes Theorical eval. Flowsheet Data acquis. Lab scale experiments Pilot plants Scale 0,1 to 1 of the final industrial technology Proto. Alternative Free CO 2 HT processes Theorical evaluation Flowsheet & efficiency Basic Data acquisition Lab scale experiments Pilot Figure adapted from: Innohyp CA project (EC 6 th FP) final report

4 Thermochemical processes powered by C-free sources CSP plant MS at T min = C Biomass / RDF combustor MS-HTR & storage process heat MS at 550 C Heat recovery units New sustainable ways for green-h 2 production (regardless its final use) examples coal or petcoke hydrogasification CH 4 dry reformnig CH 4 cracking steam reforming of hydrocarbons thermochemical water-splitting cycles feedstock products: H 2 Thermochemical process Possible integration with higher T (> 550 C) heat sources with direct heat supply (e.g. in TC cycles or coal gasification) 4

5 CoMETHy project CoMETHy: Compact Multifuel-Energy To Hydrogen converter Call: FP7-SP1-JTI-FCH : Development of fuel processing catalyst, modules and systems (Application Area: Hydrogen production & distribution) Duration (3 years): December 2011 November 2014 Budget: ca. 5 M (FCH JU contribution: ca. 2,5 M ) 12 partners from Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, Israel General objective CoMETHy aims at developing an innovative compact and modular steam reformer to convert reformable fuels (methane, ethanol, etc.) to pure hydrogen, adaptable to several heat sources (solar, biomass, fossil, etc.), depending on the locally available energy mix. A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

6 CoMETHy project: proposed technology Biomass/RDF combustor flue gas air CSP plant MS-HTR & storage off-gas combustor off-gas molten salts (< 550 C) from different heat source options is the process heat transfer fluid MS at T min = C MS at 550 C CH 4 * Pr-Htr Steam-Gn SMR + WGS H 2 O Heat recovery H 2 Membrane H 2 O GL-Sep CO x Removal low-temperature steam reformer hydrogen separated by selective membranes CO 2 A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

7 Low-temperature SMR powered by C-free sources Conventional vs. Solar SMR Route: H 2 O CO C NG CH 4 Biogas Sulfur removal SMR ( C) WGS ( C) CH 4 CO/CO 2 /CH 4 /... H 2 O, CO 2 removal CO 2 H 2 O PSA H 2 (> 99.9%) 7

8 CoMETHy project: challenge & topics Advanced catalysts for low-temperature steam reforming (NG, biogas, ethanol) Selective membranes for hydrogen separation Membrane reactor design Reaction mixture Reaction mixture molten salts H2 molten salts heat exchanger shell catalyst bed membrane catalyst bed heat exchanger shell membrane A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

9 CoMETHy project: challenge & topics Exploitation of molten salts as process heat transfer fluid (from different heat sources) CSP plant Biomass/RDF combustor flue gas air off-gas combustor CSP plant, biomass/gas driven molten salts heater, thermal storage, SG, etc. is topic of other ENEA s projects (e.g. 7FP MATS) MS-HTR & storage off-gas MS at T min = C MS at 550 C CoMETHy topic H 2 CH 4 * H 2 O Steam-Gn Pr-Htr SMR + WGS Membrane CO x Removal CO 2 GL-Sep Heat recovery H 2 O A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

10 ENEA s experience in molten salts and CSP technology Solar Thermodynamic Laboratory in Casaccia RC ENEL plant in Priolo Gargallo (Sicily)

11 MET.I.SOL. Project METISOL: Produzione di miscele METano-Idrogeno con cicli termochimici alimentati da energia SOLare e sistemi di stoccaggio a bordo veicolo Funded by: Ministero dell Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare Call: Bando per il finanziamento di progetti di ricerca finalizzati ad interventi di efficienza energetica e all utilizzo delle fonti di energia rinnovabile in aree urbane Duration (2 years): February 2010 February 2012; Budget: ca. 3 M A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

12 Thermochemical water-splitting cycles Sulfur-Iodine (S-I) cycle 1) 2H 2 O (l) +I 2 +SO 2 2HI (l) +H 2 SO 4(l) (Bunsenreaction, C) 2) 2HI (g) H 2(g) +I 2(g) ( C) 3) H 2 SO 4(g) H 2 O (g) +SO 2(g) +½O 2(g) ( C) H 2 O (l) H 2(g) + ½ O 2(g) (overallreaction) R&D activities are carried out in the framework of 2 projects: HycycleS EC-funded project ( ) TEPSI national project ( ) Scientific feasibility demonstrated at the bench scale (10 Nl/h hydrogen production)

13 Syngas production from biomass Some biomass gasification activities carried out at the ENEA-Trisaia research center in the framework of National and European programs. 500 kw th Circulating fluid bed 1 MW th Fluidized bed ENEA Trisaia Research Centre ENEA Trisaia Research Centre A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

14 Anaerobic digestion of food and zoo-technical wastes Energetic valorisation of zoo-technical industry wastes. Biomasse Riduzione dei costi di smaltimento dei rifiuti Riciclo dei materiali Anaerobic digestion Biogas (H 2, CH 4 ) A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18

15 Thank you for your attention! A. Giaconia Rome, 13 th December /18