The German Energy Transition and its International Context

Transcription

1 The German Energy Transition and its International Context Robert Brückmann Head of Policy Department Buenos Aires, 10 April 2014 Strategy Consulting Policy Consulting Financial Advisory Market Intelligence Business Promotion

2 AGENDA Agenda Energy Transition in Germany (Deutsche Energiewende) Introduction Realization of the Energiewende Achievements and Challenges Energy Transition and International Context Wrap-up 2

3 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY INTRODUCTION What is the German Energy Transition Energiewende? FUTURE ENERGY SUPPLY CLIMATE PROTECTION Renewables Energy Efficiency Future Grid Renewable Energy Sources Act National Climate Initiative Market Incentive Programme Energy Efficiency Directive Power Line Development Act Federal Requirement Plan steady growth cost efficient environmentally friendly reduce energy consumption ensure efficiency flexible grids enlarge grid capacities integration of renewables 3 Source: BMU 2014

4 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY REALIZATION OF ENERGIEWENDE The Goals of the German Energiewende Achieved (2012) Climate greenhouse gases (vs. 1990) -24,7% to -95 Renewable Energies % electricity % final energy consumption 23.6% 12.4% to to Energy Efficiency % primary energy consump. (vs. 2008) energy productivity -4,3% +1.1% p.a % p.a. -50 building renovation ~1% p.a. doubling of renovation rate: 1% 2% 4 Source: BMWi 2013

5 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY REALIZATION OF ENERGIEWENDE Main Tool for the Energy Transition: the Renewable Energy Sources Act Guaranteed grid access; priority transmission and distribution Fixed price ( tariff ) for every kwh produced for 20 years Tariffs are set technology-specific and with regard to further provisions (e.g. site, system services, etc.) Degression of tariffs to incentivize technical innovations Equalization of additional costs for electricity from RE between all electricity consumers (2014: ~ 6,24 ct/kwh); except energy intensive industries Apportionment of additional costs via grid operators and independent from public budget Regular monitoring & evaluation; accompanying research 5

6 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY REALIZATION OF ENERGIEWENDE Model of the Feed-in-tariff according to Renewables Sources Act Government Provides for grid access, sets FIT Utility Feed-in tariff renewable electricity conventional electricity Electricity rates + FIT surcharge RES-E Producer Electricity consumer 6 Source: RENAC/ eclareon 2013

7 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES 20 Years of continuous Support leading to 7-fold Increase of RES-E 7 Source: BMUB 2013

8 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Development of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources 8 Source: BMU 2014; AGEB/ AGEE-Stat 2012

9 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Development of Investments 9 Source: ZSW 2014; BMU 2014

10 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Investments Shared throughout Society Facilitated Continuity 10 Source: Trend Research 2010

11 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Reduction of Feed-in tariffs & Costs for PV also to the benefit of other markets Development of feed-in tariffs and system prices for PV in comparison to % 90% 80% 70% 60% 95% 95% 90% 90% 75% 83% 65% 76% 66% 55% Feed-in tariffs < 100kW 50% 60% 48% System prices < 100kW 40% 30% 20% 46% 37% 31% 32% 26% 10% 0% 11 Source: eclareon 2013; DLR Fraunhofer IWES 2012

12 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Development of Costs and how they will be Reduced 25,00% 20,00% 15,00% 10,00% 5,00% 0,00% Increase in consumer prices through RES support over consumer prices (%) small consumers / households EEG REFORM 2014 Mandatory corridors for main renewables (wind, PV, biomass) Appropriate tariff reduction while keeping goals Reduction of biomass use Determination of tariffs through tender processes from 2017 Reduction of exemption from renewable costs Renewables surcharge also for selfproduced electricity 12 Source: eclareon 2013; BMU 2014

13 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Grid Integration the Challenge of the coming Years 13 Source: Agora Energiewende 2012

14 ENERGY TRANSITION IN GERMANY ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Grid Integration Solutions 14 Source: BMU 2012

15 AGENDA Agenda Energy Transition in Germany Energy Transition and International Context Country Cases Motivation to start the Energy Transition Possible Scientific Cooperation Wrap-up 15

16 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY CASES CHINA Taking the Global Lead 16 Source: EnergyMarketPrice 2014/; OECDIIEA 2007/ Bloomberg New Energy Finance 2011

17 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY CASES USA Reduction of Energy Dependency 17 Source: Renewable Energy World 2011; Public Agenda Archives 2010; Itsyoursmartgrid.com 2009; Energy.stanford 2014

18 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY CASES JAPAN Lessons from Fukushima 18 Source: PV magazine.com 2012; sueddeutsche 2013; wetterspiegel 2012; JFS 2013

19 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY CASES Saudi Arabia Use RES and sell the Oil on the World Market 19 Source: IEA 2006; K.A.Care 2013

20 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY CASES INDONESIA Reduction of Energy Subsidies 20 Source: Institute for Energy Research 2011; IEA 2012; Global Sustainability Electricity Partnership 2014

21 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Example for International Cooperation at Legal-administrative Level: PV LEGAL European Project developed by the PV Industry for the Industry Main Goals: Provide transparency with regard to administrative requirements to investors and stakeholders Improve the ability of project developers to make profound business decisions and reduce costs for PV installation processes Streamline planning, constructing and operating procedures for PV systems PV LEGAL countries 21 Source: PV Legal project

22 ENERGY TRANSITION & INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Example for International Cooperation at Regulatory Level: PV GRID European Project of the scientific Community and PV Industry Main Goals: Reduce the barriers hampering largescale integration of PV Ease the administrative requirements and procedures necessary for installing, connecting to the grid and operating a PV system in Europe Favour knowledge transfer between European countries (between and among associations and DSOs) 22 Source: PV GRID project

23 AGENDA Agenda Energy Transition in Germany Energy Transition and International Context Wrap-up 23

24 WRAP-UP The German Energy Transition is despite Challenges on Track Key Features: Continuous Policy for 14 (or even 24) years Full political Commitment German Energy Transition stimulated Development in other markets Energy Transition is everywhere but for different Reasons! Depleting Energy Resources will make Energy Transitions economically viable and reasonable Scientific Cooperation will enhance Spread of Energy Transition 24

25 Strategy Consulting Policy Consulting Financial Advisory Market Intelligence Business Promotion

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