The American Swedish Institute Minneapolis, MN

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1 Minneaplis, MN Title Slide Krysta Skinner Mechanical Optin Advisr Dr. Stephen Tread The Pennsylvania State University

2 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Infrmatin Building Intrductin Building Infrmatin Existing Mechanical System Prpsed Slutins and Gals Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Size: 75,000 square feet Occupancy Type: Cultural Center Cnstructin Cst: $13.5 millin Cnstructin Dates: January 2011 June 2012 Delivery Methd: Design Bid Build Prject Team: Engineers and Architect: HGA Cnstructin Manager: Adlfsn & Petersn Cnstructin Owner: The American Swedish Institute

$Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Existing Mechanical System Building Intrductin Building Infrmatin$ Vertical heat exchanger Design Summary Peak design heat lss : 917 MBH Peak design heat gain : 1202 MBH Heat pump COP at

Vertical heat exchanger Design Summary Peak design heat lss : 917 MBH Peak design heat gain : 1202 MBH Heat pump COP at

3 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Existing Mechanical System Building Intrductin Building Infrmatin Existing Mechanical System Prpsed Slutins and Gals Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Gethermal surce clsed lp heat pump system Vertical heat exchanger Design Summary Peak design heat lss : 917 MBH Peak design heat gain : 1202 MBH Heat pump COP at 32 F: 3.5 Design minimum supply temperature : 32 F Design maximum supply temperature : 88 F 30% prpylene glycl in water N

$Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Existing Mechanical System Building Intrductin$ Air Unit 8,000 cfm Serves the heat pumps lcated in the Additin and Mansin Water-t-air heat pumps 48

Air Unit 8,000 cfm Serves the heat pumps lcated in the Additin and Mansin Water-t-air heat pumps 48

4 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Existing Mechanical System Building Intrductin Building Infrmatin Existing Mechanical System Prpsed Slutins and Gals Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Makeup Air Unit 8,000 cfm Serves the heat pumps lcated in the Additin and Mansin Water-t-air heat pumps 48 units 300-2,000 cfm range McQuay Enfinity Hrizntal Ceiling Water Surce Heat Pump AAON SA Series Makeup Air Unit

5 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Mechanical System Evaluatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Mechanical System Evaluatin Breadth Evaluatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Areas fr imprvement: Energy usage Fan energy Cst spent n utilities annually Gals: Reduce annual perating csts Decrease fan energy Decrease annual amunt f energy usage

$Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Breadth Evaluatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Mechanical System Evaluatin Breadth Evaluatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments$

6 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Breadth Evaluatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Mechanical System Evaluatin Breadth Evaluatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Breadth 1: Architectural Replace existing rf n walkway Breadth 2: Structural Walkway was analyzed fr riginal rf lads Calculate lads fr extensive and intensive ptins Cmparisn f riginal t new ptins

7 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Backgrund Infrmatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Fan pwered VAV bxes shall supply cnditined air t znes Water-t-water heat pumps in cmbinatin with gethermal system Prcedure: Schedules and rms were inputted int Trane TRACE Calculate mnthly and annual amunts fr energy usage Determine annual csts Size equipment based n results Cmpare results t riginal

8 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Energy Analysis Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Annual Energy Use fr HVAC Optins by End Use Original VAV Equip Lights Fan/Pump Cling Heating Ttal 15.1% decrease in end use 46.4% decrease in fan energy Electricity (kwh) 15.8% decrease in electricity 14.6% increase in natural gas Natural Gas (kbtu) Ttal (kbtu/yr) Original 917,790 66,748 3,199,165 VAV 773,055 78,169 2,716,604

9 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Energy Csts Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Utility Rates taken frm Xcel Energy Electricity Csts: $11.19/kW frm June t Sept. $7.79/kW frm Oct. t May Natural Gas Csts: $0.59/therm frm April t Oct. $0.65/therm frm Nv. t March Annual Utility Breakdwn Surce Energy (10 6 Btu/yr) Cst ($/yr) Electricity 2, , Gas Ttal 2,717 61,545.13

10 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin First Cst Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments VAV System first cst: $2,459, $54.65 per square ft Included: Gethermal wellfield & piping Water -t-water heat pumps Air handling unit Fan-pwered VAV bxes Original system first cst: $2,031, % increase System Cmpnents Cmpnent Csts Gethermal wellfield & piping $408, Water-t-water heat pumps $224, Air handling unit $240, VAV Bxes $160, Biler $81, Pumps $7, Valving $50, Exhaust Fans $52, Unit heaters & misc. $37, Air Distributin $686, Hydrnic piping $249, Cntrls $312,600.00

11 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Life-Cycle Cst Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments 30 year life-cycle cst System was analyzed based n: Capital Investment Overhaul Maintenance Annual electric and natural gas csts Escalatin Factrs Ttal net present value: $ 5,184, Maintenance ($) 3.9% increase Annual Electricity Csts ($) Annual Natural Gas Csts ($) OMB Base Discunt Rate (%) 44, , Original VAV HVAC System First Cst $2,031, $2,459, Annual Maintenance Cst $52, $44, Replacements Csts: $275, $89, $372, $544, $81, $81, $275, $489, Annual Recurring Electric $73, $60, Annual Recurring Natural Gas $ $ Ttal Energy Csts $74, $61,545.13

12 The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Recmmendatin Decrease f energy cnsumptin and usage 15.1% verall 46.4% fr fan and pump energy 16.9% fr cling 31.3% fr heating $13, less spent n electricity annually Ttal first cst: $2,459,350 Payback perid f 33 years Is this a gd ptin? Yes

$Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Backgrund Infrmatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst$

13 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Backgrund Infrmatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Active chilled beams shall supply cnditined air t the spaces Water-t-water heat pumps cmbined with gethermal system Prcedure: Schedules and rms were inputted int Trane TRACE Calculate mnthly and annual amunts fr energy usage Size equipment based n results Calculate number f chilled beams and size Determine annual csts and first csts ACBL Price Industries Limited 2011 Cmpare results t riginal

14 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Energy Analysis Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Annual Energy Use fr HVAC Optins by End Use Original Chilled beams Equip Lights Fan/Pump Cling Heating Ttal 12.4% decrease in end use 66.3% decrease in fan energy Primary airflw decreases by 65% Electricity (kwh) 11.7% decrease in electricity 53.4% decrease in natural gas Natural Gas (kbtu) Ttal (kbtu/yr) Original 917,790 66,748 3,199,165 Chilled Beams 810,230 31,113 2,798,427

15 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Energy Csts Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Utility Rates taken frm Xcel Energy Electricity Csts: $11.19/kW frm June t Sept. $7.79/kW frm Oct. t May Natural Gas Csts: $0.59/therm frm April t Oct. $0.65/therm frm Nv. t March Annual Utility Breakdwn Surce Energy (10 6 Btu/yr) Cst ($/yr) Electricity 2, , Gas Ttal 2,798 65,509.85

16 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Chilled Beam Calculatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Taken frm Trace: Q T(sensible) = 6,480 Btu/hr Q T(latent) = 1,000 Btu/hr Based n ASHRAE 62.1: V r = 85 cfm Rm cnditins: T r = 75 F w r = lbw/lbda Air cnditins: T v = 55 F w v = lbw/lbda Cling capacity f air: Q (latent) = 411 Btu/hr Q (sensible) = 1,836 Btu/hr Q T(latent) > Q (latent) therefre, need t recalculate V(cfm) V=207 cfm Q (sensible) = 4,463 Btu/hr Selectin made frm Price manufacturer: 210 cfm per beam Beam length f 6 ft 7,059 Btu/hr per beam # f beams needed = 210/207=1 Ttal f 546 lf f chilled beams needed

17 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin First Cst Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Chilled beam first cst: $2,549, $56.65 per square ft Included: Gethermal wellfield & piping Water -t-water heat pumps DOAS unit Chilled beams Original system first cst: $2,031, % increase System Cmpnents Cmpnent Csts Gethermal wellfield & piping $408, Water-t-water heat pumps $224, DOAS $58, Chilled Beams $177, Biler $81, Pumps $7, Valving $50, Exhaust Fans $52, Unit heaters & misc. $37, Air Distributin $784, Hydrnic piping $327, Cntrls $390,750.00

18 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Life-Cycle Cst Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments 30 year life-cycle cst System was analyzed based n: Capital Investment Overhaul Maintenance Annual electric and natural gas csts Escalatin Factrs Maintenance ($) Ttal net present value: $ 5,678, % increase Annual Electricity Csts ($) Annual Natural Gas Csts ($) OMB Base Discunt Rate (%) 36, , Original Chilled Beam HVAC System First Cst $2,031, $2,549, Annual Maintenance Cst $52, $36, Replacements Csts: $275, $89, $372, $622, $81, $259, $275, $147, Annual Recurring Electric $73, $63, Annual Recurring Natural Gas $ $ Ttal Energy Csts $74, $64,475.61

19 The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Backgrund Infrmatin Energy Analysis Energy Csts Chilled Beam Calculatin First Cst Life-Cycle Cst Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Recmmendatin Decrease f energy cnsumptin and usage 12.5% verall 66.3% fr fan and pump energy 38.5% fr heating 65% fr primary airflw $9, less spent n electricity annually Ttal first cst: $2,549, Payback perid f 52 years Is this a gd ptin? Yes

$The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis$

20 The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Structural Overview Analysis: Calculatins were cmpleted fr the riginal rf Dead lads Flat rf snw lad Rf live lad Weights frm LiveRf Hybrid Green Rf System manufacturer Ttal lads based n factred lad equatin Cmparisn f new lads t riginal

$Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Original Rf Deck Analysis Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis$

21 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Original Rf Deck Analysis Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Dead Lad: D = 25 psf Metal deck, rigid insulatin, built up rfing, misc. dead lad Snw Lad: S =35 psf Live Lad: L r = 20 psf Calculated Factred Lad: R u = 86 psf Decking selectin: Use 3N18, 1 span f 8-4 Check: Max. SDI Cnstructin Span = > 8-4 Fr 10-0 Ttal Lad = 91 psf >86 psf Vulcraft Steel Rf and Flr Deck Catalg 2008

$Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Extensive Green Rf Analysis Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis$

22 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Extensive Green Rf Analysis Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Dead Lad: D = 31 psf Metal deck, rigid insulatin, fenestratin system, green rf (lite) saturated, misc. dead lad Snw Lad: S =35 psf Live Lad: L r = 20 psf Calculated Factred Lad: R u = 94 psf Decking selectin: Use 3N16, 1 span f 8-4 Check: Max. SDI Cnstructin Span = 18-6 > 8-4 Fr 10-0 Ttal Lad = 118psf >94 psf Vulcraft Steel Rf and Flr Deck Catalg 2008

23 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Recmmendatin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Structural Overview Original Rf Deck Analysis Extensive Green Rf Analysis Recmmendatin Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Rf Type Deck Dead Lad Rf Live Lad Snw Lad Factred Lad Original 3N Extensive 3N Intensive (Opt. 1) Intensive (Opt. 2) Intensive (Opt. 3) 2VLI VLI VLI Increase in lads Extensive: 6.2% Intensive Opt.1 and 2: 70% Intensive Opt. 3: 68% Selectin: Extensive green rf Smallest increase in lads 8 psf increase in factred lads

24 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Cnclusin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Cnclusins fr depth : VAV (%) Chilled Beam (%) End Use (15.1) (12.5) Heating (31.3) (38.5) Cling (16.9) 20.5 Fan/Pump (46.4) (66.3) FC Cnclusin fr Structural breadth: Extensive green rf Rf decking 3N16 LLC SPB 33 years 52 years Mechanical system recmmendatin: VAV

$The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals$

25 The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Acknwledgements AE Faculty HGA Architects and Engineers The American Swedish Institute Friends and Family

26 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Building Intrductin Prpsed Slutins and Gals Cnclusin Questins/Cmments Questins?

27 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Occupancy Schedule Cling Design Weekday Schedule Start Time End Time Percentage Midnight 5 a.m a.m. 6 a.m a.m. 7 a.m a.m. 8 p.m p.m. 9 p.m p.m. 10 p.m p.m. Midnight 30 Heating Design Schedule Start Time End Time Percentage Midnight Midnight 100 Saturday and Sunday Schedule Start Time End Time Percentage Midnight 5 a.m a.m. 7 a.m a.m. 9 a.m a.m. 6 p.m p.m. 8 p.m p.m. 9 p.m p.m. Midnight 30

28 $5, $4, $5, $3, $4, $6, $6, $6, $5, $4, $3, $5, $5, $4, $5, $4, $5, $6, $6, $6, $5, $4, $4, $5, $74, $61, $65, The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Energy Csts $8, $7, $6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1, $- VAV Mnthly Utility Csts Natural Gas Electricity Ttal $8, $7, $6, $5, $4, $3, $2, $1, $- Chilled Beam Mnthly Utility Csts Natural Gas Electricity Ttal $90, $75, $60, $45, $30, $15, $- Annual Energy Csts Original System VAV Chilled Beams Natural Gas Electricity Ttal

29 CO2 emissins per tn The American Swedish Institute Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Emissins and Energy Usage Annual Carbn Emissins frm Electricity Original System VAV Chilled Beams Annual Energy Use fr HVAC Optins by End Use Original VAV Chilled beams Equip Lights Fan/Pump Cling Heating Ttal

30 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Life-Cycle Cst $6,000, Life-cycle Csts Ttal LCC $5,678, First Cst $5,000, $4,983, $5,184, Lifetime Equipment $ Lifetime Utility $ Lifetime Maintenance $ $4,000, MSYS1 MSYS2 MSYS3 Utility Incentive $

31 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin VAV Schematic Ventilatin Schematic fr VAV Gethermal Schematic fr VAV

32 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Chilled Beam Schematics Ventilatin Schematic fr Chilled Beams Gethermal Schematic fr Chilled Beams

33 Minneaplis, MN \ Krysta Skinner \ Mechanical Optin Chilled Beam Full Calculatin Chilled Beam Calculatin: Taken frm Trace: Q T(sensible) = 6,480 Btu/hr Q T(latent) = 1,000 Btu/hr Q ttal = 7,480 Btu/hr Type f rm based n ASHRAE Std , Table 6.1: Library: Rp = 5 cfm/persn Pz = 500(ft^2)*10/1000(# persn/ft^2) = 5 persn Ra = 0.12 cfm/ft^2 Az = 500 ft^2 Ez = 1 Vr(cfm) = Rp*Pz+Ra*Az = 5*5+0.12*500 = 85 cfm Rm cnditins: T r = 75 F w r = lbw/lbda V cnditins: T v = 55 F w v = lbw/lbda Calculated values: Q (latent) = 4840*cfm*(w r - w v ) Q (latent) = 4840*85*( ) = 411 Btu/hr Q (sensible) = 1.08*cfm *(T r - T v ) Q (sensible) = 1.08*85*(75-55) = 1,836 Btu/hr Q T(latent) > Q (latent) therefre, need t recalculate V(cfm) V= [Q T(latent) ]/[4840* (w r - w v ) ] V= [1000]/[4840* ( ) ]= 207 cfm Q (sensible) = 1.08*207*(75-55) = 4,463 Btu/hr Check: Q (sensible) = 6,480Btu/hr-4,463 Btu/hr = 2,017 Btu/hr Selectin made frm Price manufacturer: 210 cfm per beam Nzzle diameter f inches Beam length f 6 ft 7,059 Btu/hr per beam # f beams needed = 210/207=1 4.2 inches f head per beam 6 lf f beams needed All chilled beam results can be seen in Appendix G f reprt

Tube Bundle General Configuration

Tube Bundle General Configuration Tube Bundle General Cnfiguratin Length B Inlet Tube Supprt Tubes Outlet Head Rib Gasket Tube Sheet Tank lange Ring Gasket Tank Tank Lining Please Cmplete The llwing Infrmatin: 1 Tube Sheet Data Outside