WOIS MONITORING SOLUTIONS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT

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1 WOIS MONITORING SOLUTIONS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT The TIGER Water Observation and Information System (WOIS) was funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) Data User Element

2 THE WATER OBSERVATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

3 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A USER-DRIVEN WATER OBSERVATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM As part of the European Space Agency TIGER initiative, the TIGER-NET project supports the assessment and monitoring of water resources from watershed to cross-border basin level. TIGER-NET delivers indispensable information for Integrated Water Resource Management in Africa through: 1. Development and Implementation of an opensource Water Observation and Information Systems (WOIS) for monitoring, assessing and inventorying water resources in a cost-effective manner; 2. Capacity building and training of African water authorities and technical centers to fully exploit the increasing observation capacity offered by current and upcoming generations of satellites, including the Sentinel missions. Satellite derived information services focus on surface-water and address water use, supply, and flood in several African countries for water authorities and Basin Commissions. The WOIS has been designed, developed, validated and demonstrated in close collaboration with African national and transboundary water authorities the WOIS host institutions. WOIS HOST INSTITUTIONS IN AFRICA Nile Basin Initiative Department of Water Affairs, Namibia Lake Chad Basin Commission Department of Water Affairs, South Africa Volta Basin Authority Department of Water Affairs, Zambia Mettelsat, Democratic Republic of Congo Zambezi Watercourse Commission (ZAMCOM) South African Space Agency International Water Management Institute Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, Mozambique Action Against Hunger

4 GEOSPATIAL OBSERVATION SOLUTIONS Satellites enable cost-efficient geospatial monitoring solutions for assessments on watershed to cross-border basin levels delivering indispensable information for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Open-source Water Observation and Information System (WOIS) for monitoring, assessing and inventorying water resources in a cost-effective manner through satellite data. Products and Customization: 28 specific water information products covering the whole cycle of IWRM, developed in close collaboration with water authorities and commissions. Access to freely available international satellite data streams, dedicated data access and pre-processing services can be setup via open international data infrastructures for operational monitoring purposes. Capacity building and training to fully exploit the increasing observation capacity offered by current and upcoming generations of satellites. The Water Observation Information System provides an operational water observation, analysis, accounting and reporting solution.

5 WOIS Integrated Water Resource Management Application Solutions The WOIS provides satellite supported IWRM solutions for a wide range of sectors and applications. To date more than 28 dedicated available products to answer over 80 different water related management questions (see matrix below). Based on the existing product portfolio and the flexible WOIS framework, further application solutions can be covered. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION SOLUTIONS WOIS PRODUCTS & CAPACITIES WATER BALANCE FLOODS LAND DEGRADA- TION INDICATOR WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING RIVER BASIN FORESTRY AGRICULTURE URBAN SANITATION ECOSYSTEM CLIMATE IMPACT/ ADAPTION Medium resolution land cover and change detection mapping High resolution land cover and change detection mapping Very high resolution land cover mapping Land degradation (via vegetation indices) Small water body mapping / monitoring Lake shoreline mapping and change dedection Wetland mapping and monitoring Lake surface temperature, chlorophyll and sediment load Precipitation monitoring Evapotranspiration monitoring Soil Moisture and Soil Water Index monitoring Drought/Wet Anomaly monitoring Start of Soil Moisture Season monitoring Hydrological discharge model for scenario analysis Hydrological discharge model for operational forecasting Near-realtime flood mapping and monitoring Historical flood frequency and vulnerability assessment Soil Loss potential mapping Hot-spots of anthropogenic caused erosion Urban water demand model for sanitation planning support

6 WOIS System Status Library of 12 product groups containing 48 customized workflows for importing, processing and analyzing optical and radar EO data in support of water management Published in the scientific paper Remote Sensing Volume 6, Issue 8 (more than full text views 1st of April 2015) Step-by-step guidance for the end-to-end processing of the product portfolio and other relevant EO processing/gis tasks Automated retrieval and processing of EO data needed for user requested information products Each tested and validated for several regions in Africa WOIS Processing Toolbox Dedicated workflows to support water management Extensive geo-processing toolbox with +300 algorithms for raster and vector processing Source Codes to be downloaded via GitHub code repository Workflow developer plugin (more than 1800 downloads via GitHub) Integrates QGIS, SAGA GIS, GRASS, Python, GDAL/OGR, Orfeo and Sentinel Toolbox Installed as QGIS plugins. Drag and drop modeler and Python scripting Support of time series processing and viewing

7 System specifications Cost free Open Source GIS (based on QGIS) Easily transferable Easy to operate Capable of retrieving, storing and processing EO satellite data as well as integrating in-situ data producing EO-based water related information products integrating hydrological modeling functions supporting decisions based on full GIS framework mapping and reporting functionality integrating and linking to existing user systems scaling up for future applications and demands supporting the full observational capacity of the Sentinels Building an operational water observatory Standalone installation on individual PC, providing field working capacity Distributed setup for operational Water Observation Systems requiring: Trained EO / GIS staff Server IT infrastructure and internet connectivity Internet based satellite data access The WOIS software is currently maintained within the TIGER initiative and by the original developer team. The WOIS has been recognized by the World Bank as a useful tool for creating local capacity for enhancing IWRM as part of development investments. WOIS World Bank Presentation, Washington DC.

8 Basin Characterization and Monitoring This WOIS offers mapping and monitoring for the basin characterization from very large areas to sub-basin level. The derived land cover (change) information is vital for water resource management and planning activities. High Resolution Landcover 1986 / 2011 Lake Chad Basin Quantification of Land Use / Land Cover Change The WOIS is essentially helping water managers in Africa to integrate and transition their existing in-situ monitoring systems to a more cost-effective satellite based monitoring system. Mohammed Bila, Remote Sensing and GIS Expert, Lake Chad Basin Observatory Land cover and land use information Long-term land cover change Seasonal changes and landscape dynamics

9 PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS Water Body Monitoring The WOIS water body monitoring service offers a detailed mapping and monitoring of open water bodies and their seasonal changes. Water bodies include lakes, reservoirs and ponds with a minimum size of 1 ha. The WOIS water body monitoring solution supports issues such as small dam infrastructure planning or live stock watering management. Small water bodies wet season 2013 Lusemfwa catchment The WOIS and the enabled small water body mapping capacity provides crucial information for livestock watering in the Volta basin. It will be therefore critically important that operational Sentinel-1 and 2 data becomes available to the VBA [Volta Basin Authority] in order to continue to turn out such information products to be shared with the general public and livestock managers in particular. Dr. Jacob Tumbulto, Director Volta Basin Authority Open water bodies Seasonal and long-term changes in water extent and shoreline

10 Wetlands Monitoring The WOIS wetlands mapping and monitoring service provides an automated capacity for wetland identification and monitoring. Wetland areas Nile Basin Initiative (2008) This geoinformation product allows a better understanding of the relationship between river discharge and the extent and seasonal variation of wetlands. On a long term, this knowledge contributes to a better understanding of the ecosystem impact of water take activities and supports management strategies. Wetlands Seasonal and long-term changes in water extent Water Quality Monitoring The WOIS water quality monitoring product provides satellite derived chlorophyll, total suspended matter and temperature monitoring products for lakes on a regular basis. Water Quality Lake Victoria This supports water authorities in the identification of point sources and the establishment of possible correlation with regular disease outbreaks. Furthermore it enhances the understanding of eutrophication processes and supports regular reporting obligations. Water quality products (Chlorophyll concentration, Total Suspended Matter) Surface Water Temperature

11 PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS Hydrological Monitoring WOIS offers access to information services for a number of hydrological products (precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, water level). Soil Water Index of third decade June 2013 Lake Chad Basin This information is important for basin hydrology and for the current and future land utilization potential Description Legende Soil Water Index of third decade June 2013 Lake Chad basins Precipitation Country borders Evapotranspiration Soil moisture SWI third decade June % 25% 50% 75% Cartographic references: Water levels 100% Projection: GCS_WGS_1984 Datum: WGS 1984 Hydrological Modelling (Scenario analysis & Operational forecasting) The WOIS hydrological modelling and forecasting product provides in-situ independent simulations of river discharge time series in the basins. Chari-Logone River Basin Hydrological modelling is needed for flood forecasting and water balance monitoring. River discharge

12 Near-realtime and Historical Flood Monitoring This WOIS product offers rapid information on flood extents for large areas in otherwise inaccessible areas in a cost-effective way. This information helps to keep monitor flood events and allows the retrospective monitoring of historic floods. Together with data on infrastructures and population it allows the assessment of flood exposure. In combination with the flood forecasting provided by the WOIS hydrological component, the capacity provides for the full flood cycle management. Sentinel-1 Flood Monitoring of Caprivi Flood Plain, Namibia The recently launched Sentinel-1 satellite by ESA demonstrated that it has capabilities to acquire satellite data during rainy and difficult weather conditions and to monitor floods in near real time. Pauline Mufeti, Head of Hydrological Services Namibia The capacity of WOIS is enormous, especially considering that it is available as an open source tool and as operational Sentinel data becomes available. WOIS enabled SAR data processing capability has created new dimension to flood inundation mapping in eastern Nile seasonal flood monitoring. The partial integration of flood mapping products from WOIS into seasonal flood monitoring activities has improved flood forecasting and helped enhance the quality of flood early warning information communicated to communities prone to flood risk. Ephrem Getahun Hailu, Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat Historical flood extent and frequency Current flood extent Flood exposure mapping

13 PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS Erosion Potential Mapping The WOIS erosion potential mapping service provides spatial indicators to estimate soil erosion over time. Erosion Potential Nile Basin Initiative The information is used to identify areas of anthropogenically caused erosion potential in order to plan and prioritize watershed restoration activities. Soil loss potential Hot-spots of anthropogenic caused erosion Land Degradation Monitoring The WOIS land degradation mapping tool integrates statistical methods for dynamic analysis of vegetation to assess land degradation (i.e. loss of productivity) or greening at basin scale. Vegetation Trends Lake Chad This helps to identify hotspots and supports planning of countermeasures. Vegetation trends Land degradation and desertification

14 Water Balance Monitoring The information solutions for water balance monitoring consist of the following components: Water discharge forecasting (Product: Hydrological Modelling) Land cover based water demand mapping (Product: High resolution Basin Characterization) Water related land cover change mapping (Product: High resolution Characterization) Hydrological Monitoring Products (Product: Precipitation, Evapotransporation, Soil moisture) Water balance monitoring enables calculating the water budget with high accuracy and considering its spatial aspects in detail. This is for example essential for estimating evapotranspiration with special focus on irrigated areas providing information on the actual water consumption. Water Demand Mokolo, South Africa Water demand for tobacco in Mokolo for 2005 & 2011 Water demand for tobacco in Mokolo for 2005 & water 2011 average demand per year [m³] average water no data demand per year [m³] no data Water demand for tobacco in Mokolo for 2005 & 2011 This map shows the water demand for tobacco in Mokolo within quaternary This map shows water catchments. Thethe water demand demand for hastobacco been in Mokolo within quaternary associated to the Mokolo catchments. The water VHR LC/LU classification demand2011), has been (2005; according to associated to the Mokolofor water demand statistics VHR LC/LU classification different crop sorts (median (2005; 2011), In according demand/ha). addition,to water water demand demand statistics has been for different sortsdry(median evaluatedcrop for the season demand/ha). In addition, (may - september) and the water demand has been wet season (october - april). evaluated for the dry season (may - september) and the wet season (october - april) km km Cartographic References: Projection: UTM Zone 35 S Datum: WGS 1984 Cartographic References: Projection: Source: UTM Zone 35 S Datum: 1984Images - SPOT 4WGS Satellite for Source: SPOT 5 Satellite Images - SPOT for Satellite Images for SPOT 5 Satellite Images VHR LC/LU Classifcation: -fortn2011 product5-1 LC/LU TN product5-1 LC/LU 2011 VHR LC/LU Classifcation: - TN product5-1 LC/LU 2005 Quaternary Catchments -(vector) TN product5-1 LC/LU 2011 Quaternary Catchments (vector) The WOIS is used to complement, improve and fill information gaps needed in critical programmes such as integrated planning, the National Integrated Water Information System and water use authorisation, monitoring and regulation. Carey Rajah, Director of Spatial and Land Information Management of DWS South Africa High resolution land cover characterization Water Demand Water Discharge

15 PRODUCTS & SOLUTIONS WOIS Observatories in Africa and beyond As part of the TIGER initiative, ESA collaborated with African water authorities since 2012 to define, develop, implement, demonstrate the Water Observation and Information System. This resulted in a comprehensive, open-source EO processing and GIS platform for supporting water management. In total, the WOIS was installed by the development team in 8 African Water authorities and Commissions, covering river basins and demonstrations in 26 African countries (eg. 2.8 Mio. km² of historical and 45 Tsd. km² of nearreal time flood monitoring), with more than 150 water experts trained in Africa alone. Training will be ongoing within the TIGER Capacity Building Facility as well as the development team. To date (April, 2015) the WOIS was downloaded 231 times by African as well as international, governmental and private institutions from over 23 countries outside Africa. Earth Observation supporting Integrated Water Resource Management ESA@2015 Awareness Kit and Water Observation and Information System (V3.0, 2015) Free download of the WOIS from the TIGER web site (

16 DEVELOPER TEAM GeoVille Information Systems GmbH, Austria (PRIME) DHI Geographic Resource Analysis & Science A/S, (Partner) SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS Institute of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Vienna University of Technology (TU Vienna) Department of International Health (ISIM), University of Copenhagen Dept. of Environmental Engineering, (DTU ENV) Technical University of Denmark WOIS downloads and access Free download of the WOIS from the TIGER web site ( For more details on the WOIS and the TIGER-NEt project: Source codes are public and can be downloaded via the GitHub online code repository ( For more information, please log on to contact: Dr. Andreas Walli, ESA technical officer: Dr. Benjamin Koetz, All products in this brochure are produced by GeoVille GeoVille 2015 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. All rights reserved. Printed in Austria.