Takashi Moriyama & Han Dolman On behalf of GEO Carbon CoP and GEO task CL and contributors

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1 User Engagement Session 1-2 November, China National Convention Center, Beijing Room 401 The GEO Carbon strategy Takashi Moriyama & Han Dolman On behalf of GEO Carbon CoP and GEO task CL and contributors GEO Secretariat

2 Variation of zonally averaged monthly mean CO 2 mole fractions calculated for each 20 degree zone (Image credit:wmo WDCGG/JMA)

3 Events in 2009 CEOS SIT23, launch Carbon Task Force, 3-5 March 2009, Florida GEO Carbon Task Workshop, May 2009, Canberra CEOS SIT24, 1st Carbon Task Force, 9-11 September 2009, Darmstadt GEO Carbon CoP kick-off, 14 September 2009, Jena IAF Plenary event (climate day), 14 October 2009, Daejeon GEO Plenary & Carbon CoP side meeting, 14 November 2009, Washington D.C. IGOS Symposium, 15 November 2009, Washington D.C. CEOS 23rd Plenary, 2-4 November 2009, Phuket COP-15 side event, 7-18 December 2009, Copenhagen >> CEOS Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Observations (Organized by EUMETSAT) Events in 2010 APRSAF-16, January 2010, Bangkok GEOSS-AP4, March 2010, Bali CEOS ACC,30-01 March 2010, Montrial CEOS SIT25 & 3 rd Carbon Task Force, April 2010, Tokyo Carbon from Space Workshop & CEOS Carbon T/F, 6-8 September 2010, Oxford CEOS 24 th Plenary, October 2010, Rio CEOS SIT Technical WS, November 2010, Montreal GEO Plenary & Ministerial Summit, 3-5 November 2010, Beijin COP-16 side event, December 2010, New Mexico 3

4 The role of GEO in meeting the "climate challenge" Develop a long-term strategy to improve observation capability, data assimilation and modeling Advance the monitoring and predictability of weather and climate on weekly, seasonal, inter-annual and decadal time scales Facilitate access to, and utilization of, weather and climate data and models for developing countries Implement actions called for in the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Implementation Plan (including atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial domains) Enhance collaboration between observation, research and user communities GEO Secretariat

5 Delivering useful information for management strategies Country-level constraints on net emissions & ecosystem carbon stocks Assessments of the effectiveness of greenhouse gas management strategies Evaluation of changes in biosphere or ocean feedbacks Early warning of rapid greenhouse gas release events

6 Carbon Cycle Management Carbon Cycle Management Measurements Types: In situ, airborne, spaceborne Access: Widely available Quality: Accurate calibration and validation Modeling Physical Scale: Local, regional, global Time Scale: Daily, weekly, annually, decadal Approach: Transparent, widely available, science stamp of approval Decision Support / Action Level: National, International Action: Policy implications Access: Widely available, verification, capacity building

7 Towards an Integrated Global Carbon Observation System

8 GEO Carbon task CL Global Carbon Observation and Analysis System - Integrated Global Carbon Observation (IGCO) Forest Carbon Tracking Global Monitoring of GHG from Sapce (CEOS Carbon Task Force) GEO Secretariat

9 GEO carbon strategy (i) increase the density of in situ networks, in particular for stations and aircraft atmospheric observations, ocean pco2 observing systems using Voluntary Observing Ships, and eddy covariance terrestrial ecosystem flux measurement networks. develop space measurements of global CO₂ and CH₄ distributions, to fill the gap after GOSAT and SCIAMACHY; develop spatial scaling techniques for pco₂ and land flux observations for application to wider regions, using satellite information; undertake a decadal full basin survey of ocean carbon state, together with regular inventories of forest biomass and soil carbon pools;

10 GEO Carbon strategy (ii) improve access to a continuous supply of mid-resolution Earth observing (satellite) data, to monitor areas of forest; improve access to geospatial and temporal fossil fuel emission information, including spatial-data infrastructure; assemble geospatial information about use of wood and food products, and continuously monitored dissolved and particulate carbon, if possible with age information, for relevant rivers; implement a data architecture that facilitates the combination of different data-streams; establish an International Carbon Office to operate a program to produce annually updated regional and global carbon budgets.

11 Remote sensing GHG concentrations Combine with high precision in situ observations to increase coverage GOSAT (JAXA) revolution in observing carbon from space Sciamachy, IASI, AIRS (current) Future: OCO2, GOSAT2, MicroCARB, MELRIN, CarbonSAT,ASCENDS... Significant work required to understand biases and errors GOSAT CO 2 retrieval

12 International Framework IPCC AR-5 (2013) IPCC Scientific Assessment GCP(2003) IGCO Operational Observations(2004) Carbon Strategy (2010) Process studies and campaigns Analysis and Synthesis Prognostic modeling Diagnostic modeling Data assimilation High level products

13 Geo Carbon Strategy New version IGCO report Public review now ended Coordinated by Carbon Community of Practice Recommendations for short en long term developments Now Strategy document published

14 Satellite GHG mission with PBL sensitivity CO 2 CH 4 SCIAMACHY GOSAT CARBONSAT GOSAT-2** CH 4 G / Fr Climate Mission(CH4 DIAL) SENTINEL 5 CO 2 OCO-2 OCO-3* MicroCarb JEM-DIAL*** CH 4 CO SENTINEL 5 P TBD ASCENDS A-SCOPE *OCO-3 instrument will be assembled and ready for integration on to a flight of opportunity as soon as 2015 **GOSAT-2 mission definition review will be in 2010, and request budget for start pre-project in ***JEM-DIAL has been studying dedicated CO2 measurement to be aboard ISS Japan Exposure Module

15 CEOS Organizational Structure 28 Members 20 Associates Plenary Chair: INPE Secretariat NASA/NOAA,MEXT/JAXA, ESA/EUMETSAT) Strategic Implementation Team (SIT) Chair: JAXA Vice Chair: NASA CEOS Executive Officer ESA CEOS Carbon Task Force: -Co-Chair Takashi Moriyama (JAXA) Diane Wickland (NASA) System Engineering Office SEO) NASA SBA coordinator Constellations Land Surface Imaging (LSI) USGS Ocean Surface Altimetry (OST) CNES Atmospheric Chemistry Composition (ACC) NASA/ESA Precipitation (PC) JAXA/NASA Ocean Color Radiometer (OCR) JAXA/EC/NASA Ocean Surface Vector Wind (OSVW) NASA WGCV Chair ESA WGISS Chair GISTDA Vice Chair: JAXA WG-Edu Chair: EUMETSAT

16 CEOS supports GEO Carbon tasks As of moriyama CEOS Carbon Task Force (for fulfilling GEO task CL-09-03c, reporting to CEOS SIT) *Cross-communication & coordination among CL tasks *Create synergistic implementation plan for the long term global carbon observations and global warming *To support / facilitate space GHG data Close cooperation CL-09-03c Global Carbon Observation and Analysis System GHG * Improve spatial / temporal coverage * Cross instrument CAL/VAL * Enhanced data products and utilization * Algorithm & validation collaboration Collect & deliver data for synergetic use CEOS Carbon Strategy Next generation satellite missions, Data products Gap analysis //Users requirements CL-09-03b Task team (Forest Carbon Tracking) CL-09-03a Task team GEO-Carbon CoP for Global Carbon Observations *highlight the observational requirements for global Carbon cycle *provide strategy advice to GEO and carbon community Updates IGCO Carbon Theme Report GEO Carbon Strategy Current CEOS-Virtual Constellations Data quality assurance Datasets standardization CEOS WGCV, WGISS CEOS ACC GHG portal GHG Data retrieval GOSAT,AIRS IASI,SCIAMACY Data will be distributed from each space Agency by respecting their own data policy

17 Thank you Contacts Han Dolman Philippe Ciais Pep Canadell Takashi Moriyama Dr. Antonio Bombelli (IGCO task coordinator) Department of Forest Science and Resources (DISAFRI) University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, Italy Download the current version of the GEO Carbon Strategy report from