Seasonal Stable Isotope Trends In Finger Lake Food Webs. Peter Smyntek, Mark Teece, Kim Schulz, and Adam Storch
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1 Seasonal Stable Isotope Trends In Finger Lake Food Webs Peter Smyntek, Mark Teece, Kim Schulz, and Adam Storch
2 Overview Stable Isotope (SI) Basics & Food Web Diagrams Why Consider Seasonality? Project Goal & Sampling Methods Seasonal Stable Isotope Patterns in Seston of Several Finger Lakes Future Work
3 Stable Isotopes and Food Web Diagrams Naturally Abundant Tracers Source Information: Where did our organic material originate? Food web diagrams Who s eating who? δ 15 N 3 0 Predators Herbivores Producers Benthic Pelagic Littoral δ 13 C
4 Idealized Stable Isotope Food Web Diagram 14 Shark δ 15 N Bob δ 15 N Fish 6 Zooplankton δ 13 C
5 Idealized Stable Isotope Food Web Diagram 14 δ 15 N Bob 9 Shark 12 Fish 6 2 Zooplankton δ 13 C
6 Easy Stable Isotope Food Web Diagram L. Ontario - August Pelagic Food Web Limnocalanus, 14.8 Alewife, 12.2 δ 15 N Mysis, 11.0 Invasive, predatory zooplankton Cercopagis, 9.0 Herbivorous Zooplankton, 6.9 Seston (Algae), 5.3 Trophic level enrichment δ 13 C δ 15 N value listed next to organism error bars = ± 1 Standard Dev.
7 Difficult Stable Isotope Food Web Diagram L. Michigan - September Food Web - Offshore Invasive, predatory zooplankton Alewife, 10.4 δ 15 N 10 8 Cercopagis, Herbivorous Zooplankton, 6.1 Daphnia, 3.9 Seston (Algae), 5.1 Herbivorous zooplankton δ 15 N value listed next to organism δ 13 C
8 Finger Lakes Study Goal & Methods Identify patterns in seasonal stable isotope values at the base of the food web (algae)
9 Finger Lakes Study Goal & Methods Identify patterns in seasonal stable isotope values at the base of the food web (algae) Methods Seston (algae) sampled monthly, May to September 2003 Prefiltered through an 85 µm nylon mesh and collected on glass-fiber filters (0.7 µm pore size) Rinsed with 1% HCl to remove any carbonates Freezed-dried filters analyzed by Continuous Flow Elemental Analysis Coupled to Isotope Ratio Mass Spectroscopy
10 Seasonal Isotope Patterns in Lakes of Different Trophic Status Keuka, Otisco, and Onondaga deep, offshore sites Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, and Eutrophic
11 δ 13 C Stable Isotope Patterns In Seston May June July August Sept Keuka May June July August Otisco August Onondaga May June July Month Sept
12 Why The Changes in Seston δ 13 C Signatures? Switch in algal inorganic carbon source from dissolved CO 2 to HCO 3 - Fixation of previously respired dissolved CO 2
13 δ 15 N Stable Isotope Patterns In Seston May June May June July July 6.3 August Sept. August Keuka +3.8 Otisco June May July 8.4 August Sept. Onondaga Month
14 Why The Changes in Seston δ 15 N Signatures? Change in the availability of nitrogen nutrients (nitrate and ammonium) for algae more uptake of 15 N Increased recycling of organic nitrogen, possibly through microbial reprocessing
15 Summary Carbon and nitrogen isotope values exhibit seasonal variation in aquatic systems Seston (algae) stable isotope values become enriched (increase) over the summer & may be more pronouced in highly productive lakes Seasonal patterns in stable isotope values can aid in the interpretation of food webs
16 Future Work Measure carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of zooplankton and fish from Keuka, Otisco, and Onondaga Lake
17 Acknowledgements Mark Teece, Kim Schulz & Adam Storch Carla Cáceres, Chris Hotaling, Elaine Langer, Thomas Zengeya, & Jennifer Libertore Syracuse University Geology Department & Mike Cheatam National Science Foundation
18 Stable Isotopes and Food Web Diagrams Naturally Abundant Tracers Source Information: Where did our organic material originate? Food web diagrams Who s eating who? 1.) Distinguish between pelagic, benthic, and littoral carbon sources 2.) Understand trophic organization (producers, herbivores and predators) with nitrogen isotopes
19 Seasonal Variation In Seston Carbon (µg Org C/L) 300 µg Org. C/L May June July August Sept. Keuka Oligotrophic µg Org. C/L May June July August Otisco Mesotrophic July µg Org. C/L May June August Sept. Onondaga Eutrophic Month
20 Seasonal Shifts in δ 13 C & δ 15 N Lake Michigan δ 13 C June July August September Month Alewife Cercopagis Herbivorous Zooplankton Seston (Algae) Alewife δ 15 N Cercopagis Herbivorous Zooplankton Seston (Algae) 2 June July August September Month
21 Stable Carbon Isotope Values and Lake Productivity 0-5 Keuka δ 13 C Otisco Onondaga µg Org C/L
22 Average of All Finger Lakes Average -15 δ 13 C ( ) y = x R 2 = Seneca Cayuga Keuka Otisco Onondaga Average µg Organic C/L
23 Changes in Algal Isotope Values Seasonal δ 15 N - Seston - Lake Michigan 2002 Algal isotope values change more rapidly than their consumers δ 15 N July, 4.7 September, 6.0 Daphnia Month August, 2.3
24 Seasonal Shifts in δ 13 C Seasonal δ 13 C - Michigan 2003 Seston δ 13 C Total Herbivorous Zooplankton Cercopagis May June July August September Alewife Month
25 Differences in Bond Strength E n = ½(n+1)hv Energy E 0 for 12 C 12 C bond E 0 for 13 C C (lower vibrational frequency) C C bond length
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