METHODOLOGY: VCS Version 3

Transcription

1 METHODOLOGY TITLE METHODOLOGY: VCS Version 3 Tie Mehodoogy for Susainabe Grassand Managemen (SGM) Version Version 01 Dae of Issue Type Mehodoogy Secora Scope Secora scope: 14. Agricuure Foresry Land Use Specific projec ype: Agricuura Land Managemen (ALM) Prepared By Yue Li & Hongmin Dong Insiue of Environmen and Susainabe Deveopmen in Agricuure CAAS Reference Number Timm Tennigkei UNIQUE Andreas Wikes Word Agroforesry Cener China & Eas Asia Node Shiping Wang Norhwes Insiue of Paeau Bioogy CAS Benjamin Henderson and Pierre Gerber Anima Producion and Heah Division Lesie Lipper Agricuura Deveopmen Economics Division Food and Agricuura Organizaion of he Unied Naions. Conac 12 Zhongguancun Souh Sree Haidian Disric Beijing yuei@ami.ac.cn Reaionship o Approved or Pending Mehodoogies There is no simiar Mehodoogy approved under he VCS Program. There are wo reaed mehodoogies are under deveopmen. One is ALM Adopion of Susainabe Grassand Managemen hrough Adjusmen of Fire and Grazing. Anoher is Agricuura Land Managemen Improved Grassand Managemen. The former is appicabe ony o projecs where and is poeniay subjec o burning and widfires and where he use of cuivaion and feriizer for improved grassand managemen are unaowabe aciviies. The aer incudes some appicabiiy condiions such as a soi organic carbon mode appicabe o he projec area and increase he proporion of perennia species above he baseine scenario which may resric is appicabiiy o v3.0 1

2 poenia grassand managemen aciviies. The proposed mehodoogy is for improved grassand managemen aciviies no resriced by he above appicabiiy condiions. v3.0 2

3 Tabe of Conens 1 Sources Summary Descripion of he Mehodoogy Baseine mehodoogy Projec mehodoogy Leakage Monioring Pan Definiions Appicabiiy Condiions Projec Boundary Projec boundary Seeced carbon poos and emission sources Procedure for Deermining he Baseine Scenario Procedure for Demonsraing Addiionaiy Quanificaion of GHG Emission Reducions and Removas Baseine Emissions Baseine N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use Baseine emissions due o he use of N-fixing species Baseine emissions due o burning of biomass Baseine CH 4 emissions due o eneric fermenaion Baseine N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period Baseine CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for grassand managemen Baseine removas from exising woody perennias Baseine removas due o changes in soi organic carbon Toa baseine emissions and removas Projec Emissions Projec N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use Projec emissions due o he use of N-fixing species Projec emissions due o burning of biomass Projec CH 4 emissions due o eneric fermenaion v3.0 3

4 8.2.5 Projec N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for SGM Projec removas from woody perennias Projec removas due o changes in soi organic carbon Acua ne GHG emissions by sources and removas by sinks Leakage Summary of GHG emission reducion and/or removas Monioring Daa and parameers avaiabe a vaidaion Daa and Parameers Moniored Descripion of he Monioring Pan Monioring of Projec Impemenaion Samping Design and Sraificaion (Opion 2) Annex Annex I: Parameers and daa source if using defau vaues recommended by IPCC Annex II: Nirogen excreion Annex III: Average annua aboveground biomass incremen Annex IV: Mehane emission facor for eneric fermenaion Annex V: Too for esimaion of emissions due o dispacemen of grazing as par of SGM mehodoogy Appicabiiy assumpions and unis Procedure References and Oher Informaion v3.0 4

5 1 SOURCES This mehodoogy is based on he projec Three Rivers Grassand Carbon Sequesraion Projec in Qinghai Province China. The projec wi inroduce improved grassand managemen pracices such as improving he roaion of grazing animas beween summer and winer pasures imiing he iming and number of grazing animas on degraded pasures and resoraion of severey degraded ands by repaning wih perennia grasses and ensuring appropriae managemen over he ong-erm. The foowing oos wi be appied: Too for he idenificaion of degraded or degrading ands for consideraion in impemening A/R CDM projec aciviies 1 ; Too for he Demonsraion and Assessmen of Addiionaiy in VCS Agricuure Foresry and Oher Land Use (AFOLU) Projec Aciviies 2 ; Esimaion of carbon socks and change in carbon socks of rees and shrubs in A/R CDM projec aciviies 3 ; Cacuaion of he number of sampe pos for measuremens wihin A/R CDM projec aciviies 4 ; Too for esing significance of GHG emissions in A/R CDM projec aciviies 5. Esimaion of he increase in GHG emissions aribuabe o dispacemen of pre-projec agricuura aciviies in A/R CDM projec aciviy ar-am-oo-15-v1 2 SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY The mehodoogy aims o esimae he reducion of greenhouse gas emissions from grassand and increase grassand soi organic carbon sock by appying susainabe grassand managemen pracices (SGM). Carbon sock enhancemen wihin he projec boundary in above ground and soi carbon poos is considered. This mehodoogy is appicabe o projecs ha inroduce SGM ino a grassand andscape subjec o condiions such ha he soi organic carbon woud remain consan or decrease in he absence of he projec. Where biogeochemica modes can be demonsraed o be appicabe in he projec region hey may be used in esimaion of soi carbon poo changes. Where such modes are no appicabe he mehodoogy provides guidance for esimaion of soi organic carbon poo changes using direc measuremen mehods. 1 hp://cdm.unfccc.in/mehodoogies/armehodoogies/oos/ar-am-oo-13-v1.pdf 2 hp:// 3 hp://cdm.unfccc.in/mehodoogies/armehodoogies/oos/ar-am-oo-14-v2.1.0.pdf 4 hp://cdm.unfccc.in/mehodoogies/armehodoogies/oos/ar-am-oo-03-v2.1.0.pdf 5 hp://cdm.unfccc.in/mehodoogies/armehodoogies/oos/ar-am-oo-04-v1.pdf v3.0 5

6 2.1 Baseine mehodoogy The baseine emissions and removas are esimaed using he foowing seps: 1. Idenify and deineae he projec boundary; 2. Idenify he baseine scenario and demonsrae addiionaiy; 3. Esimae he annua emissions from he use of synheic feriizers; 4. Esimae he annua emissions from he use of n-fixing species; 5. Esimae he annua emissions from he burning of grass; 6. Esimae he annua CH 4 emissions from eneric fermenaion; 7. Esimae he annua emissions from manure deposiion during grazing; 8. Esimae he annua CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for GM; 9. Esimae he annua removas from exising woody perennias; and 10. Esimae he equiibrium soi organic carbon in he baseine assuming no changes in grassand managemen pracices or inpus. 2.2 Projec mehodoogy The projec emissions and removas are esimaed using he foowing seps: 1. Esimae he annua emissions from he use of synheic feriizers; 2. Esimae he annua emissions from he use of n-fixing species; 3. Esimae he annua emissions from he burning of grass; 4. Esimae he annua CH 4 emissions from eneric fermenaion; 5. Esimae he annua emissions from manure deposiion during grazing; 6. Esimae he annua CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for SGM; 7. Esimae he annua emissions and removas from woody perennias; and 8. Projec removas due o changes in soi organic carbon. 2.3 Leakage GHG emissions by sources and removas by sinks caused by changes in grazing of ivesock wihin and ouside he projec boundary in he projec and baseine scenarios. 2.4 Monioring Pan 3 DINITIONS The foowing definiions are specific o his mehodoogy: 1. Susainabe grassand managemen: Aciviies on ands faing under he VCS definiion for Grassand incuding improving he roaion of grazing animas beween pasures imiing he v3.0 6

7 number of grazing animas on degraded pasures and resoraion of severey degraded ands by repaning wih perennia grasses and ensuring appropriae managemen over he ong-erm. 2. Significance: The sum of increase in greenhouse gas emissions from he increase in he number of ivesock dispacemen of manure increase in fossi fues from agricuura managemen and increase of fossi fues for cooking as a resu of he projec is insignifican if i is ess han 5% of he emission reducions by he projec. Acronyms used in his mehodoogy: 1. SGM: Susainabe grassand managemen. 2. SOC: Soi organic carbon. 3. AEZ: Agroecoogica Zone. 4. Pps:projec proponens. 4 APPLICABILITY CONDITIONS This mehodoogy is appicabe o projecs ha inroduce susainabe grassand managemen pracices ino a grassand andscape subjec o he foowing condiions: a) Land is grassand a he sar of he projec; b) Grassand o be susainaby managed is degraded (due o physica consrains as we as anhropogenic acions) and he ands are si degrading i6 ; c) There is no dispacemen of manure from ouside he projec boundary o wihin he projec boundary; d) There is no significan increase of use of fossi fues fue wood from non-renewabe sources for cooking and heaing as a resu of he projec aciviy; e) There is no significan change in manure managemen sysems wihin he projec boundary; f) The projec aciviy does no incude and use change. To carify seeding fodder grasses or egumes on degraded grassand is no considered a and-use change aciviy; g) If here are sudies (for exampe scienific journas universiy heses or work carried ou by he projec proponens) ha demonsrae ha he use of he seeced mode ii7 is vaid for he projec region or a simiar agroecoogica zone (AEZ) 8 he mode can be appied for esimaing of carbon sock changes for he SGM VCS projec. Oherwise direc measuremen of acua carbon socks wi be carried ou; 6 The aes version of he Too for he idenificaion of degraded or degrading ands for consideraion in impemening A/R CDM projec aciviies 6 sha be appied for demonsraing ha ands are degraded or degrading. 7 The use of he seeced mode is appropriae for 2006 IPCC AFOLU Guideines. The mode o be appied in he SGM VCS projec shoud be capabe of represening he reevan managemen pracices of he projec and ha he mode inpus (i.e. driving variabes) are vaidaed from he projec region-specific ocaions ha are represenaives of he variabiiy of cimae soi and managemen sysems. 8 The deais of goba agroecoogica zones cassificaion ouined by Food and Agricuura Organizaion of Unied Naions (FAO) Rome Iay and Inernaiona Insiue for Appied Sysems Anaysis Laxenburg Ausria are avaiabe a: hp:// v3.0 7

8 h) Regions where precipiaion is ess or equa o poenia evaporaion in same period. The indirec N 2 O emission from each and runoff is no considered according o Chaper 11 Voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines. 5 PROJECT BOUNDARY 5.1 Projec boundary The projec boundary geographicay deineaes ha he grassands wih susainabe grassand managemen pracice are under conro of he projec paricipans. The SGM VCS projec aciviy may conain more han one discree area of and. A he ime he PDD is vaidaed he foowing sha be defined: Each discree area of and sha have a unique geographica idenificaion; Aggregaion of grassand properies wih muipe andowners is permied under he mehodoogy wih aggregaed areas reaed as a singe projec area; The projec paricipans sha describe ega ie o ownership or excusive use of he grassand righs of access o he sequesered carbon and avoided GHG emissions; The projec paricipans sha jusify ha during he crediing period each discree area of and is expeced o be subjec o a SGM projec aciviy under he conro of he projec paricipans. 5.2 Seeced carbon poos and emission sources Tabe 1: Seeced Carbon poos Carbon poos Above ground Beow ground Seeced Carbon poos Opiona Opiona Expanaion / jusificaion In cacuaing he baseine ne greenhouse gas removas by sinks and/or acua ne greenhouse gas removas by sinks projec paricipans can choose no o accoun for above-ground biomass. This is subjec o he provision of ransparen and verifiabe informaion ha he choice wi no increase he expeced ne anhropogenic greenhouse gas removas by sinks. In cacuaing he baseine ne greenhouse gas removas by sinks and/or acua ne greenhouse gas removas by sinks projec paricipans can choose no o accoun for beow-ground biomass. This is subjec o he provision of ransparen and verifiabe informaion ha he choice wi no increase he expeced ne anhropogenic greenhouse gas removas by sinks. Dead wood No None of he appicabe SGM pracices decrease dead wood. Thus v3.0 8

9 i can be conservaivey ignored. METHODOLOGY: VCS Version 3 Lier No None of he appicabe SGM pracices decrease he amoun of ier. Thus i can be conservaivey ignored. Soi organic carbon Yes A major carbon poo covered by SGM pracices. Tabe 2: Seeced GHG sources and gases Source Gas Incuded? Jusificaion/Expanaion Baseine Use of feriizers Use of N- fixing species Burning of biomass Manure deposiion on grassand Farming machine Eneric fermenaion CO 2 NO No appicabe. CH 4 NO No appicabe. N 2 O Yes Main gas for his source. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO No appicabe. CH 4 NO No appicabe. N 2 O Yes Main gas for his source. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO CO 2 emissions from biomass burning in grassand are no repored since hey are argey baanced by he CO 2 ha is reincorporaed back ino biomass via phoosynheic aciviy wihin weeks o a few years afer burning. CH 4 Yes Non-CO 2 emissions from he burning of biomass. N 2 O Yes Non-CO 2 emissions from he burning of biomass. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO CO 2 emissions from biomass decomposiion is no repored. CH 4 NO No main gas for his source. Excuded for simpificaion. N 2 O Yes Main gas for his source. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 Yes Main gas for his source. CH 4 NO No main gas for his source. Excuded for simpificaion. N 2 O NO No main gas for his source. Excuded for simpificaion. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO CO 2 emission from eneric fermenaion is no repored. CH 4 Yes Main gas for his source.. N 2 O NO No N 2 O emission from eneric fermenaion. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO No appicabe. CH 4 NO No appicabe. N 2 O Yes Main gas for his source. v3.0 9

10 Use of N- fixing species Burning of biomass Manure deposiion on grassand Farming machine Eneric fermenaion Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO No appicabe. CH 4 NO No appicabe. N 2 O Yes Main gas for his source. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO CO 2 emissions from biomass burning in grassand are no repored since hey are argey baanced by he CO 2 ha is reincorporaed back ino biomass via phoosynheic aciviy wihin weeks o a few years afer burning. CH 4 Yes Non-CO 2 emissions from he burning of biomass. N 2 O Yes Non-CO 2 emissions from he burning of biomass. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO CO 2 emissions from biomass decomposiion is no repored. CH 4 NO No main gas for his source. Excuded for simpificaion. N 2 O Yes Main gas for his source. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 Yes Main gas for his source. CH 4 NO No main gas for his source. Excuded for simpificaion. N 2 O NO No main gas for his source. Excuded for simpificaion. Oher NO No appicabe. CO 2 NO CO 2 emission from eneric fermenaion is no repored. CH 4 Yes Main gas for his source. N 2 O NO No N 2 O emission from eneric fermenaion. Oher NO No appicabe. 6 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE BASELINE SCENARIO Projec proponens sha use he mos recen version of he Too for he Demonsraion and Assessmen of Addiionaiy in VCS Agricuure Foresry and Oher Land Use (AFOLU) Projec Aciviies o idenify he mos pausibe baseine scenario. 7 PROCEDURE FOR DEMONSTRATING ADDITIONALITY Projec paricipans sha use he mos recen version of he Too for he Demonsraion and Assessmen of Addiionaiy in VCS Agricuure Foresry and Oher Land Use (AFOLU) Projec Aciviies o jusify addiionaiy. v3.0 10

11 8 QUANTIFICATION OF GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS 8.1 Baseine Emissions Baseine N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use Baseine N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use incude wo componens: 1) Baseine direc N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use; 2) Baseine indirec N 2 O emission from he synheic nirogen feriizer use. Toa baseine N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use equas baseine direc N 2 O emission pus indirec N 2 O emission as described in equaion (1). BE = GWP BE + BE ) (1) N ( 2 OSN N2O D N 2OSN ID N 2OSN BE 2 N O SN Toa baseine N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use CO 2 e BED N 2 O SN Baseine direc N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use N 2 O BEID N 2O SN Baseine indirec N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use N 2 O GWP 2 N O Goba warming poenia for N 2 O 1) Baseine direc N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use The baseine direc N 2 O emission from synheic feriizer use BED N 2 O SN is cacuaed using IPCC mehodoogy recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines for Naiona Greenhouse Gas Invenories iii (hereafer 2006 IPCC Guideines ) as described in equaion (2): BE D N 2 O = FSN B 1 SN 44/ 28 (2) F SN B Annua amoun of synheic feriiser N appied o grassand sois under baseine adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x N. equaion (3) beow F SN B can be cacuaed according o 1 N 2 O emission facor for synheic N feriiser use kg N 2 O-N (kg N appied) -1 44/28 Projec paricipans may use N 2 O emission facors from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe defau N 2 O emission facor recommended by he 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.1 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) Conversion of N 2 O-N o N 2 O F I SN B = M SNi B NCSNi B 1 FracGAS F i) i= 1 ( (3) v3.0 11

12 M SNi B Mass of synheic N feriizer ype i appied under baseine N NC Nirogen conen of synheic N feriizer ype i appied g-n (g feriizer) -1 SNi B Frac GAS F i Fracion of synheic N feriizer ype i ha voaiises as NH 3 and NO x kg N voaiised (kg of N appied) -1. Projec paricipans may use vaues ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific vaues are unavaiabe defau daa recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.3 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) i Index of synheic N feriizer ypes 2) Baseine indirec N 2 O emission from synheic N feriizer use Indirec N 2 O emission from he synheic N feriizer use excuding N 2 O emissions from eaching and runoff in regions where eaching and runoff occurs according o he appicabiiy condiions as described in equaion (4). BEID N O E = GWP SN N O BE 2 2 IDV N 2O SN (4) BEID N 2 O SN Annua baseine indirec N 2 O emission from he synheic N feriizer use in baseine CO 2 e BEIDV N 2 O SN Annua baseine indirec N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized as NH 3 and NO x from feriizer appied N 2 O Indirec N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized The N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiised NH 3 and NO x from feriized grassand is esimaed using Equaion (5). BE IDV I N O = ( FSNi B FracGAS F i ) 4 44 / 28 2 SN i= 1 (5) 4 Emission facor for N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N on sois and waer surfaces [kg N 2 O-N (kg NH 3 -N + NO x -N voaiised) -1 ]. Projec paricipans may use 4 from he peer reviewed scienific ieraures ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe defau 4 recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.3 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) v3.0 12

13 8.1.2 Baseine emissions due o he use of N-fixing species METHODOLOGY: VCS Version 3 The baseine emissions from he use of N-fixing species as foows: BE N O NF 2 a can be esimaed using equaions 2 = 44/ 28 (6) BEN O NF FCR B 1 GWPN 2 O BEN 2 O NF N 2 O emission as a resu of n-fixing species wihin he projec boundary under baseine CO 2 e F CR B Annua amoun of N in N-fixing grass (above and beow ground) and from forage/pasure renewa reurned o sois under baseine N. 1 Emission Facor for N 2 O emissions from N inpus of n-fixing species o grassand soi kg N 2 O-N (kg N inpu) -1. Projec paricipans may use N 2 O emission facors from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe defau N 2 O emission facor recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.1 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) F CR B = G g = 1 Area g B Crop g B N conen g B (7) Area g B Annua area of N-fixing species g under baseine ha Exper survey wihin he projec boundary before he sar of he projec aciviy o obain Area g B daa. Crop g B Annua dry maer incuding above ground and beow ground reurned grassand sois for N-fixing species g under baseine dm ha -1 Projec paricipans may use Crop from he peer reviewed scienific g B ieraures ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe exper survey wihin he projec boundary before he sar of he projec aciviy shoud be carried ou o obain Crop g B daa. N conen g B Fracion of N in dry maer for N-fixing species g under baseine N m -1 Projec paricipans may use N conen g B daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific N conen g B daa are unavaiabe exper survey wihin he projec boundary before he sar v3.0 13

14 of he projec aciviy shoud be carried o obain N conen g B daa. g Index of N-fixing species These equaions can be used for boh ex ane and ex pos esimaion of he nirous oxide emissions from he use of nirogen fixing species wihin he boundary of a SGM VCS projec aciviy. For ex pos esimaion purposes aciviy daa (quaniies of N reurned o grassand soi) are moniored or esimaed Baseine emissions due o burning of biomass The baseine emissions due o burning of biomass BE BB ony incude CH 4 and N 2 O emissions wih he assumpion ha he CO 2 emissions woud be counerbaanced by CO 2 removas from he subsequen regrowh of he vegeaion wihin one year. The baseine oa GHG emissions equas CH 4 emission from biomass burning pus N 2 O emission from biomass burning as described in equaion (8). BEBB BECH + BE 4 BB N2O BB = (8) BE BB Toa baseine GHG emissions from biomass burning under baseine CO 2 e BE 4 Baseine CH 4 emission from biomass burning under baseine CO 2 e CH BB BEN 2 O BB Baseine N 2 O emission from biomass burning under baseine CO 2 e 1) CH 4 emission from biomass burning CH 4 emission from biomass burning can be cacuaed using equaion (9). BE CH4BB = A M B C GWP 3 B B f CH 10 4 CH4 (9) A B Area burned under baseine ha M B B Above ground biomass burned under baseine ha -1. C f Combusion facor dimensioness. Projec paricipans may use C f daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counryspecific C f daa are unavaiabe defau 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. C f vaues in Tabe 2.6 of Chaper 2 voume CH 4 CH 4 emission facor for biomass burning g kg -1 dry maer burn. Projec paricipans may use CH 4 daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific CH 4 daa are unavaiabe defau vaues in abe 2.5 of Chaper 2 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. CH 4 v3.0 14

15 GWP CH 4 Goba warming poenia for CH 4 2) N 2 O emission from biomass burning N 2 O emission from biomass burning can be cacuaed using equaion (10). BE 3 N 2 O = AB M B C B f N O GWPN O BB (10) N 2 O N 2 O emission facor g kg-1 dry maer burn. Projec paricipans may use N 2 O daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he N O projec area. When counry-specific 2 N O daa are unavaiabe defau 2 vaues in abe 2.5 of Chaper 2 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used Baseine CH 4 emissions due o eneric fermenaion Baseine CH 4 emission from eneric fermenaion is cacuaed based on he IPCC mehodoogy recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines equaion (11). BE L CH = GWP 4 CH 4 P B = (11) BE CH Baseine CH emission from eneric fermenaion in year CO e P B Popuaion of ivesock ype under baseine head Index of ivesock ype Eneric CH 4 emission facor per head of ivesock ype per year kg CH 4 head -1 year -1. Projec paricipans may use specific for he projec area. When counry-specific daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are daa are unavaiabe defau vaues can be aken from abes of he 2006 IPCC Guideines. See Annex IV of his mehodoogy Baseine N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period The baseine emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period incude wo pars: 1) Baseine direc N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period; 2) Baseine indirec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period. v3.0 15

16 Toa baseine N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi equas baseine direc N 2 O emission pus baseine indirec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period is cacuaed as described in equaion (12). BE = GWP BE + BE ) (12) N ( 2 OMD N2O D N 2OMD ID N 2OMD BEN 2 O MD Toa baseine N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi in baseine CO 2 e BED N 2 O MD Baseine direc N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period under baseine N 2 O BEID N 2 O MD Baseine indirec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period under baseine N 2 O. 1) Baseine direc N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi Baseine direc N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi is cacuaed using IPCC mehodoogy recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines as described in equaion (13 or 14). 2 L1 BED N O = FMD 1 B 3 PRP CPP 44 / 28 MD 1= 1 (13) Or 2 L2 BED N O = FMD 2 B 3 PRP SO 44/ 28 MD 2= 1 (14) F MD 1 B Annua amoun of nirogen in cae poury and pigs manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x -N under baseine. F MD 1 B can be cacuaed according o equaion (15) F MD 2 B Annua amoun of nirogen in sheep and oher animas manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x -N ibaseine. F MD 2 B can be cacuaed according o equaion (15) 3 PRP CPP N 2 O emission facor for cae (dairy non-dairy and buffao) poury and pigs manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period kg N 2 O-N (kg N inpu) -1. Projec paricipans may use 3 PRP CPP daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific 3 PRP CPP daa are unavaiabe defau 3 PRP CPP vaues in abe 11.1 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. v3.0 16

17 3 PRP SO N 2 O emission facor for sheep and oher animas manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period kg N 2 O-N (kg N inpu) -1. Projec paricipans may use 3 PRP SO daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific unavaiabe defau Guideines can be used. 3 PRP SO daa are 3 PRP SO vaues in abe 11.1 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC 1 2 Index of ivesock cae poury and pigs Index of ivesock sheep and oher animas F = P B W Nex 1000 a H B 24 Gdays B 1000b (1 FracGAS MD ) (15) MD B P B Popuaion of ivesock ype under baseine head W Average weigh of ivesock kg head -1. Projec paricipans may use daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When specific daa are unavaiabe for he projec region defau vaues can be aken from abes 10A.1~10A.9 in Chaper 10 voume 4 of he 2006 IPCC Guideines Nex Nirogen excreion kg/1000 kg anima mass/day. Projec paricipans may use Nex daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific Nex daa are unavaiabe defau Nex vaues in abe of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines 1000 a Conversion of nirogen excreion (kg/1000 kg ivesock mass) o nirogen excreion (kg/kg ivesock mass) 1000 H B 24 Average grazing hours per day during grazing season h 24 hours a day G days B Grazing days under baseine day 1000 b Conversion kg o Frac GAS MD Fracion of voaiisaion from dung and urine deposied by grazing animas as NH 3 and NO x kg N voaiised (kg of N deposied) -1. Projec paricipans may use Frac GAS MD daa from he peer reviewed scienific v3.0 17

18 ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific Frac GAS MD daa are unavaiabe defau Frac GAS MD vaues in abe 11.3 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. Index of grazing ivesock ypes 2) Baseine indirec N 2 O emissions from urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois Indirec N 2 O emission from urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois incuding N 2 O emissions from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized from urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois. N 2 O emission from eaching and runoff is no considered according o he appicaion condiions. Indirec N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized of urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois The Indirec N 2 O emissions from amospheric deposiion of N voaiised of urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois is esimaed using Equaion (16). BE IDV L N O = FMD B FracGAS MD 4 44 / 28 2 MD = 1 (16) 4 N 2 O emission facor for amospheric deposiion of manure N on sois and waer surfaces under projec aciviy [kg N 2 O-N (kg NH 3 -N + NO x -N voaiised) -1 ]. Projec paricipans may use 4 daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific 4 daa are unavaiabe defau 4 vaues in abe 11.3 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used Baseine CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for grassand managemen Equaion (17) is appied o cacuae CO 2 emissions from consumpion of fossi fues for SGM under baseine scenario. BE FC = K J P k= 1 j= 1 p= 1 FC 2 NCV 1000 (17) p j k B CO k k where BE Baseine CO 2 emissions from farming machine fossi fue FC consumpion in sraum a under baseine scenario CO 2 FC Fue consumpion by ype k machine ype j parce grassand p p j k B under baseine kg yr -1 CO k 2 CO 2 emission facor by fue ype k (CO 2 GJ -1 ) v3.0 18

19 NCV Therma vaue of fue ype k (GJ -1 ) k METHODOLOGY: VCS Version 3 k j p Index of fue ype Index of machine ype Index of grassand parce Baseine removas from exising woody perennias Where proponens choose o incude above and beow ground woody biomass poos BRWP is cacuaed using he A/R Working Group Too Esimaion of carbon socks and change in carbon socks of rees and shrubs in A/R CDM projec aciviies iv. Where proponens choose no o incude above and beow ground woody biomass poos baseine removas BRWP are assumed o be zero. Carbon gain-oss approach wi be appied o esimaion of he change in carbon socks in exising woody vegeaion. The change in carbon socks of exising ive woody biomass for each species in each vegeaion cass of a sraum can be wrien as: BRWP = C BG j CBL j (18) where: BRWP Average ne change in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j under baseine; CO 2 yr -1 C BG Average increase in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j under j baseine; CO 2 yr -1 C BL Average oss in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j under j baseine; CO 2 yr -1 As noed under he assumpions used in deveoping his mehodoogica oo no expici accouning of he erm represening sock osses C BL j is incuded in his oo: ha is C BG j is assumed o be a measure of ne growh incremen and hus o impiciy accouns for. C BL j The average increase in carbon socks in exising ive woody biomass for each species in a sraum can be wrien as: C 44 BG j = AB s G j B CFj (19) 12 where: v3.0 19

20 C BG Average increase in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j under j baseine; CO 2 yr -1 A Area of sraum S under baseine; ha B s G Average increase in exising woody biomass of species j under baseine; d.m ha -1 j B yr -1 CF j Carbon fracion for species j (defau vaues: 0.50 and 0.49 for ree and shrub species respecivey); C ( d.m.) Raio of moecuar weighs of CO 2 and C; g mo -1 (g mo -1 ) The average annua increase in exising ive woody biomass socks for each species in a vegeaion cass in a sraum can be esimaed from: where: j B G = G (1 + R ) (20) j B AB j B j G Average increase in exising woody biomass of species j under baseine; d.m ha -1 G AB j B yr -1 Average increase in exising above-ground woody biomass of species j; d.m ha -1 yr -1 R Roo: shoo raio of species j; d.m. ( d.m.) -1 j Baseine removas due o changes in soi organic carbon Since he appicabiiy condiions imi he projec o ands ha are degrading i can be conservaivey assumed ha he baseine removas due o changes in SOC are zero. Therefore BRS = 0 BRS Baseine removas due o changes in soi organic carbon under baseine CO 2 e Toa baseine emissions and removas The oa baseine emissions and removas are given by: BE = BE N 2OSN + BE N2ONF + BE BB + BE CH4 + BE GHGMD + BE FC + BRWP BRS (21) BE Toa baseine emissions and removas CO 2 e v3.0 20

21 BEN 2 O SN Baseine N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use CO 2 e BEN 2 O NF Baseine N 2 O emission as a resu of n-fixing species CO 2 e BE Baseine emissions due o he use of N-fixing species CO 2 e BB BE 4 CH Baseine CH 4 emission due o eneric fermenaion CO 2 e BEN 2 O MD Baseine N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand during he grazing period CO 2 e BE Baseine CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for GM CO 2 e FC BRWP BRS Baseine removas from exising woody perennias CO 2 e Baseine removas due o changes in soi organic carbon CO 2 e 8.2 Projec Emissions Projec N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use Projec N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use incude wo componens: 1) Projec direc N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use; 2) Indirec N 2 O emission from he synheic nirogen feriizer use. Toa projec N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use equas projec direc N 2 O emission pus indirec N 2 O emission as described in equaion (22). PE = GWP PE + PE ) (22) N ( D N O ID N O 2OSN N 2O 2 SN 2 SN PE N 2O SN Toa projec N 2 O emissions due o feriizer use in year CO 2 e PE D N 2O Projec direc N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use in year N 2 O SN PE ID N 2O Projec indirec N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use in year N 2 O SN GWP 2 N O Goba warming poenia of N 2 O 1) Projec direc N 2 O emission from synheic nirogen feriizer use The projec direc N 2 O emission from synheic feriizer use is cacuaed using IPCC mehodoogy recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines as described in equaion (23): PE = F D N 2 O SN p 1 SN 44/ 28 (23) F SN p Annua amoun of synheic feriiser N appied o grassand sois under projec v3.0 21

22 aciviy adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x in year N. cacuaed according o equaion (24) beow F SN p can be 1 44/28 N 2 O emission facor for synheic N feriiser use kg N 2 O-N (kg N appied) -1. Projec paricipans may use N 2 O emission facors from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe defau N 2 O emission facor recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.1 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) Conversion of N 2 O-N o N 2 O F I SN p = M SNi p NCSNi p ( 1 FracGAS F i) i= 1 (24) M SNi p Mass of synheic N feriizer ype i appied under projec aciviy in year N NC Nirogen conen of synheic N feriizer ype i appied g-n (g feriizer) -1 SNi p Frac GAS F i Fracion of synheic N feriiser ype i ha voaiises as NH 3 and NO x kg N voaiised (kg of N appied) -1. Projec paricipans may use specific vaues ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific vaues are unavaiabe defau daa recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.3 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) i Year Index of synheic N feriizer ypes 2) Indirec N 2 O emission from he synheic N feriizer use under projec aciviy Indirec N 2 O emission from he synheic N feriizer use incuding N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized as NH 3 and NO x from feriizer appied under projec aciviy. N 2 O emissions from eaching and runoff is no considered according o appicaion condiions. Indirec N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized The N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiised NH 3 and NO x from feriized grassand under projec aciviy is esimaed using Equaion (25). PE IDV I N O = ( FSNi p FracGAS F i) 4 44/ 28 2 SN i= 1 (25) v3.0 22

23 4 Emission facor for N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N on sois and waer surfaces [kg N 2 O-N (kg NH 3 -N + NO x -N voaiised) -1 ]. Projec paricipans may use 4 from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe defau 4 recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.3 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) Projec emissions due o he use of N-fixing species The projec emissions from he use of N-fixing species foows: PE N O NF 2 a can be esimaed using equaions as 2 = 44/ 28 (26) PEN O NF FCR p 1 GWPN 2 O PE N2O NF Projec N 2 O emission as a resu of n-fixing species wihin he projec boundary in year CO 2 e F CR p Annua amoun of N in N-fixing grass (above and beow ground) and from forage/pasure renewa reurned o sois under projec aciviy in year N. 1 Emission Facor for N 2 O emissions from N inpus of n-fixing species o grassand soi kg N 2 O-N (kg N inpu) -1. Projec paricipans may use N 2 O emission facors from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe defau N 2 O emission facor recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used (Tabe 11.1 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines) F CR p = G g = 1 Area g p Crop g p N conen p g (27) Area g p Toa annua area of N-fixing species g in year under projec aciviy ha Exper survey wihin he projec boundary under projec aciviy shoud be carried ou o obain Area g p daa. Crop g p Annua dry maer incuding above ground and beow ground reurned grassand sois for N-fixing species g under projec aciviy in year dm ha -1 Projec paricipans may use Crop g p from he peer reviewed scienific ieraures ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific facors are unavaiabe exper survey wihin he projec boundary under he projec aciviy v3.0 23

24 shoud be carried ou o obain Crop g p daa. N conen p g Fracion of N in dry maer for N-fixing species g N dm -1 Projec paricipans may use N conen p g from he peer reviewed scienific ieraures ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific N conen p g daa are unavaiabe exper survey wihin he projec boundary under projec aciviy shoud be carried o obain N conen p g daa. g Index of N-fixing species Projec emissions due o burning of biomass The projec emissions due o burning of biomass ony incude CH 4 and N 2 O emissions wih an assumpion ha he CO 2 emissions woud be counerbaanced by CO 2 removas from he subsequen regrowh of he vegeaion wihin one year. The projec oa GHG emissions equas CH 4 emission from biomass burning pus N 2 O emission from biomass burning under projec aciviy as described in equaion (28). PE = (28) BB PECH BB + PE 4 N2OBB PE BB Toa projec GHG emissions from biomass burning in year CO 2 e PE 4 Projec CH 4 emission from biomass burning in year CO 2 e CH BB PE N2O BB Projec N 2 O emission from biomass burning in year CO 2 e 1) CH 4 emission from biomass burning under projec aciviy CH 4 emission from biomass burning can be cacuaed using equaion (29). PE = A M C GWP 3 CH 4 10 BB p B p f CH 4 CH 4 (29) PE CH4 BB Amoun of CH 4 emission from biomass burning in year under projec aciviy in year CO 2 e A p Area burned under projec aciviy in year ha M B p Above ground biomass burned excude ier and dead wood under projec aciviy in year onnes ha -1. C f Combusion facor dimensioness. Projec paricipans may use C f daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry- v3.0 24

25 specific C f daa are unavaiabe defau voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. METHODOLOGY: VCS Version 3 C f vaues in Tabe 2.6 of Chaper 2 CH 4 CH 4 emission facor g kg -1 dry maer burn. Projec paricipans may use CH 4 daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific CH 4 daa are unavaiabe defau Chaper 2 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. CH 4 vaues in abe 2.5 of 2) N 2 O emission from biomass burning under projec aciviy N 2 O emission from biomass burning can be cacuaed using equaion (30). PE 3 N 2 O = Ap M B p C f N O GWPN O BB (30) N 2 O N 2 O emission facor g kg -1 dry maer burn. Projec paricipans may use N O 2 daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific N 2 O daa are unavaiabe defau N 2 O vaues in abe 2.5 of Chaper 2 voume 4 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used Projec CH 4 emissions due o eneric fermenaion Projec CH 4 emission from eneric fermenaion is cacuaed based on IPCC mehodoogy recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines equaion (31). PE L CH 4 = GWPCH 4 P p = (31) PE CH 4 Projec CH 4 emission from eneric fermenaion in year CO 2 e P p Popuaion of ivesock ype in year under projec aciviy head Index of ivesock ype Eneric CH 4 emission facor per head of ivesock ype per year kg CH 4 head -1 year -1. Projec paricipans may use specific for he projec area. When counry-specific daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are daa are unavaiabe defau vaues can be aken from abes of he 2006 IPCC Guideines. v3.0 25

26 8.2.5 Projec N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period The projec emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period incude wo pars: 1) Projec direc N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period; 2) Projec indirec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period. Toa projec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi is cacuaed as described in equaion (32). PE = GWP PE + PE ) (32) N ( 2OMD N2O D N 2OMD ID N 2OMD PE N 2O MD Toa projec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi in year CO 2 e PE D N 2O Projec direc N 2 O emissions from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi MD during he grazing period in year N 2 O PE ID N 2O Projec indirec N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand MD soi during he grazing period in year N 2 O. 1) Projec direc N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi Projec direc N 2 O emission from manure and urine deposied on grassand soi is cacuaed using IPCC mehodoogy recommended by 2006 IPCC Guideines as described in equaion (33 or 34). 2 L1 PED N O = FMD p 1 3 PRP CPP 44/ 28 MD 1= 1 (33) Or 2 L2 PED N O = FMD p 2 3 PRP SO 44/ 28 MD 2= 1 (34) F MD p 1 Annua amoun of nirogen in cae poury and pigs manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x -N in year. FMD p 1 can be cacuaed according o equaion (35) F MD p 2 Annua amoun of nirogen in sheep and oher animas manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x -N in year. FMD p 2 can be cacuaed according o equaion (35) 3 PRP CPP N 2 O emission facor for cae (dairy non-dairy and buffao) poury and pigs manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period kg N 2 O-N (kg N inpu) -1. Projec paricipans may use 3 PRP CPP daa from he peer reviewed v3.0 26

27 scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific 3 PRP CPP daa are unavaiabe defau 3 PRP CPP vaues in abe 11.1 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. 3 PRP SO N 2 O emission facor for sheep and oher animas manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period kg N 2 O-N (kg N inpu) -1. Projec paricipans may use 3 PRP SO daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific unavaiabe defau Guideines can be used. 3 PRP SO daa are 3 PRP SO vaues in abe 11.1 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC F = P p W Nex 1000 a H p 24 Gdays p 1000b (1 FracGAS MD ) (35) MD p P p Popuaion of ivesock ype in year under projec aciviy head W Nex Average weigh of ivesock under projec aciviy kg head -1. Projec paricipans may use daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When specific daa are unavaiabe for he projec region defau vaues can be aken from abes 10A.1~10A.9 in Chaper 10 voume 4 of he 2006 IPCC Guideines Nirogen excreion kg/1000 kg anima mass/day. Projec paricipans may use Nex daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines Nex daa are unavaiabe defau Nex vaues in abe a Conversion of nirogen excreion (kg/1000 kg ivesock mass) o nirogen excreion (kg/kg ivesock mass) 1000 H p Average grazing hours per day during grazing season under projec aciviy in year h hours a day G days p Grazing days in year under projec aciviy day 1000 b Conversion kg o 1000 Frac GAS MD Fracion of voaiisaion from dung and urine deposied by grazing animas as NH 3 and NO x kg N voaiised (kg of N deposied) -1. Projec paricipans may use v3.0 27

28 Frac GAS MD daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific Frac GAS MD daa are unavaiabe defau Frac GAS MD vaues in abe 11.3 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used. Year Index of grazing ivesock ypes 2) Projec indirec N 2 O emissions from urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois Projec indirec N 2 O emission from urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois incuding N 2 O emissions from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized from urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois. N 2 O emission from eaching and runoff is considered according o appicaion condiions. Indirec N 2 O emission from amospheric deposiion of N voaiized of urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois Indirec N 2 O emissions from amospheric deposiion of N voaiised of urine and dung N deposied on grassand sois is esimaed using Equaion (36). PE IDV L N O = FMD p FracGAS MD 4 44/ 28 2 MD = 1 (36) F MD p Annua amoun of nirogen in manure and urine deposied on grassand soi during he grazing period for ivesock ype under projec aciviy adjused for voaiizaion as NH 3 and NO x -N in year. 4 N 2 O emission facor for amospheric deposiion of manure N on sois and waer surfaces under projec aciviy [kg N 2 O-N (kg NH 3 -N + NO x -N voaiised) -1 ]. Projec paricipans may use 4 daa from he peer reviewed scienific ieraure ha are specific for he projec area. When counry-specific 4 daa are unavaiabe defau 4 vaues in abe 11.3 of Chaper 11 of 2006 IPCC Guideines can be used CO 2 emissions due o he use of fossi fues for SGM Equaion (37) is appied o cacuae CO 2 emissions from consumpion of fossi fues for SGM under projec aciviy. PE FC K J P = FCp j k p CO 2 k NCVk 1000 k = 1 j = 1 p= 1 (37) v3.0 28

29 where PE CO 2 emissions from farming machine fossi fue consumpion in sraum a in FC year under projec aciviy CO 2 FC Fue consumpion by ype k machine ype j parce grassand p in year under p j k p projec aciviy kg yr -1 CO2 k CO 2 emission facor by fue ype k CO 2 GJ -1 NCV Therma vaue of fue ype k(gj -1 ) k k j p Index of fue ype Index of machine ype Index of parce grassand Projec removas from woody perennias Where proponens choose o incude above ground woody biomass poos PRWP is cacuaed using he A/R Working Group Too Esimaion of carbon socks and change in carbon socks of rees and shrubs in A/R CDM projec aciviies v. Where proponens choose no o incude above ground woody biomass poos wih-projec removas PRWP are assumed o be zero. Carbon gain-oss approach wi be appied o esimaion of he change in carbon socks in exising woody vegeaion under projec aciviy. The change in carbon socks of exising ive woody biomass under projec aciviy for each species in each vegeaion cass of a sraum can be wrien as: PRWP p C PG j C PL j = (38) where: PRWP Projec average ne change in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j in year ; CO 2 yr -1 C Projec average increase in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j PG j in year ; CO 2 yr -1 C PL j Projec average oss in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j in year ; CO 2 yr -1 As noed under he assumpions used in deveoping his mehodoogica oo no expici accouning of he erm represening sock osses C PL j is incuded in his oo: ha is C PG j is assumed o be a v3.0 29

30 measure of ne growh incremen and hus o impiciy accoun for. C PL j The average increase in carbon socks in exising ive woody biomass for each species in a sraum can be wrien as: where: C 44 PG j = AP s G j p CFj (39) 12 C PG j Projec average increase in carbon socks of exising woody biomass for species j for year ; CO 2 yr -1 A P s G j p Area of sraum S under Projec aciviy in year ; ha Projec average increase in exising woody biomass of species j in year ; d.m ha -1 yr -1 CF j Carbon fracion for species j (defau vaues: 0.50 and 0.49 for ree and shrub species respecivey); C ( d.m.) Raio of moecuar weighs of CO 2 and C; g mo -1 (g mo -1 ) The average annua increase in exising ive woody biomass socks for each species in a vegeaion cass in a sraum can be esimaed from: where: G j p G = G (1 + R ) (40) j p AB j p j Projec average increase in exising woody biomass of species j for year ; d.m ha - 1 yr -1 G AB j p Projec average increase in exising above-ground woody biomass of species j for year ; d.m ha -1 yr -1 R Roo: shoo raio of species j; d.m. ( d.m.) -1 j Projec removas due o changes in soi organic carbon Soi carbon is a major poo affeced by changes in grassand managemen pracices. In his mehodoogy proponens may eec o make direc measuremens of soi organic carbon or o use a modeing approach. If here are sudies (for exampe scienific journas universiy heses or work carried ou by he projec proponens) ha demonsraes ha he use of he seeced mode is vaid for he projec region he mode can be appied for esimaing of carbon sock changes for he SGM VCS projec (Opion 1 beow). Oherwise direc measuremen of carbon socks wi be carried ou (Opion 2 beow). v3.0 30

31 Opion 1: Esimae of projec removas due o changes in soi organic carbon using vaidaed mode Projec equiibrium soi organic carbon densiy in managemen sysems Using an anayic mode ha has been acceped in scienific pubicaions and vaidaed for he projec region (for exampe: CENTURY soi organic maer mode vi ) o esimae he soi organic carbon (SOC) densiy a equiibrium under each of he idenified managemen pracices. The deais of each managemen pracice ha are recorded wi depend on he choice of he soi mode seeced and he ype of aciviy being promoed. The appicabiiy of he seeced mode and parameers recorded for he various aciviies and soi and cimae ypes are dependen on he acua projec. Since hese are projec specific and no mehodoogy specific hey shoud be discussed in deai in he PDD. The SOC densiy shoud be esimaed using area-weighed average vaues of mode inpu parameers for each managemen pracice idenified. The proponens shoud demonsrae ha he sandard deviaion of he modeed SOC wihin each group is ess han 10% of he average vaue. The projec soi organic carbon a equiibrium can be esimaed using: = PA P S equi G mg SOCG mg mg (41) P S equi Projec SOC in equiibrium year C PA G m G Projec areas in grassand wih managemen pracice m G year ha SOC G m G Soi organic carbon densiy a equiibrium for grassand wih managemen pracice m G a year C ha -1 m G An index for grassand managemen ypes uni ess Projec esimae of soi organic carbon wih ransiions The esimae of soi organic carbon wih ransiions can be esimaed using: P S 1 = PS D D+ 1 equi (42) P S SOC under projec aciviy in year C P S equi SOC under projec aciviy in equiibrium year C D The ransiion period required for SOC o be a equiibrium afer a change in managemen pracice year v3.0 31