Draft A/R methodological tool. Estimation of GHG emissions related to displacement of grazing activities in A/R CDM project activity.

Transcription

1 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 1 Draf A/R mehodological ool Esimaion of GHG emissions relaed o displacemen of grazing aciviies in A/R CDM projec aciviy (Version 01) I. SCOPE APPLICABILITY AND PARAMETERS Scope 1. This ool can be used o esimae GHG emissions measurable and aribuable o displacemen of grazing aciviies caused by implemenaion of an A/R projec aciviy. 2. The ool provides an annex wih he defaul values for dry maer inake () and an equaion for he calculaion of for livesock ypes. Furher i provides defaul values for annual ne primary producion (ANPP) by IPCC climae zones. Definiions 3. For he purpose of his ool he following definiions apply: Zero-grazing sysem is defined as a sysem of feeding cale or oher livesock in which forage is brough o animals ha are permanenly housed insead of being allowed o graze. I is also someimes called "cu-and-carry". Grazing aciviies are defined as he grazing of animals of various ypes on lands and/or he producion of fodder for animals in a zero-grazing sysem. Displacemen is defined as he relocaion of grazing aciviies from areas of land wihin he projec boundary o lands ouside he projec boundary. Animals ha are sold o an eniy no involved in he CDM projec aciviy do no resul in displacemen aribuable o he A/R CDM projec aciviy. Displacemen managemen plan shall accompany he PDD o accommodae grazing aciviies ha are displaced by he CDM aciviy. The plan shall provide informaion on he number of animals by ype and ime of relocaion from all areas of land wihin he A/R CDM projec boundary. If projec paricipans know he geographical locaion of lands ouside he projec boundary o which he animals will be relocaed hen his informaion shall also be included in he displacemen managemen plan. The plan shall allow for iner alia he esimaion of he number of animals by ype ha are displaced o lands locaed ouside he projec boundary for which he deailed geographical locaion is unknown. Applicabiliy 4. This ool is applicable for esimaing GHG emissions caused by he displacemen of grazing animals due o implemenaion of an A/R CDM projec aciviy. 5. If he grazing animals are already in a zero-grazing sysem or are moved o a zero-grazing sysem hen he grazing aciviy ha is moniored is he producion of fodder. 6. The ool can be used o esimae he emissions caused by displacemen o: Idenified Fores land; Idenified Cropland covered wih annual crops; Idenified Grassland; and Unidenified land.

2 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 2 7. The ool is no applicable for esimaing GHG emissions due o implemenaion of an A/R CDM projec aciviy ha causes displacemen o: Cropland covered wih perennial crops 1 ; Selemens 2 ; Welands; and Oher lands as defined by he GPG LULUCF (i.e. bare soil rock ice and all unmanaged land areas ha do no fall ino caegory of fores land cropland grassland selemens or welands. Assumpions 8. The ool assumes ha: 1. The sale of grazing animals o an eniy no involved in he CDM projec aciviy or slaugher of grazing animals does no resul in leakage. 2. Carbon socks in above-ground biomass below-ground biomass lier and dead wood pools are emied o he amosphere if he displacemen resuls in deforesaion and 3. Displacemen of grazing aciviies o unidenified lands resuls in deforesaion. Parameers 9. This ool provides procedures o deermine he following parameer: Parameer SI Uni Descripion CO Displacemen 2 e Leakage due o he displacemen of animals in year 1 Perennial crops ypical for cropland are defined in he Chaper 3.3 of he GPG LULUCF. 2 As clarificaion when relocaion of grazing animals is o a zero-grazing sysem in a selemen one mus focus on he displacemen of he fodder producion. The fodder producion does no move o a selemen even hough he animals may.

3 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 3 Figure 1: Flow char for esimaion process Sar No leakage no Is here displacemen of grazing aciviies from wihin he projec boundary? Animals sold or slaughered yes Displacemen o Unidenified Lands selec no Can he lands o which displacemen occurs be idenified? yes selec Displacemen o Fores Displacemen o Cropland Displacemen o Grassland No Overgrazing Overgrazing Increased fossil fuel and ferilizer Noe: GHG emissions are caused by aciviies ha are highlighed only. Aciviies no highlighed are assumed no o cause leakage.

4 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 4 II. PROCEDURE 10. The ool provides a sep-wise procedure for esimaing he emissions from he displacemen of grazing aciviies. Sep 1: Is here displacemen of grazing aciviies from areas of land wihin he projec boundary which are measurable and aribuable o he afforesaion or reforesaion projec aciviy? 11. If yes hen proceed o Sep 2. Oherwise here is no leakage relaed o displacemen of grazing aciviies. Sep 2: Is here displacemen of grazing aciviies o unidenified lands? 12. If yes hen calculae he area of land ha is required o susain grazing aciviies for he for animals displaced o unidenified lands by: g Unidenified g Unidenified 365 (1) 1000 Unidenified g H Unidenified g = g H oal dry maer inake of grazing animals displaced o unidenifed lands [ d.m./year] daily dry maer inake per grazing animal of animal ype g [kg d.m./head/day] number of head of animals ype g ha are displaced o unidenified lands in year and number of head of animals ype g ha are fed by he fodder colleced from unidenified lands in year [head] g values in able 3 provided in he annex can be used. Alernaively use he equaion from he annex o his ool if local daa are available. Area Unidenified Area Unidenified Unidenified ANPP Unidenified = (2) ANPP Area of unidenified land required o feed animals ha are displaced in year [ha] Toal dry maer inake of grazing animals displaced o unidenifed lands [ d.m./year] Above-ground ne primary produciviy in onnes dry biomass [( d.m.)/ha/yr] In equaion 2 he values for ANPP from able of IPCC GPG guidance as provided in he annex o his ool may be used. Alernaively if local daa for ANPP of grasslands are available i can be used insead. Area Unidenified will be used in Sep 5.where i is assumed ha he unidenified lands are fores land. Proceed o Sep 3.

5 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 5 Sep 3: Deerminaion of GHG emissions caused by displacemen o cropland 13. Following he applicabiliy condiion displacemen o cropland covered by annual crops is considered o creae no leakage emissions from land use change. However here may be an increase in he amoun of ferilizer used o increase produciviy of land or he amoun of fossil fuels needed especially if in he siuaion of displacemen of animals are displaced o salls barns ec and he forage has o be ranspored from disan locaions. The emissions caused by his increased use of fossil fuel and ferilizer should be calculaed in Sep 6. Proceed o Sep 4. Sep 4: Deerminaion of GHG emissions caused by displacemen o grassland 14. Idenify he areas of grassland Area grasslandk used as par of a displacemen managemen plan ha will receive he animals or he fodder producion for animals in salls barns ec ha is displaced in year. Deermine he number of grazing animals of ype g displaced or he number of animals of ype g fed by fodder ha is displaced o grassland parcel k H g k in year. Calculae he area of Area grasslandk for animal ype g using: TOTAL k = g g ( H exising g k + H g k ) (3) TOTALk g H exising g k H g k Toal dry maer inake of grazing animal on parcel k in year [ d.m./year] Daily dry maer inake per grazing animal of animal ype g [kg d.m./head/day] Number of head of animal ype g on parcel k exising before displacemen of animals in year [head] Number of head of animal ype g displaced or he number of animals of ype g fed by fodder ha is displaced o parcel k in year [head] In equaion 3 he g values provided in able 3 in he annex o his ool can be used. Alernaively you may calculae use he he g values using he equaion from he annex if local daa are available. Area required k = Area requiredk TOTALk ANPP k TOTAL k ANPP k Toal area of land required for year o susain he animals in parcel k [ha] Toal dry maer inake of grazing animals on parcel k in year [ d.m./yr] Above-ground ne primary produciviy of parcel k in onnes dry biomass [( d.m.)/ha/yr] (4) In equaion 4 he values for ANPP from able of IPCC GPG guidance as provided in he annex o his ool may be used o esimae ANPP k. Alernaively if local daa for ANPP of parcel k are available i can be used insead.

6 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 6 Calculae he area of land overgrazed using: Area Overgrazed k = Ag k only A g k for which Arearequired k Ag k > 0 shall be involved in he summaion g Area Area overgrazed on parcel k caused by displacemen in year [ha] Overgrazed k Area requiredk A g k Toal area of land required for year o susain he animals required in parcel k [ha] Area of land in parcel k for animal ype g displaced in year [ha] Overgrazing Calculae he GHG emissions relaed o overgrazing as: Overgrazing [ SOC ( F )] 44 = AreaOvergrazed k REF k 1 MG SeverelyDegraded (6) 12 k Leakage from overgrazing due o displacemen in year [ CO 2 e] Area Area overgrazed on parcel k in year [ha] Overgrazed k SOC REF Reference soil organic socks for parcel k - see able IPCC GPG k [ C / ha] F MG Sock change facor for managemen regime for severely degraded grassland = SeverelyDegraded see able IPCC GPG (dimensionless) 44 Conversion facor from C o CO 2 e [ CO2e / C] 12 The increase in GHG emissions from displacemen o grasslands ha does no cause overgrazing is zero. Proceed o sep 5. Sep 5: Deerminaion of GHG emissions caused by displacemen o fores land 15. Idenify he areas of fores land Area foresk. used as par of a displacemen managemen plan ha will receive he displaced animals or he displaced fodder producion for animals in salls barns ec. in year. Calculae he CO 2 componen of leakage ha resuls from he poenial deforesaion using: [ BAB ( 1+ RAve ) + BLier + BDeadwood ] B ( 1+ R ) + B + B AreaUnidenified 44 Deforesaion CO = [ ] + (7) Area fores k AB k k Lier k Deadwood k 12 k (5)

7 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 7 Deforesaion CO CO 2 emissions from leakage due o he displacemen of animals or he 2 displacemen of fodder producion in year o fores lands [ CO2e] Area Area of unidenified land required o feed animals ha are displaced in year [ha] Unidenified from equaion 1 B Average above-ground woody biomass of fores land o which animals are AB displaced [ dm / ha] B Average lier on fores land o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Lier B Average dead wood on fores land o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Deadwood R Average biomass-weighed roo-o-shoo raio appropriae for biomass sock of Ave fores land o which animals are displaced [ dm / dm] Area of idenified fores land deforesed o feed animals displaced in year [ha] Area foresk B AB Above-ground woody biomass of fores land parcel k o which animals are k displaced [ dm / ha] B Lier on fores land parcel k o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Lier k B Dead wood on fores land parcel k o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] R k Deadwood k Roo-o-shoo raio for biomass sock of fores land parcel k o which animals are displaced [ dm / dm] 0.5 IPCC defaul carbon fracion for woody biomass; [ C/ dm] 44 Conversion facor from C o CO 2 e [ CO 2 e / C] 12 Values of B AB B Lier B Deadwood and R Ave should be based on local condiions suppored by documened evidence or exper opinion. Alernaively he values can be obained from he IPCC GPG. For average lier values see Table For average dead wood socks see Table from GPG LULCF. Values of B AB k B Lier k B Deadwood k and R k should be based on measuremens local condiions suppored by documened evidence or exper opinion. Alernaively one can use average values be obained from he IPCC GPG. For average lier values see Table For average dead wood socks see Table from GPG LULCF. Calculaed he CH 4 componen of leakage ha resuls from he poenial deforesaion assuming ha he biomass is burn using: Deforesaion [ B + B + B ] AreaUnidenified Ave Lier Deadwood 16 CH 0.5 CE = Area fores k [ Bk BLier k BDeadwood k ] (8) k CH DeforesaionCH 4 emissions of leakage due o he displacemen of animals o fores lands [ CH 4 ] 4

8 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 8 Area Area of unidenified land required o feed animals ha are displaced in year [ha] Unidenified from equaion 1 B Average above-ground woody biomass of fores land o which animals are AB displaced [ dm / ha] B Average lier on fores land o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Lier B Average dead wood on fores land o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Deadwood Area of idenified fores land deforesed o feed animals displaced in year [ha] Area foresk B AB Above-ground woody biomass of fores land parcel k o which animals are k displaced [ dm / ha] B Lier on fores land parcel k o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Lier k B Dead wood on fores land parcel k o which animals are displaced [ dm / ha] Deadwood k 0.5 IPCC defaul carbon fracion for woody biomass; [ C/ dm] CE Average combusion efficiency for aboveground biomass (IPCC defaul: 0.5); dimensionless Emission raio - from Table 3A.1.19 of GPG LULUCF 16 Conversion facor from C o CH 4 [ CH 4 / C] 12 Values of B AB B Lier B Deadwood and R Ave should be based on local condiions suppored by documened evidence or exper opinion. Alernaively he values can be obained from he IPCC GPG. For average lier values see Table For average dead wood socks see Table from GPG LULCF. Values of B AB k B Lier k B Deadwood k and R k should be based on measuremens local condiions suppored by documened evidence or exper opinion. Alernaively one can use average values obained from he IPCC GPG. For average lier values see Table For average dead wood socks see Table from GPG LULCF. The N 2 O emissions from leakage ha resuls from he poenial deforesaion assuming ha he biomass is burn are considered negligible. Calculae he leakage from deforesaion using: = GWP (9) CO 2 + Deforesaion CH 4 Deforesaion Deforesaion CH Toal GHG emissions of leakage due o displacemen in year o fores lands [ Deforesaion CO 2 e] Deforesaion CO 2 CO 2 componen of leakage due o displacemen in year o fores lands [ CO2e] 4 Deforesaion CH 4 CH 4 emissions of leakage due o displacemen in year o fores lands [ CH 4 ]

9 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 9 GWP Global warming poenial of CH CH 4 = 21 [ CO 2 e / CH 4 ] 4 Proceed o Sep 6: Sep 6: Deerminaion of GHG emissions caused by an increase in fossil fuel and ferilizer use due o he displacemen 16. Emission from he increase in fossil fuels for example due o he ransporaion of fodder or manure and/or applicaion of ferilizers and he increase in ferilizer use may occur annually as a resul of he displacemen of grazing animals or he displacemen of fodder producion o feed animals should be calculaed using he appropriae ool. 17. If he displacemen increases he emissions from he use of fossil fuels ha are measurable and aribuable o he A/R CDM projec aciviy he esimaion of his increase shall be accouned for as requesed by he approved baseline and monioring mehodology. 18. If he emissions from he increase of ferilizer use for managemen of he land receiving he displacemen are no already accouned for in he approved baseline and monioring mehodology hen idenify he annual increase in synheic and organic ferilizers required as a resul of he displacemen M SN-Displacemen and M ON-Displacemen Calculae he emissions from he increase in ferilizer use aribuable o displacemen using: 44 ( FSN Displacemen FON Displacemen ) EF1 GWPN O N 2 O Displacemen y + 2 And = (10) 28 F M NC 1 ( Frac ) SN Displacemen = SN Displacemen m m GASF (11) i And ON Displacemen = M ON Displacemen o j o ( Frac ) F NC 1 (12) Direc N N 2O Displacemen 2 O emission as a resul of increased ferilizer use in year as a resul of F SN Displacemen all previous displacemen [ CO 2 e] Mass of synheic ferilizer nirogen applied in year adjused for volailizaion as NH3 and NO X [ N] F ON Displacemen Mass of organic ferilizer nirogen applied in year adjused for volailizaion as NH3 and NO X [ N] M SN Displacemen m GASM Mass of synheic ferilizer ype m applied in year [ ] M ON Displacemen o Mass of organic ferilizer ype o applied in year [ ] EF emission facor for emissions from N inpus [ N 1 2 O-N / N] 44 Raio of molecular weighs of N 2 O and N [ N 2 O-N / N] 28

10 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 10 GWPN 2 Global Warming Poenial for N O 2 O [ CO2e / N 2 O] (IPCC defaul = 310 valid for he firs commimen period) NC m NC o Nirogen conen of synheic ferilizer m [ N / ferilizer] Nirogen conen of organic ferilizer o [ N / ferilizer] Frac Fracion ha volailises as NH GASF 3 and NO X for synheic ferilizers [dimensionless] Frac Fracion ha volailises as NH GASM 3 and NO X for organic ferilizers [dimensionless] As noed in IPCC 2006 Guidelines (able 11.1) he defaul emission facor (EF1) is 1% of applied N and his value should be used when counry-specific facors are unavailable. The defaul values for he fracions of synheic and organic ferilizer nirogen ha are emied as NO X and NH 3 are 0.1 and 0.2 respecively in 2006 IPCC Guidelines (Table 11.3). Projec paricipans may use emission facors from he peer reviewed scienific lieraure ha are specific for he projec area. Sep 7: Esimaion of oal leakage from displacemen of grazing animals 19. The oal leakage from he displacemen of grazing animals is given by: Displacemen = Overgrazing + Deforesaion + N2O Displacemen (13) The oal GHG emissions of leakage due o he displacemen of animals in year Displacemen [ CO 2 e] Leakage from overgrazing due o displacemen in year [ CO 2 e] Overgrazing Toal GHG emissions of leakage due o displacemen in year o fores lands [ Deforesaion CO 2 e] Direc N N2O Displacemen 2 O emission as a resul of increased ferilizer use in year as a resul of all previous displacemen [ CO 2 ]

11 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 11 Appendix A 1. Annual ne primary producion ANPP can be calculaed from local measuremens or defaul values from Table of IPCC good pracice guidance LULUCF can be used. This able is reproduced below as Table The daily biomass consumpion can be calculaed from local measuremens or esimaed based on he calculaed daily gross energy inake and he esimaed dieary ne energy concenraion of die: = GE NE ma (A.1) GE NE ma Dry maer inake [kg d.m./head/day] Daily gross energy inake [MJ/head/day] Dieary ne energy concenraion of die [MJ/kg d.m.] 3. Daily gross energy inake for cale and sheep can be calculaed using equaions 10.3 hrough in 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Naional Greenhouse Gas Invenories Volume 4: Agriculure Foresry and Oher Land Use (AFOLU) 3. Sample calculaions for ypical herds in various regions of he world are provided in Table 2; inpu daa sems from Table 10A.2 of he same 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Dieary ne energy concenraions as lised in Table 3 can be calculaed using he formula lised in a foonoe o Table 10.8 of he same 2006 IPCC Guidelines. 3 Pausian K. Ravindranah N.H. and van Amsel A IPCC Guidelines for Naional Greenhouse Gas Invenories Volume 4: Agriculure Foresry and Oher Land Use (AFOLU). Inergovernmenal Panel on Climae Change (IPCC)

12 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 12 Table 1: Table from GPG LULUCF TABLE DEFAULT ESTIMATES FOR STANDING BIOMASS GRASLAND (AS DRY MATTER) AND ABOVEGROUND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION CLASSIFIED BY IPCC CLIMATE ZONES. IPCC Climae Zone Peak above- ground live biomass Tonnes d.m. ha -1 Above-ground ne primary producion (ANPP) Tonnes d.m. ha -1 Average No. of sudies Error # Average No. of sudies Error 1 Boreal-Dry & We ±75% ±75% Cold Temperae-Dry ±75% ±75% Cold Temperae-We ±75% ±75% Warm Temperae-Dry ±75% ±75% Warm Temperae-We ±75% ±75% Tropical-Dry ±75% ±75% Tropical-Mois & We ±75% ±75% Daa for sanding live biomass are compiled from muli-year averages repored a grassland sies regisered in he ORNL DAAC NPP daabase [hp:// Esimaes for above-ground primary producion are from: Olson R. J.J.M.O. Scurlock S.D. Prince D.L. Zheng and K.R. Johnson (eds.) NPP Muli- Biome: NPP and Driver Daa for Ecosysem Model-Daa Inercomparison. Sources available on-line a [hp:// 1 Represens a nominal esimae of error equivalen o wo imes sandard deviaion as a percenage of he mean. 2 Due o limied daa dry and mois zones for he boreal emperae regime and mois and we zones for he ropical emperaure regime were combined.

13 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 13 Table 2: Daa for ypical cale herds for he calculaion of daily gross energy requiremen Cale - Africa Weigh (kg) Weigh Gain (kg/day) Milk (kg/day) Work (hrs/day) Pregnan DE Coefficien for NE m equaion Mix (of grazing) Maure Females % 55% % Maure Males % 55% % Young % 60% % Weighed Average % 58% % Cale - Asia Weigh (kg) Weigh Gain (kg/day) Milk (kg/day) Work (hrs/day) Pregnan DE Coefficien for NE m equaion Mix (of grazing) Maure Females % 60% % Maure Males % 60% % Young % 60% % Weighed Average % 60% % Cale - India Weigh (kg) Weigh Gain (kg/day) Milk (kg/day) Work (hrs/day) Pregnan DE Coefficien for NE m equaion Mix (of grazing) Maure Females % 50% % Maure Males % 50% % Young % 50% % Weighed Average % 50% % Cale - Lain America Weigh (kg) Weigh Gain (kg/day) Milk (kg/day) Work (hrs/day) Pregnan DE Coefficien for NE m equaion Mix (of grazing) Maure Females % 60% % Maure Males % 60% % Young % 60% % Weighed Average % 60% % Sheep Weigh (kg) Weigh Gain (kg/day) Milk (kg/day) Wool (kg/year) Pregnan DE Coefficien for NE m equaion Mix (of grazing) Maure Females % 60% % Maure Males % 60% % Young % 60% % Weighed Average % 60% %

14 Seveneenh meeing Repor Page 14 Table 3: Daily energy requiremen and dry maer inake calculaion Cale Region Average Characerisics Energy (MJ/head/day) Consumpion Weigh Weigh gain Milk Work Pregnan DE CF Mainenance (kg) (kg/day) (kg/day) (hrs/day) (noe 1) Aciviy Growh Lacaion Power Wool Pregnancy REM REG Gross NE ma (noe 2) (MJ/kg - noe 5) (kg/head/day) Africa % 58% Asia % 60% India % 50% Lain America Sheep % 60% Region Average Characerisics Energy (MJ/head/day) Consumpion All regions Noes Weigh Weigh gain Milk Work Pregnan DE CF Mainenance (kg) (kg/day) (kg/day) (hrs/day) (noe 3) Aciviy Growh Lacaion Power Wool Pregnancy REM REG Gross NE ma (noe 4) (MJ/kg - noe 5) (kg/head/day) % 60% Assumes grazing 2. Assumes 4% milk fa 3. Assumes grazing on hilly errain 4. Assumes 7% milk fa 5. Calculaed using equaion lised in Table 10.8