A/R Methodological Tool I. SCOPE, APPLICABILITY AND ASSUMPTIONS. 2. The tool is applicable to all occurrence of fire within the project boundary.

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1 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 1 /R Mehodological Tool Esimaion of non-co 2 emissions resuling from burning of biomass aribuable o an /R CDM projec aciviy (Version ) Scope I. SCOPE PPLICBILITY ND SSUMPTIONS 1. This ool can be used for esimaion of non-co 2 emissions resuling from burning of biomass and fores fires. pplicabiliy 2. The ool is applicable o all occurrence of fire wihin he projec boundary. 3. Non-CO 2 emissions resuling from any occurrence of fire wihin he projec boundary shall be accouned for each incidence of fire which affecs an area greaer han he minimum hreshold area repored by he hos Pary for he purpose of defining fores provided ha he accumulaed area affeced by such fires in a given year is 5% of he projec area. ssumpions 4. This ool applies he following assumpions: (a) boveground biomass of living rees shall be considered no o resul in significan non-co 2 emission in case of fire when (i) (ii) fores fire burns hrough he undersory bu does no climb ino he ree canopy; or fores fire singes rees bu does no cause moraliy such ha leaf regeneraion can be observed wihin six monhs (his may be demonsraed in remoe sensing imagery); (b) 60% of he dead organic maer is enirely burn in all fires. Parameers 5. This ool provides seps o esimae he parameer(s) given in Table 1. Parameer Uni Descripion Table 1: Parameers deermined by he ool E CO 2 -e Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from burning of biomass and fores fires wihin he projec boundary in year II. ESTIMTION OF EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GSES 6. Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from burning of biomass and fores fires wihin he projec boundary in year is esimaed as follows:

2 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 2 E SPF + FMF + FF E = (1) Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from burning of biomass and fores fires wihin he projec boundary in year ; CO 2 -e SPF Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire in sie preparaion in year ; CO 2 -e FMF FF Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land or oher fores managemen in year ; CO 2 -e Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from fire in year ; CO 2 -e years couned from he sar of he /R CDM projec aciviy Emission resuling from use of fire in sie preparaion 7. Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire in sie preparaion in year is esimaed as follows: (a) For all areas of land (i) Slash-and-burn is a common pracice in he baseline and (ii) Fire has been used in he area a leas once during he period of en years preceding he sar of he /R CDM projec aciviy: SPF = 0 (2) (b) For all areas of land where he condiion (a) above is no saisfied: 44 ( CF * b + CF * BDR * B CC ) M SPF = 0.07 * SPF i * * TREE TREE i SHRUB SF FOREST * i= 1 12 SPF Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire in sie preparaion in year ; CO 2 -e 0.07 Raio of non-co 2 emissions o CO 2 emission resuling from burning of biomass; dimensionless The value of his raio has been adaped from Table 2.5 of he 2006 IPCC Guidelines for Naional Invenories aking ino accoun mehane (CH 4 ) and nirous oxide (N 2 O) emissions only b TREE i Mean ree biomass per hecare wihin sraum i in he projec boundary a he sar of he projec; d.m. ha -1 Esimaed using he ool Esimaion of carbon socks and change in carbon socks of rees and shrubs in /R CDM projec aciviies. Where pre-projec living rees are no burned during sie preparaion b TREEi shall be se equal o zero CF Carbon fracion of biomass ; C ( d.m) -1. TREE The IPCC defaul value of 0.50 is used (3) SHRUB i

3 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 3 CF Carbon fracion of shrub biomass; C ( d.m.) -1 SHRUB The IPCC defaul value of 0.50 is used SPF rea of land in which fire is used in sie preparaion in sraum i in year ; ha BDR Raio of shrub biomass per uni area in land having a shrub crown SF cover of 1.0 and he defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores in he region/counry where he /R CDM projec is locaed; dimensionless defaul value of 0.10 is used unless ransparen and verifiable informaion can be provided o jusify a differen value B Defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores in he FOREST region/counry where he /R CDM projec is locaed; d.m. ha -1 The value of his parameer is seleced according o he guidance provided in he relevan enry in he ables a he end of his ool CC Crown cover of shrubs in area of land wihin he projec boundary SHRUB i a he sar of he projec in which fire is used for sie preparaion in sraum i in year ; dimensionless years couned from he sar of he /R CDM projec aciviy i Sraum wihin he baseline Non-CO 2 emissions resuling from use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land 8. Emissions of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land is esimaed on he basis of he raio of he biomass lef a sie o he biomass harvesed. In he case of fuelwood harves his raio is likely o be smaller han in he case of imber harves. I is herefore conservaive o apply he raio in he case of imber harves o he case of fuelwood and oher harvess. When he daa on biomass of he harves removed are available 9. If he daa on biomass of he harves removed are available he emission of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land is esimaed as follows: 44 * B * f * CF 12 FMF = 0.07 * HRVEST BL TREE (4) FMF Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land in year ; CO 2 -e B Biomass harvesed from area subjeced o use of fire o clear he land of harves HRVEST residue prior o replaning of he land in year ; d.m.

4 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 4 f The fracion of aboveground ree biomass ou of oal harves lef on-sie; BL dimensionless value of 0.10 for emperae fores and 0.25 for ropical fores is used. These values of he parameer have been conservaively adaped from Table of he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 CF Carbon fracion of biomass of rees harvesed; C ( d.m) -1. TREE IPCC defaul value of 0.50 C ( d.m) -1 is used years couned from he sar of he /R CDM projec aciviy When he daa on biomass of he harves removed are no available 10. If he daa on biomass of he harves removed are no available he biomass of harves removed is esimaed as follows: B = (5) FOREST B HRVEST * FMF BEF2 B Biomass harvesed from area subjeced o use of fire o clear he land of harves HRVEST residue prior o replaning of he land in year ; d.m. B Defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores in he region/counry where he FOREST /R CDM projec is locaed; d.m. ha -1 BEF 2 The value of his parameer is seleced according o he guidance provided in he relevan enry in he ables a he end of his ool The biomass expansion facor for rees harvesed; dimensionless value of 1.25 is used FMF rea of land subjeced o use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land in year ; ha T years couned from he sar of he /R CDM projec aciviy Non-CO 2 emissions resuling from fores fires 11. Emission of s resuling from he burning of aboveground projec ree biomass in fire ha is no sie preparaion or burning of harves residue (defined from his poin forward as fores fire) is calculaed using he aboveground biomass in rees and dead wood of relevan sraa in las verificaion. FF FF _ TREE + FF _ DOM = (6)

5 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 5 Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from fores fire in year ; CO 2 -e FF FF _ TREE FF _ DOM Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from he loss of aboveground biomass of rees due o fores fire in year ; CO 2 -e Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from he loss of dead organic maer due o fores fire in year ; CO 2 -e 12. Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from he loss of aboveground ree biomass due fire is calculaed using he above ground biomass in rees of relevan sraa in las verificaion and a combusion facor. For he firs verificaion emission of non-co 2 s resuling from he loss of rees due o naural or anhropogenic fores fire is assumed o be zero. ( EF * GWP EF GWP ) M FF _ TREE = 0.001* BURN i * btree i * COMF L i * CH 4 i CH 4 + N 2O i * N 2O i= 1 BURN i b TREE i L COMF i EF FF _ TREE Emission of non-co 2 gases resuling from he loss of aboveground biomass of rees due o fire in year ; CO 2 -e rea burn in sraum i in year ; ha Mean aboveground ree biomass per hecare in sraum i in year L which is he year in which las verificaion was carried ou before occurrence of he fire; d.m. ha -1 Where aboveground biomass of living rees is no burn by fire se equal o zero Combusion facor for sraum i; dimensionless CH 4 Emission facor for CH i 4 in sraum i; g CH 4 (kg dry maer burn) -1 GWP Global warming poenial for CH CH 4 4 ; dimensionless Defaul value of 21 is used EF Emission facor for N N 2 O i 2 O in sraum i; g N 2 O (kg dry maer burn) -1 GWPN 2 Global warming poenial for N O 2 O; dimensionless Defaul value of 310 is used I T M sraa years elapsed since he sar of he projec aciviy b TREE i L (7) may be 13. Emission of non-co 2 s resuling from he loss of dead organic maer due o fire is calculaed using he dead organic maer sock a he las verificaion. Where PPs eleced a validaion no o accoun for dead organic maer pool he dead organic maer sock is considered zero and non-co 2 emissions from fire are no accouned. Where dead organic maer is accouned for he firs verificaion period emission of non-co 2 s resuling from he loss of dead organic maer due o fire is assumed o be zero and for subsequen verificaion periods emission of non-co 2 s is esimaed as follows:

6 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 6 M FF _ DOM =.07* BURN i * i= 1 BURN i C DW i L C LI i L I T FF _ DOM ( C + C ) 0 (8) DW i L LI i L Emission of s resuling from he loss of dead organic maer due o fire in year ; CO 2 -e rea burn in sraum i in year ; ha Carbon sock in dead wood in sraum i in year L which is he year in which las verificaion was carried ou before occurrence of he fire as esimaed using he Tool for esimaion of carbon socks and change in carbon socks in dead wood and lier in /R CDM projec aciviies ; CO 2 -e Carbon sock in lier in sraum i in year L which is he year in which las verificaion was carried ou before occurrence of he fire as esimaed using he Tool for esimaion of carbon socks and change in carbon socks in dead wood and lier in /R CDM projec aciviies ; CO 2 -e M sraa years elapsed since he sar of he projec aciviy III. DT ND PRMETERS USED IN THE TOOL 14. The following ables describe he daa and parameers used in his ool. The guidelines conained in hese ables regarding selecion of daa sources and procedures o be followed in measuremen where applicable should be reaed as an inegral par of his ool. Daa and parameers obained from exising sources Daa / Parameer: BDR SF Daa uni: Dimensionless Used in equaions: 3 Descripion Raio of shrub biomass per uni area in land having a shrub crown cover of 1.0 and he defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores in he region/counry where he /R CDM projec is locaed Source of daa: defaul value of 0.10 should be used unless ransparen and verifiable informaion can be provided o jusify a differen value Daa / Parameer: B FOREST Daa uni: d.m. ha -1 Used in equaions: 3 5 Descripion: Defaul above-ground biomass conen in fores in he region/counry where he /R CDM projec is locaed

7 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 7 Source of daa: The source of daa shall be seleced in order of preference from he following: (a) Regional/naional invenories e.g. naional fores invenory naional invenory; (b) Invenory from neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Globally available daa applicable o he projec sie or o he region/counry where he sie is locaed (e.g. laes daa from FO); (d) Defaul values from Table of IPCC GPG-LULUCF 2003 Daa / Parameer: COMF i Daa uni: dimensionless Used in equaions: 7 Descripion: Combusion facor for sraum i (per vegeaion ype) Source of daa: The source of daa shall be seleced in order of preference from he following: (a) Projec-specific calculaion regional/naional invenories e.g. naional fores invenory naional invenory; (b) Invenory from neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Globally available daa applicable o he projec sie or o he region/counry where he sie is locaed; (d) Defaul values as follows: Fores ype Mean age (years) Defaul value Tropical fores and above 0.32 Boreal fores ll 0.40 Temperae fores ll 0.45 Daa / Parameer: EF CH4 Daa uni: g kg -1 dry maer burn Used in equaions: 7 Descripion: Emission facor for CH 4 in sraum i Source of daa: The source of daa shall be seleced in order of preference from he following: (a) Regional/naional invenories e.g. naional fores invenory naional invenory; (b) Invenory from neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Globally available daa applicable o he projec sie or o he region/counry where he sie is locaed; (d) Defaul values as follows: (i) Tropical fores: 6.8 (ii) Oher fores: 4.7 Daa / Parameer: EF N2O Daa uni: g kg -1 dry maer burn Used in equaions: 7 Descripion: Emission facor for N 2 O in sraum i

8 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 8 Source of daa: The source of daa shall be seleced in order of preference from he following: (a) Regional/naional invenories e.g. naional fores invenory naional invenory; (b) Invenory from neighbouring counries wih similar condiions; (c) Globally available daa applicable o he projec sie or o he region/counry where he sie is locaed; (d) Defaul values as follows: (i) Tropical fores: 0.20 (ii) Oher fores: 0.26 Daa and parameers obained from measuremens Daa / Parameer: SPF Daa uni: ha Used in equaions: 3 Descripion: rea of land in which fire is used for sie preparaion in year Measuremen procedures: Sandard operaing procedures (SOPs) prescribed under naional fores invenory are applied. In absence of hese SOPs from published handbooks or from he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 may be applied Monioring This area is measured whenever fire is used in sie preparaion frequency: Q/QC procedures: Daa / Parameer: Qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (Q/QC) procedures prescribed under naional fores invenory are applied. In absence of hese Q/QC procedures from published handbooks or from he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 may be applied FMF Daa uni: ha Used in equaions: 5 Descripion: rea of land subjeced o use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land in year Measuremen procedures: Sandard operaing procedures (SOPs) prescribed under naional fores invenory are applied. In he absence of hese SOPs from published handbooks or from he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 may be applied Monioring This area is measured whenever fire is used o clear he land of harves frequency: Q/QC procedures: Daa / Parameer: Daa uni: ha Used in equaions: 7 residue prior o replaning of he land Qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (Q/QC) procedures prescribed under naional fores invenory are applied. In he absence of hese Q/QC procedures from published handbooks or from he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 may be applied BURNi

9 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 9 Descripion: Source of daa: Measuremen procedures: Monioring frequency: Q/QC procedures: rea of land subjeced o use of fire o clear he land of harves residue prior o replaning of he land in year Field measuremen or remoe sensing measuremen The area shall be delineaed eiher on he ground using GPS or from georeferenced remoe sensing daa This area is measured whenever fores fire has occurred Qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (Q/QC) procedures prescribed under naional fores invenory are applied. In he absence of hese Q/QC procedures from published handbooks or from he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 may be applied Daa / Parameer: CC SHRUB Daa uni: Dimensionless Used in equaions: 3 Descripion: Crown cover of shrubs in land where fire is used for sie preparaion in year ; dimensionless Source of daa: Field measuremen Measuremen Ocular esimaion of crown cover may be carried ou or any oher mehod procedures: such as he line ransec mehod Monioring This parameer is measured whenever fire is used in sie preparaion frequency: Q/QC procedures: Qualiy conrol/qualiy assurance (Q/QC) procedures prescribed under naional fores invenory are applied. In he absence of hese Q/QC procedures from published handbooks or from he IPCC GPG LULUCF 2003 may be applied IV. References IPCC IPCC Guidelines for Naional Greenhouse Gas Invenories prepared by he Naional Greenhouse Gas Invenories Programme Eggleson H.S. Buendia L. Miwa K. Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES Japan. URL: <hp:// IPCC Good Pracice Guidance for Land Use Land-Use Change and Foresry Prepared by he Naional Greenhouse Gas Invenories Programme Jim Penman Michael Gyarsky Taka Hiraishi Thelma Krug Dina Kruger Riia Pipai Leandro Buendia Kyoko Miwa Todd Ngara (eds). Published: IGES Japan. URL: <hp://

10 CDM Execuive Board EB 65 Repor Page 10 Hisory of he documen Version Dae Naure of revision EB November 2011 The revision expands he applicabiliy of he ool by including an approach for esimaion of non-co 2 emissions resuling from fores fires. Due o overall modificaion of he documen no highlighs of he changes are EB 60 nnex pril EB 50 nnex Ocober EB 42 Para Sepember EB 36 nnex November 2007 Decision Class: Regulaory Documen Type: Tool Business Funcion: Mehodology provided. The amendmen: (i) Provides simplified approaches for esimaion of emissions resuling from use of fire in iniial sie preparaion and sie preparaion for replaning afer a harves; (ii) ligns he ool wih oher recenly approved /R mehodological ools; (iii) Limis esimaion mehods o non-co 2 emissions only since CO 2 emissions are aken ino accoun as sock change in he relevan pools; (iv)changes he ile from Esimaion of emissions due o clearing burning and decay of exising vegeaion aribuable o a CDM /R projec aciviy o Esimaion of non-co 2 emissions resuling from burning of biomass aribuable o an /R CDM projec aciviy. Due o he overall modificaion of he documen no highlighs of he changes are provided. Following he classificaion of documens conained in he informaion noe: Definiions of documens ypes issued by he Board ( o EB 49 repor) he guidance provided by he ool was updaed and pariioned among several documens in order o allow heir separae applicaion. Following he guidance provided by he Execuive Board a is fory second meeing references o emissions from removals of herbaceous vegeaion were removed (refer o paragraph 35 of he meeing repor). Iniial adopion.