Part L of Building Regulations 2017-Buildings other than Dwellings. Seán Armstrong, Housing/Building Standards Section, DHPCLG

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1 Part L of Building Regulations 2017-Buildings other than Dwellings Seán Armstrong, Housing/Building Standards Section, DHPCLG

2 Outline Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and NZEB Dwellings Buildings other than Dwellings Next Steps

3 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and NZEB Member states to ensure that all new buildings are Nearly Zero Energy Buildings by 31 st Dec 2020 Member states to ensure that all new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities are `Nearly Zero Energy Buildings after 31st Dec 2018 Major Renovations to be at Cost Optimal Level in Building Codes. Recommendations on NZEB issued by Commission in July 2016 Member states should take account of the period of validity of building permits, the length of construction and completion of building works to avoid falling short of the NZEB target dates in the EPBD.

EPBD Definition- Nearly Zero Energy Building nearly zero-energy building means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I.

4 EPBD Definition- Nearly Zero Energy Building nearly zero-energy building means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby; RTE PV Array

Implementation of NZEB-Dwellings SI 4 of 2017 has amended Building Regulations to include the definition of NZEB on 17 th Jan 2017 TGD L 2011-Dwellings has been amended to include numerical

5 Implementation of NZEB-Dwellings SI 4 of 2017 has amended Building Regulations to include the definition of NZEB on 17 th Jan 2017 TGD L 2011-Dwellings has been amended to include numerical indicators for NZEB Dwellings on the 22 nd Feb The numerical indicators provide MPEPC of 0.30 and MPCPC of 0.35 for dwellings completed after 31 st Dec It is planned to complete full review of Part L for NZEB Dwellings and Major Renovations in 2018 to apply from 2019

6 Part L Development Dwellings kwh/m2/yr BER D1/C3 BER C1 40% Improvement BER=B1 60% Improvement BER=A % Improvement BER=A2 NZEB

7 Implementation of EPBD-Buildings other than Dwellings TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings is currently under review to provide detailed NZEB guidance and include Major Renovations performance requirement: Public Consultation Start March 24th 2017 Finish Friday 26 th May Final Publication-Oct 2017 Application- planned for early 2019 NEAP to be revised in parallel NZEB Interim Specification for Public buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities issued 23 rd Dec 2016 for buildings commencing design in early 2017 Consultation with Stakeholders: OPW,DES,HSE,SEAI, Construction Industry Council (RIAI,SCS,EI,ACEI,CIF),CIBSE, Public Sector workshop approx. 200 attendees

8 Key Components of performance requirement TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings Provides an improvement in performance in the order of 60% over 2008 TGD L Improved Fabric Specification Advanced Services and Lighting specification Renewable Energy Ratio of 20% (flexibility of 10%).

9 Proposed Performance requirements for Buildings other than Dwellings Specification- Reference Building-Fabric Parameter Current reference values-tgd L 2008 Reference values-tgd L Public Consultation Total Floor Area and Building Volume Opening Areas Same as actual building Offices and Shops windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls Same as actual building Walls U=0.27 W/m 2 K U=0.18 W/m2K Roofs U=0.16 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K Floor U=0.25 W/m2K U=0.15 W/m2K Offices and Shops windows and pedestrian doors are 40% of the total area of exposed walls Thermal bridging Add 16% to fabric heat loss Actual Length of Key Junctions x Advanced psi value Air Permeability 10m 3 /(hr.m 2 ) 5m 3 /(hr.m 2 ) Floor area <250m 2 3m 3 /(hr.m 2 ) Floor area >250m 2 Window U Value Solar energy transmittance 2.2 W/(m 2 K) W/(m 2 K) 0.40

10 Parameter Heating efficiency (heating and hot water)% Cooling Seasonal Energy Efficiency Air conditioned building Ratio (SEER) Lighting Services Current reference values- TGD L 2008 Proposed reference values-tgd L 2017/Public Sector Specification 0.73 CoP 91% Gas Boiler SEER=1.67 divide the illuminance by 100, then multiply by 3.75 W/m2 per 100 lux SEER= lm/circuit watt Occupancy Control Local Manual Switching Automated Daylight Control Local Manual Switching Automated Central Ventilation SFP 2 (W/(l/s)) 1.8 (W/(l/s)) Variable speed control of fans No Renewable Energy Ratio None 20% using photovoltaics Yes

11 TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings- Renewable Energy Ratio (RER) Renewables requirement will be included in TGD L Buildings other than Dwellings as Renewable Energy Ratio (RER)-20% The following represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies in order to satisfy Regulation L6 (b); - Where the MPEPC of 1.0 and MPCPC of 1.15 is achieved an RER of 0.20 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies Where the MPEPC of 0.9 and MPCPC of 1.04 is achieved an RER of 0.10 represents a very significant level of energy provision from renewable energy technologies Renewable energy sources include Photovoltaics, Heat Pumps (Air source and ground source), Biomass, Solar Thermal,Primary Energy Savings from Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Renewable district heating

12 Proposed Energy and Carbon Dioxide emissions performance for NZEB Office Buildings Building type Primary energy CO2 emissions Building Energy Rating % Improveme nt Energy %Improve ment C02 emissions Office NV 2F: LMF kwh/yr/m² kg/yr/m² Indicator BER % % A Office AC 2F: LMF A Office NV 4F: MC A Office AC 4F: MC A Office NV 4F: LMF Office AC 4F: LMF Hotel AC MC Retail AC LMF Mixed Use LMF School Prim. MC A A B A A A

13 Minimum Performance Requirements-New Buildings Table 1- Backstop U-Values (W/m 2 K)-as per Dwellings Pitched Roofs 0.16, Walls 0.21, Windows 1.6, Flat roofs 0.20 Par Overheating-Limiting Solar Gain (a) For every space that is defined in NEAP database as being side lit, the reference case is an east-facing façade with full width glazing to a height of 1.0m. having a framing factor of 10 per cent and a normal solar energy transmittance (g-value) of Par overheating assessment The designer should specify what the indoor comfort specification and perform an overheating assessment in accordance with CIBSE Guide A Chapter 5 and CIBSE TM 52 to ensure overheating is avoided. Tables 2,4,6 Minimimum Efficiencies-Boilers, Specific Fan Powers, Cooling EERs Par and Table 3 Boilers over 100kW to have Building Management System controls Par and Table 7-AC systems over 200m2 to have Building Management System controls Par Lighting-Table 8 lms/cct watt or Table 9 LENI

14 Column 1 Fabric Elements Backstop U values Table 1 Maximum elemental U-value 1,2 (W/m 2 ) Roofs Pitched roof - Insulation at ceiling - Insulation on slope Flat roof Column 2 Area weighted Average Column 3 Elemental U-value Individual element or section of element Walls Ground Floors Other exposed floors External personnel doors, windows and rooflights 4,5,6, Opaque Curtain Walling Vehicle access and similar large doors Airtightness 5m3/hr/m2

15 Controls-Heating For buildings with a heat demand of more than 100kW a full building management system should be installed to control the boiler(s). A full BMS linked to the heating plant will provide sequential controls of multiple boilers, full zoned time control and weather compensation where applicable, frost protection or night set-back optimization and monitoring and targeting. Table 3 Recommended minimum controls packages for new boilers and multiple boiler systems Boiler Plant output Package Minimum Controls <100kW A (a) Timing and temperature demand control which should be zone specific where the building floor area is greater than 150m 2 (b) Weather compensation except where a constant temperature supply is required 100kW to 500kW B (a) The BMS should include: (a) Controls package A above. (b) Optimum start/stop control with either night set-back or frost protection outside occupied periods. (c) Two stage high/low firing facility in boiler or multiple boilers with sequence control to provide efficient part load performance. Note: The heat loss from non-firing boiler modules should be limited by design or application. For boilers that do not have low standing losses it may be necessary to install isolation valves or dampers > 500kW individual boilers C (a) Controls Package A and controls package B For gas-fired boilers and multi-stage oil-fired boilers, fully modulating boiler controls

16 Controls air conditioning A minimum controls package should be provided as in Table 7. Where the floor area to be air conditioned is greater than 200m 2 a Building Management System should be installed which provides centralized control for air conditioning systems. In larger or more complex buildings, the guidance contained in CIBSE Guide H: Building Control Systems may also be followed. Table 7 Recommended minimum controls for air distribution systems from I.S. EN 15232:2012 System type Controls package Central mechanical Air flow control at room level Time control ventilation with heating, Air flow control at air handler level On/Off time control cooling or heat recovery Heat exchanger defrosting control Defrost control so that during cold periods ice does not form on the heat exchanger Heat exchanger-overheating control Overheating control so that when the system is cooling and heat recovery is undesirable, the heat exchanger is stopped modulated ore bypassed Supply temperature control Variable setpoint with outdoor temperature compensation Central Mechanical Air flow control at room level Time control ventilation with heating or Air flow control at air handler level On/off time control heat recovery Heat exchanger defrosting control Defrost control so that during cold periods ice does not form on the heat exchanger Heat exchanger overheating control Overheating control so that when the system is cooling and heat recovery is undesirable, the heat exchanger is stopped, modulated or bypassed Supply Temperature Control Demand control Zonal Air flow control at room level On/off time control Air flow control at handler level No Control Supply temperature control No control Local Air flow control at room level On/off Air flow control at air handler level No Control Supply temperature control No Control

17 Fan Power & Cooling Efficiencies Table 4 Maximum specific fan power in air distribution systems System type SFP (W/(l/s) Central balanced mechanical ventilation 1.6 system with heating and cooling Central balanced mechanical ventilation 1.5 system with heating only All other central balanced mechanical 1.1 ventilation systems Zonal supply system where fan is remote 1.1 from zone, such as ceiling void or roofmounted units Zonal extract system where fan is remote 0.5 from zone Zonal supply and extract ventilation units, 1.9 such as ceiling void or roof units serving single area with heat recovery Local balanced supply and extract 1.6 ventilation system such as wall/roof units serving single area with heat recovery Local supply or extract ventilation units 0.3 such as window/wall/roof units serving single area (e.g. toilet extract) Other local ventilation supply or extract 0.5 units Fan assisted terminal VAV unit 1.1 Fan coil unit (rating weighted average1,2) 0.5 Kitchen extract, fan remote from zone with grease filter 1.0 Table 6 Minimum Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for cooling Type Packaged Air Conditioners Single-Duct type 2.6 Other Types 2.6 Split and multi-split air conditioners >12 kw Split and multi-split air conditioners <12 kw Cooling unit full load EER 2.6 Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems 2.6 Vapour Compression cycle chillers, water cooled < 750 kw Vapour Compression cycle chillers, water cooled >750 kw Vapour Compression cycle chillers, air cooled < 750 kw Vapour Compression cycle chillers, water cooled >750 kw SCOP D rating for median temperature range in I.S. EN14825: Water loop heat pump 3.2 Absorption cycle chillers 0.7 Gas engine-driven variable refrigerant flow 1.0

18 Lighting Lighting in new buildings should meet the minimum recommended standards for: efficacy (averaged over the whole area of the applicable type of space in the building) and controls in Table 8 OR maximum Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) (kwh/m2/year) listed in Table 9. LENI is based on BS EN 15193:2007 Energy Performance of Buildings. Energy Requirements for Lighting.. The LENI should be calculated using the procedure in Table 9. The procedure for designing to LENI is provided in Appendix G. Table 8 General lighting in office industrial and storage spaces Controls a. daylight space with photo-switching with or without override a. daylit space with photo-switching and dimming with or without override a. unoccupied space with auto on and off a. unoccupied space with manual on and auto off Table 9 Recommended maximum LENI (kwh per square metre per year) in new buildings Hours Illuminance (lux) Display lighting Tota l Day Night Normal Shop Initial luminaire lumens/circuit watt 60 Control Reduced luminaire Factor lumens/circuit-watt space not daylit dimmed for constant illuminance a + c a + d b + c b + d e + c window e + d General lighting in other types of space The average initial efficacy should be not less than 60 lamp lumens/circuit watt Display lighting The average initial efficacy should be not less than 22 lamp lumens/circuit watt

19 Par Commissioning Commissioning/Handover The key elements of a commissioning plan, identifying the systems that need to be tested and the tests that will be carried out and should be developed at the design stage. The BSRIA Job Book A project framework for engineering services BG1/2009 provides further useful information on Commissioning of Buildings other than Dwellings. Airtightness testing , air pressure testing should be carried on all development sites, as outlined in paragraphs to to show attainment of backstop value of 5 m3/hr/m2. The tests should be carried out by a person certified by an independent third party to carry out this work, e.g. National Standards Authority of Ireland certified or equivalent. The test report should contain at least the information specified in Section 7 of I.S. EN ISO 9972: Ductwork leakage testing Ductwork leakage testing should be carried out on Class C and Class D ductwork where required by and in accordance with the procedures set out in B&ES DW/143 and B&ES DW/144 on systems served by fans with a design flow greater than 1m3/s. Handover Par The owner of the building should be provided with sufficient information about the building, the fixed building services and their maintenance requirements so that the building can be operated in such a manner as to use no more fuel and energy than is reasonable in the circumstances.

20 TGD L-Draft Major Renovation proposal Define as more than 25% of the surface area of the building envelope undergoes renovation Provide menu of measures to bring to cost optimal when more than 25% of surface area being renovated: Upgrade inefficient heating systems Upgrade inefficient cooling systems Upgrade inefficient lighting systems

21 TGD L Major Renovations Par When calculating the proportion of surface area undergoing renovation the area of the whole building external envelope should be taken into account including i.e. external walls, roofs, floors, windows, doors, and roof windows and lights Works to the surface area of the building include the following: Cladding the external surface of the element Drylining the internal surface of an element Replacing windows Stripping down the element to expose the basic structural components (brickwork/blockwork, timberframe steelframe, joists, rafters etc.) and then rebuilding to achieve all the necessary performance requirements. Painting, replastering or rendering are not considered a major renovation for this part of the regulation. Par The following improvements are normally considered to be cost optimal and will typically be economically feasible when more than 25% of the surface area of a building is being upgraded Upgrading heating systems more than 15 years old and with an efficiency of less than that shown in in table 10 Upgrading cooling and ventilation systems more than 15 years old and a cooling unit Energy Efficiency Ration less than that in Table 14 and/or Specific Fan Power greater than that in Table 12 and by the provision of new plant and Upgrading general lighting systems that have an average lamp efficacy of less than 40 lamplumens per circuit-watt and that serves greater than 100m2 to the guidance in section

22 TGD L Major Renovations-alternative approach Table 20 Whole Building Cost Optimal Level Building Type Retail Air Conditioned Office Natural Ventilated offices and other Buildings Office Air Conditioned Hotel Major Renovation - Cost Optimal Performance kwh/m 2 /yr Air Conditioned Schools 60 Other Air Conditioned Buildings 338 Other Naturally Ventilated Buildings 124

23 Costs Performance requirements are based on cost optimal reports published in accordance with EPBD: Table 5.3a of Residential and Non Residential Cost Optimal Report 1 provides Initial Investment Costs for the energy related costs for different performance levels for 5 buildings. Consultant appointed for TGD L 2017 Buildings other than Dwellings and costs will be available for Public Consultation. 1

25 Training NZEB building design,ventilation design, Renewables-Heat pumps, CHP, PV, District Heating, Non Residential Lighting, Onsite skills, Solar gains/overheating, Optimsing fabric Working with Dublin Institute of Technology, Qualibuild, NZEBRA DIT School of Mechanical & Design Engineering CPD modules which will be available part time in Bolton Street from September 2017 DIT School of Architecture online MSc modules developed under the H2020 MEnS project available from Sept 2017

26 Next Steps Part L/TGD L 2017-Buildings other than dwellings Public Consultation of TGD L and Regulatory Impact Assessment Start 24 th Mar Close of TGD L 2017 Public Consultation 26 th May Publication of TGD L by Q TGD L 2017 planned to apply by start of 2019 (subject to regulatory process) Part L Dwellings 2018 Public Consultation early 2018 Application 2019 (subject to regulatory process)

EU Study CT5 Report Selected Examples of NZEB http://www.epbd-ca.

28 EU Study CT5 Report Selected Examples of NZEB New Build: - Walls 0.13 W/m 2 K - Windows 0.82W/m 2 K - Roof 0.11W/m 2 K - Renewables-Pellet boiler and 938m2 PV

Efficiency House Plus with E-mobility in Berlin Project aim: Building address: This pilot building generates its own energy and makes it available to the users and the electric vehicles.

29 Efficiency House Plus with E-mobility in Berlin Project aim: Building address: This pilot building generates its own energy and makes it available to the users and the electric vehicles. Excess energy is fed back into the grid or stored in a battery. An annual positive energy balance is required for primary and final energy use. Fasanenstraße 87a, Berlin Building type: Residential Non-residential Public New Renovated Building size: Building envelope construction: Building envelope U-values: Building service systems: X Single-family house with 2 floors 203 m² useful floor area (A N, with A N =0.32*V gross ), 138 m² living area The floor, the walls and the roof are made of timber panels filled with up to 52 cm cellulose insulation. The windows have triple glazing. Thermal bridges have been minimised. Photovoltaic modules cover the roof and the façade. All house elements can be separated and moved to another location or be disposed of after the lifetime of the building. Wall 0.11 W/m²K Window 0.70 W/m²K Roof/ceiling to the attic 0.11 W/m²K Cellar ceiling/ground slab 0.11 W/m²K The house is heated by a central heating system with an air-to-water heat pump and floor heating. A balanced mechanical ventilation system with 80 % heat recovery and a building energy management system with touch pads are installed. The PV systems on the roof and facades generate electricity that is used by the building, fed into the grid or stored in a battery. The battery, with a capacity of 40 kwh, is made of 7,250 single second-hand battery cells formerly used in electric cars. X

30 Minimum Boiler Efficiency Provisions Table 2 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services 1 Gas, oil and biomass-fired boilers new buildings Seasonal efficiency (gross) 2 Natural Gas Single boiler system< 2MW 90% output Single boiler system> 2MW 86% output Multiple boiler system 82% for any individual boiler 86% for overall multi-boiler system LPG Single boiler system< 2MW output 93% Single boiler system>2mw 87% output Multiple boiler system 82% for any individual boiler 86% for overall multi-boiler system Oil Single Boiler System 84% Multiple Boiler System 82% for any individual boiler 86% for overall multi-boiler system Biomass-independent, automatic, pellet/woodchip 75%

31 Comparison with other Countries

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) Seán Armstrong, Housing/Building Standards Section, DHPCLG

Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) Seán Armstrong, Housing/Building Standards Section, DHPCLG Outline Current Part L Requirements Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and NZEB Dwellings