Feedstock Recycling of Waste

Transcription

1 Feedstock Recycling of Waste December 5, 2017 Institute for Technical Chemistry () KIT The Research University in the Helmholtz Association

2 Implementation of a Circular Economy for Carbon Containing Materials Replacement of fossil carbon feedstocks by recycled materials A variety of recycling processes have been developed in the past for: Mechanical/material recycling Feedstock recycling of waste Waste to energy Carbon CE Drivers: (Temporarily) high oil prices Advanced environmental legislation Carbon CE Barriers: Low fossil feedstock prices High capital demand of new process chains Material recycling in place for: Pure manufacturing residues Some fractions from sorting systems 3 December 5, 2017 Feedstock recycling of waste - Dieter Stapf

3 Carbon Cycle Energy CO 2 7

4 Defossilization of the Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle Chemicals and RE-fuels from Biomass Waste recycling CO 2 -capture 9 December 5, 2017 Feedstock recycling of waste - Dieter Stapf

5 Residual Biomass Potential Sustainable supply of 10% of Germany s primary energy demand, approx PJ (278 TWh) Theoretical potential of biomass residues in Germany. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.v. (FNR) 2015, Biomassepotentiale von Rest- und Abfallstoffen: Status quo in Deutschland, Schriftenreihe Nachwachsende Rohstoffe 36 10

6 Energy Demand of the Industrial Sector Total primary energy demand German industry 2013: TWh Nach: statistisches Bundesamt, sse/tabellen/primaerenergieverbrauch.html; am

7 Carbon Material Sources & Demand in Germany Today Biomass, 150 mn t/a: MSW, 50 mn t/a: Material utilization of fossil sources (w/o coke): Fuels for mobility: Total primary energy consumption: PJ ca. 250 PJ 975 PJ PJ PJ 12 December 5, 2017 Feedstock recycling of waste - Dieter Stapf

8 MSW Thermal Treatment Status 2012 Mil. Mg/a Incineration SRF-plants * incl Mg sewadge sludge (dry) ** incl Mg sewadge sludge (dry) Cement Co-Combustion On behalf of the Federal Environmental Agency

9 Incineration Technology Standard technology Alternative technologies Special thermal treatment emission issues

10 Thermal Waste Treatment in Germany Mio t of Waste Treatment S 24,2 (2012) 1,3 0,6 2,0 Thermal Waste Treatment Plant Sewage Sludge Incineration Hazardous Waste Incineration Other Thermal Plants (e.g. Pyrolysis) 20,2 (not including dedicated SRF-plants) destatis, article no: , Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden

11 Incineration Technology Reverse acting grate with dry bottom ash discharge Option: Metal recovery from bottom ashes

12 Plasma Gasification Abandoned Air Products to halt UK Tees Site EfW plasma gasification project

13 MSW Pyrolysis Plant at Burgau, Germany Started up in 1983 Final capacity: 26 kt/a Shut down in Dec

14 Burgau: Pretreatment of waste Disassembled feeding system:

15 100 MW (ca. 25 Mg/h) CFB-gasifier at the CEMEX Rüdersdorf cement plant running on SRF for approx. 20 years (Energetic syngas utilization) Quicker,P., Neuerburg,F., Adrianna Huras,Y.N., Eyssen,R.G., Seifert,H., Vehlow,J., Thomé-Kozmiensky,K., Status of AlternativeTechniques for Thermal Waste Treatment, Expert Report No for the Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Compensation, Building and Nuclear Safety, Germany, Dieter Stapf Feedstock utilization of plastic waste 21

16 Special Thermal Treatment Emission Issues Composits Persistant Organic Pollutants Carbon Fibers PMMA-NC (10 Gew-% TiO 2 )

17 Development of the Recovery of Plastics kt Landfill Ban Total Recovery Mechanically Material Rec. Energetic Recovery 23

18 Entrance Opportunities SYNGAS Methanol Methane MTO Ethylene Ethane Natural gas Propane Dehydrogenation Propylen Butane Steam Cracking Butadiene Naphta SYNCRUDE FCC Butene Gasoil Quelle: Chen, J. Q.; Bozzano, A.; Glover, B.; Fuglerud, T.; Kvisle, S. (2005): Recent advancements in ethylene and propylene production using the UOP/Hydro MTO Process. In: Catalysis Today. Elsevir106,

19 Thermochemical Processes for Feedstock Recycling of Carbon Containing Waste - Challenges Feedstock flexible processes allowing for economies of scale Mixed waste feedstock Waste to Chemicals-process chains to be applied in Chemical, Metallurgical or Minerals / Building materials industries Main products depending on process are syngas, synthetic crude oil (petrochemical liquid feed), reducing agents Byproducts are physical energy and mineral products (P, ) Deposit for critical components (Cl,S, ) Pretreatment - Conversion - Upgrading

20 Thermochemical Conversion Technologies for Solid Feed to Secondary Chemical Feedstocks (Major reaction step) Pyrolysis Rotary-Kiln, Multiphase-Flowreactor, Catalytic / Hydrogenating Liquifaction, Gasification Others Fixed bed, Fluidized bed, Entrained Flow Special type (Plasma, ) Co-Gasification (Shaft Furnace in Metallurgical / Mineral processing) Thermolysis Hydrothermal treatment Dieter Stapf Feedstock utilization of plastic waste 27