Innova&on in Services. Exploring MNCs in Mexico

Transcription

1 Innova&on in Services. Exploring MNCs in Mexico Jordy Micheli, UAM Jorge Carrillo, El Colef Colloque Interna&onal du CRIMT, Montréal, 2011

2 The facts Service sector have proved to be the engine of the economy in the last two decades at least, and the firms of that sector constantly take places more relevant in the global market. It is a well known example that in the famous Forbes 500 each year insurance, banking, delivery, or retail companies, are be@er ranked (WalMart s top place since 2007)

3 There are many preocesses to explore and explain about services The role of services in macroeconomic structure ( dynamism, salaries, welfare state, etc.) Innova&on in services Services & manufacture services interna&onaliza&on Virtual services

4 Main focus on MNCs Raw materials and manufacturing: capital exports for compe&ng integra&ng the cycle of commerce and local produc&on (main theories: Baran, Sweezy; Hymer, Vernon, interna&onaliza&on, neoclassical, value chain, etc.) Services?

5 In tradi&onal theories, local produc&on was the star&ng process and the interna&onal produc&on was the ques&on. (why?, where?, how?, etc.) Today, MNC s are organic, there is no separa&on between «local» and «foreign» to understand the diynamics of produc&on and marke&ng. That is in essence the globaliza&on of manufacturing economy.

6 What happens with services? Perhaps there are services with more proximity to processes in tradi&onal manufacture, and other services absolutly news in their processes. ICT s based services

7 In our paper we will explore the database of the inquiry Firmas Multinacionales en México, conducted by J. Carrillo, in order to answer a question: w We believe: The services generate several ques&ons about the behavior of the firm, in terms of their organiza&onal and technological processes. The innova&on in services remains as a central ques&on for researchers and policymakers. The integra&on between manufacturing and services is a trend that transforms the compe&&ve basis of firms in tradi&onal industries. From the point of view of the studies on Mul&na&onal Firms, services are a door for a greater understanding of the phenomenon of global expansion of the economy.

8 In our paper we will explore the database of the inquiry Firmas Mul+nacionales en México, conducted by J. Carrillo, in order to answer a ques&on: what are the differences and similari&es between subsidiaries in México pertaining to manufacturing and service sector? The axis of our analysis the innova&on process inside the firm s organiza&on. The result can make a be\er understanding of the significance of services in the interna&onal economic structure and it could be specially relevant for a country as Mexico, considered as an emergent economy.

9 Manufactura Servicios EEUU México Japón Suiza India China 10,8% 9,8% 7,3% 4,9% 1,5% 4,9% 15,4% 19,5% 31,7% 47,7% Brasil Panamá Canadá Bélgica España Taiwán Francia Alemania Inglaterra Singapur Corea del sur Otros 2,3% 1,5% 3,8% 6,9% 1,5% 1,5% 1,5% 5,6% Na^onal Origin of MNCs in the Mexican sample

10 National Origin of DFI in Mexico Total Total general % Estados Unidos de América 50.95% España 15.08% Holanda 14.32% Canadá 3.99% Gran Bretaña 2.95% Islas Vírgenes 2.03% Alemania 1.87% Suiza 1.63% Japón 0.87% Luxemburgo 0.72% Otros 5.58%

11 Employment s Growth During las 3 years in Mexican opera^ons Manufacturing (as a % of total firms in manufacturing) Services ( as % of total firms in services) Total RD Customer service Temporary workers Number of sites

12 «High» evalua^on of the next aspects of workforce in mexican opera^ons Quality of Employees coming from universi&es Manufacturing Services Quality of Employees coming from technical schools Ability to learn Ability to work with CIT Ability to workteaming Discipline Worker s ini&a&ve

13 More than 40 training hours for employees MANUFACTURING SERVICES (average, 2007) 37.7% 56.1 %

14 Factors that strongly contribute to new investments/opera^ons In mexican susbsidiaries Developing new competences /skills Labor s environemnt quality MANUFACTURING SERVICES Cost structure Ability to innovate Local suplier s avallablity Labor flexiblity

15 Statement that defines the company s situa^on for the main product(s)/ service(s) Significantly adapted to local market Adapted to different World s region but standarized Globally standarized MANUFACTURING SERVICES

16 CONCLUSIONS: The data base about MNC in Mexico, allows to us to compare Manufacturing with Services. First differences shown in general are not surprising. This is a good start point to compare with other countries and deeper research, integra^ng MNCs to a general comprehension of the service s economy.

17 Thank tou Mercí