Two types of compounds we will study in Science 10 are: Ionic compounds are formed through the process of ionic bonding.

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1 Outcme 1 Tpic 3 Inic Cmpunds Hw Atms Bnd Tw types f cmpunds we will study in Science 10 are: a. Inic Cmpunds are frmed between a catin and anin b. Mlecular cmpunds are frmed between nn metal atms Inic cmpunds are neutral and stable cmpunds Inic cmpunds are frmed thrugh the prcess f inic bnding. Inic bnds frm between atms f metals and nn metals. They are frmed whenever electrns are transferred frm a metal atm t a nnmetal atm. < < There are many different ways that inic cmpunds can frm a. A univalent metal catin + a simple nn metal anin b. A multivalent metal + a simple nn metal anin c. Cmpunds frmed with plyatmic catins and/r anins A. A univalent metal catin + a simple nn metal anin Univalent means an element that has nly ne pssible in frm i. E.g. Sdium has nly ne in Na + simple metal + simple nn metal inic cmpund Sdium + chlrine sdium chlride Example 2: Lithium + flurine Write the balanced chemical frmula fr the cmpund: Example 3: Wrd Frmula: Magnesium + Brmine Write the balanced chemical frmula fr the cmpund: 1

2 Naming Inic Cmpunds: All inic cmpunds are made f tw parts: a catin and an anin Therefre names f inic cmpunds als have tw parts: Name the catin first by using the elements name (usually a metal) Name the anin secnd by changing the ending f the elements name t ide Frmula Catin Anin Name NaCl Na + Cl BaF 2 Ba 2+ F K 3 N K + N 3 Predicting Inic Cmpund Frmula The frmula fr an inic cmpund cntains element symbls that identify the type f in present in the cmpund Ex. NaCl tells us that there is sdium and chlride ins present in the cmpund The frmula may als have number subscripts that tells us hw many f each in makes up the cmpund. Ex. BaF 2 tells us that there is 2 fluride atms and nly 1 barium atm in the cmpund All inic cmpunds are cmpsed f an equal number f psitive and negative charges. Therefre the ttal charge f the catins must equal the ttal charge f the anins. < 2

3 a)silver and idine b)magnesium and xygen c)magnesium and brmine d)calcium and nitrgen e)zinc and selenium f)sdium and sulfur g)barium and phsphrus h)aluminium and flurine i)ptassium and chlrine j)silver and xygen Name silver idide Frmula AgI(s) 3

4 a) MgCl2 b) Ag3N c) CsF d) CdO e) MgBr2 f) Al2O3 g) NaI h) K2S i) BaS j) Li3P 4

5 Cmpunds frmed with multivalent metals Multivalent metals a metal that has mre than ne pssible in that can frm frm the atm. Ex. Irns can exist in tw frms: irn (III) and irn (II) The Rman numerals tell yu the charge n the in and which ne shuld be used in the chemical frmula. There are tw types f prblems yu will run int when using multivalent metals. 1. Determining the name f a cmpund frm the chemical frmula. 2. Writing the chemical frmula frm the name 1. Determining the name f a cmpund frm the chemical frmula Example 1: Write the wrd frmula fr FeO Rman numerals tell us the charge n the catin and must be included in the wrd frmulas. Example 2: Write the wrd frmula fr Fe 2 O 3 Example 3: Write the wrd frmula fr Cu 2 O 2. Writing the chemical frmula frm the wrd frmula This is easier because we knw the charge n the multivalent metal, just fllw the rules fr predicting frmula. Example 1: Write the frmula fr nickel (II) sulfide 5

6 a) irn and sulfur b) cpper and xygen c) manganese and flurine d) gld and nitrgen Name irn(iii) sulfide Frmula Fe 2 S 3 (s) e) chrmium and chlrine f) platinum and phsphrus g) nickel and xygen h) cbalt and brmine i) tungsten and idine j) manganese and sulfur 6

7 a) FeCl2(s) irn(ii) chlride b) FeBr3(s) c) CrS(s) d) SnO2(s) e) Pb3N2(s) f) HgI2(s) g) CrO3(s) h) MnF4(s) i) Cu2O(s) j) AuI3(s) 7

8 Cmpunds frmed with Plyatmic Ins A plyatmic in is an in made f many nn metal atms jined tgether. These cluster f atms carry a net electrical charge (usually negative) and act as either catins r anins when frming an inic cmpund (usually act as an anin). In chemical reactins, the plyatmic in stays tgether and has a charge (that is given in the table f Plyatmic ins) There are many plyatmic ins (als called cmplex ins). See the chart n eth back f yur peridic tables. Yu need t becme familiar with these. Naming Inic Cmpunds cntaining Plyatmic Ins Metal catin r plyatmic catin keeps its name Plyatmic anin keeps its name as it appears n the chart Predicting Chemical Frmulas made with Plyatmic Ins Example 1: What is the chemical frmula fr sdium hydrxide Example 2: What is the chemical frmula fr lithium sulphate? Example 3: What is the chemical frmula fr ammnium sulphate? Example 4: What is the name f Ca(OH) 2? Example 5: What is the name f K 2 Cr 2 O 7? Imprtant t Nte: Brackets are imprtant and necessary if there is mre than ne plyatmic in Dn t change the names f plyatmic ins when naming 8

9 COMBINE IONS (ptinal) FORMULA NAME irn(ii) & nitrate Fe 2+ NO 3 Fe(NO 3 ) 2 irn(ii) nitrate aluminium & nitrate sdium & sulfate lead(iv) & sulfate magnesium & carbnate gld(iii) & sulfite zinc & hydrgencarb nate ammnium & nitrate cpper(i) & phsphate silver & hydrxide aluminium & hydrxide lead(ii) & phsphate ptassium & acetate manganese(v) & sulfate Al 3+ NO 3 Al(NO 3 ) 3 aluminium nitrate 9

10 1) calcium acetate 2) ptassium chlride 3) ammnium carbnate 4) sdium nitride 5) titanium(iv) hypchlrite 6) irn(iii) sulfide 7) zinc dichrmate 8) platinum(iv) xide 9) aluminium hydrxide 10) mercury(ii) nitrate 11) strntium fluride 12) tin(iv) hydrgenxalate 13) calcium perxide 14) gld(i) sulfate 15) lead(iv) thicyanate 16) nickel(iii) sulfide 17) CsI(s) 18) SnCl 4 (s) 19) Cr(NO 3 ) 3 (s) 20) (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 (s) 21) Cu 2 SO 4 (s) 22) Mg(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 (s) 23) Na 2 S 2 O 3 (s) 24) AgClO 3 (s) 25) Zn(OH) 2 (s) 10