Division of Research and Graduate Studies Laboratory Safety Manual

Transcription

1 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 1 f 4 Octber 25, WHAT IS NOT A WASTE MATERIAL? 1.1. Any materials that can nt be reused, r is spent and that must be dispsed f. Material that is still "gd" r "reusable" is nt waste. Material that can be redistributed t ther KSU Labs r areas is nt waste. 2. WHAT IS A HAZARDOUS WASTE? 2.1. A Hazardus Waste is a waste material that meets ne r mre f the fllwing definitins r is therwise dangerus t human safety and/r the envirnment: 2.2. FLAMMABLE / IGNITABLE: Any material having a flashpint f less than 140 degrees Fahrenheit/60 degrees Celsius. This will include mst nn-halgenated slvents. Water sluble slvents such as ethanl and acetne are als cvered by this regulatin if the flashpint f the material r the mixture is belw 140 degrees Fahrenheit/60 degrees Celsius. Any material which by its nature is cnsidered t be a flammable slid such as Sdium Metal, Slid Naphthalene, and Nitrcellulse TOXIC: Any material which by nature f its active ingredients is cnsidered t be a pisn, carcingen, mutagen r ther reprductive hazard, r is capable f causing harm t the envirnment CORROSIVE: Any material having a ph f less than 2 r mre than 12.5 must be treated as hazardus waste and cannt be dispsed f in the sanitary sewer withut first being neutralized, prvided it has n ther dangerus prperties such as txicity REACTIVE: Any material that is unstable, explsive, water r air reactive, strng xidizer, rganic perxide, cyanide and sulfide bearing materials that release txic gases in cntact with acid BIOHAZARDOUS: Human r Animal tissue r fluids that are cntaminated r may be cntaminated with pathgenic rganisms and/r txic chemicals. Tissue r fluids that have been thrughly sterilized by autclaving, chemical sterilizatin r ther methds are nt cnsidered t be bihazardus waste, but may still need special dispsal LISTED WASTE: Waste that is listed n the nn-specific surces (F-list), the specific surces (K-list), the certain discarded prducts list (U-list) r the acutely hazardus discarded prducts (P-list). 3. LABELING OF WASTE CONTAINERS 3.1. All hazardus waste cntainers must have a label that states "HAZARDOUS WASTE," and the specific names f the wastes. D nt use abbreviatins r chemical frmulas. 4. PROPER CONTAINERS 4.1. Generally the best cntainers fr hazardus waste are the nes that the materials riginally came in. Other cntainers, such as 5 galln jugs are acceptable as lng as the cntainers and any residue left inside are cmpatible with the waste material. All cntainers must have tight-fitting lids, n crks r grund glass stppers. Parafilm is nt a substitute fr a tight fitting lid When nt actually puring waste int r ut f the cntainer the tp must be securely fastened. Yu cannt leave a funnel sitting in the cntainer. The nly exceptin t this is fr prcesses such as HPLC that runs and adds waste t the cntainer cntinuusly. When the HPLC prcess is nt running the tp must be n the cntainer.

2 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 2 f 4 5. STORAGE AND COMPATIBILITY Octber 25, At n time shuld there be mre than 55 gallns f waste allwed t accumulate in any area prir t pickup. At n time shuld there be waste stred ver drains r in the sinks. Waste must be stred in a secure place, where it is always under the cntrl f lab persnnel. Waste stred utside the lab must be stred in the immediate vicinity f the labratry r wrk area, kept behind lck and key, inspected, and kept in a clean lcatin. Waste shuld nt be stred with "gd" chemicals. Yu must stre nly cmpatible wastes tgether in same cntainers as waste chemicals are accumulated. 6. The examples belw are fr incmpatible wastes: 6.1. ELEMENTAL METALS/HYDRIDES AND ACIDS/ALCOHOLS CYANIDES AND ACIDS SULFIDES AND ACIDS OXIDIZERS AND FLAMMABLE ACIDS AND BASES ACIDS AND FLAMMABLE ACIDS AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS AMINES AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS WATER OR AIR REACTIVES AND ANYTHING PHENOL AND FORMALDEHYDE 6.2. This list is nt all inclusive if in dubt d nt mix! Yu shuld always cnsult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) r ther chemical infrmatin surces fr cmpatibility infrmatin. Halgenated (chlrinated) and mercuric waste chemicals shuld be kept separate frm nn-halgenated wastes. Acid waste must be kept separate frm basic waste. 7. DISPOSAL OF CHEMICALS 7.1. Waste generated frm labs in Smith, SRL and Williams Halls are t be stred in the Waste Strage rm lcated ff f the Williams Hall lading dck fr pick up. Waste generated in labs lcated in Cunningham Hall are t be stred in the Waste Strage Rm in Cunningham A basement. Wastes frm the LCM Building are t be kept in the generating lab until picked up by the waste hauler. Call Jim Dunlap, ext when yu have a full cntainer f waste t arrange fr pick up. 8. SAFETY 8.1. When handling hazardus waste take extreme care t ensure persnal safety and t prevent spills and accidents. Small spills f knwn materials shuld be immediately taken care f by persnnel in the labs r wrk areas. If the spill invlves a hazardus waste the debris and clean up materials will be a hazardus waste als. 9. Fr large spills the Department Chemical Hygiene Officer, Department Safety Officer and the Manager, Labratry Safety (Tm Bialke, 4996) shuld be called If the spill ccurs after hurs/weekends/hliday, call 911 frm any campus phne If the spill r release invlves a dangerus r ptentially dangerus material then evacuate the immediate area, shut all drs and windw if pssible, and call 911 frm any campus phne. Yu shuld stay n the line until tld t hang up by the KSU Dispatcher. Persns invlved with the prblem shuld remain in the area at a safe distance away t prvide infrmatin n the materials invlved and prcedures ging n in the area.

3 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 3 f HAZARDOUS WASTE MINIMIZATION Octber 25, Federal and State law requires that all generatrs wh create hazardus waste cme up with strategies t cut bth the vlume and txicity f their wastes. Strategies t minimize the waste that yur area generates are: Substitutin - replacing txic r ther hazardus materials used in prcesses with less r nn-hazardus substances. This is the best way t minimize yur hazardus waste respnsibilities. Example: using alcnx instead f sulfuric/chrmic acid glass cleaners Micr Chemistry - using minute quantities and small scale chemistry instead f large amunts f chemicals in labratry experiments Redistilling - reclaiming slvents fr reuse by a distilling prcess in the labratry. This als is a great way t cut csts as yu cut the cst f replacement slvents drastically Recycling/Redistributin - chemicals that are unused r unpened can ften be redistributed t ther labs r wrk areas fr reuse saving bth dispsal csts and new prduct csts fr smene else Labratry Destructin - Sme chemicals can be neutralized r made exempt frm hazardus waste regulatins by treatment r alteratin in the labratry. This must be dne as part f the experiment and must be dne accrding t published, recgnized methds. An example f lab destructin wuld be neutralizing f strng acids r bases with a buffering slutin as part f an experiment that required r created such materials Sink Dispsal - Chemicals NEVER shuld be put dwn the drain because f safety cncerns and the prblems the chemical may cause at the City f Kent waste water treatment plant. If yu have a chemical that yu think can be safely dispsed f dwn the drain, call Tm Bialke, 4996 t btain authrizatin. 11. Revisin Histry Rev # Date Reasn Fr Change Apprval 2 March 13, 2014

4 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 4 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 Labratry Waste Dispsal Table f Cntents 1. Intrductin 2. The 5 Mst Cmmn (Deadly, and EPA-fineable) Errrs In Waste Handling 3. Hw T Segregate Waste In The Labratry 4. Self-Auditing Checklist Fr Hazardus Waste Generatrs 5. Taking Yur Waste T The Waste Strage Rm Fr Dispsal 6. Incmpatible Chemicals Table Intrductin Kent State University is dedicated t the maintenance f a safe, healthy and prductive wrkplace envirnment. As part f ur cmmitment t envirnmental health and safety, we strive t ensure that ur students, faculty and staff meet r exceed state and federal regulatins cncerning hazardus wastes, labratry management and wrker safety. Prper strage and dispsal f labratry waste is a key element f this cmmitment. If yu generate r handle wastes, it is incumbent upn yu t fllw the established guidelines cncerning the prper dispsal f hazardus waste. T ensure cmpliance with these rules, bth the University and EPA perfrm surprise inspectins f ur labratry facilities n a rutine basis. Vilatins can result in substantial fines (up t $12,000 r mre), r even the clsing f the labratry. The purpse f this dcument is t assist yu in prper handling and dispsal f hazardus chemical waste. If at any time yu are unsure hw t deal with wastes, immediately cnsult yur supervisr, the KSU Assistant Directr fr Health and Safety (ext r the Manager f Labratry Safety (ext ).

5 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 5 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 The 5 Mst Cmmn (Deadly and EPA-Fineable) Errrs In Waste Handling Even experienced labratry wrkers have a tendency t becme lax r cmplacent in the labratry when they are "just cleaning up". Unfrtunately, "just cleaning up" invlves hazardus chemicals, and if these are imprperly segregated r dispsed f the results can have tragic circumstances. Mst serius labratry accidents ccur during cleanup, when ne's attentin is mre fcused n ging hme r ut t eat rather than n the ptential hazard at hand. Prper management f hazardus waste des nt need t be an all-cnsuming task, but it des take discipline, vigilance and cmmn sense. Listed here are 5 f the mst cmmn mistakes in hazardus waste handling in the labratry. Print this list ut and make sure that nne f these are ccurring in yur labratry! 1. Imprper Labeling f Waste Typical examples include: a. Failing t label a waste bttle. If the cntents f the bttle are nt listed, the next persn t use the bttle culd accidentally cmbine incmpatible chemicals, causing a fire and explsin. ALL bttles f chemical waste must held in the labratry must have a Department Used Chemical Cntainer Label:

6 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 6 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 b. and when placed in the apprpriate Waste Strage Area designated fr yur labratry place the a Hazardus Waste label ver the USED CHEMICAL LABEL name and date it: c. String waste in the waste strage area lacking the wrds "Hazardus Waste". Only these exact wrds must be used. "Organic Waste", "Xylene Waste" etc. is unacceptable. If smething is nt really waste, d nt put the wrd "waste" n the bttle. Label it "used" etc. d. Scratching ut the frmer cntents f the bttle and writing "Waste" n the bttle. Yu must remve r ttally deface the ld label s there is n cnfusin ver the cntents. "Waste" is an unacceptable term t the EPA r OSHA -- the wrds "Hazardus Waste" must appear n the bttle. And (as in a), always put a red Hazardus Waste sticker n the bttle. 2. Imprper Segregatin f Waste Typical examples include: a. Mixing incmpatible chemicals in a waste cntainer. Fr example, nitric acid and ethanl can frm an explsive mixture b. String acids and bases in the same cabinet. Leaking cntainers r a spill culd cause a vilent reactin, which wuld release large quantities f txic gases. c. String acids and rganic waste in the same cabinet. In the event f accidental mixing, a catastrphic fire r explsin culd result.

7 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 7 f 4 Octber 25, Imprper Strage f Waste Typical examples include: a. Strage f waste in a fume hd where reactins are being carried ut. If yur reactin gets ut f cntrl, the waste bttle culd explde and lead t a catastrphic fire r mixing f incmpatible chemicals. Always remve waste bttles frm hds where reactins are being perfrmed. b. Using metal cans fr waste. Even near neutral ph, slids and liquids can easily crrde thrugh metal cans in a surprisingly shrt perid f time. Use nly glass r plyethylene cntainers fr waste. c. String flammable waste cntainers n a bench r flr. Stre yur waste cntainers in a cabinet, preferably an explsin-resistant slvent cabinet. d. String waste bttles in r near a sink r flr drain. This culd allw txic chemicals t enter the sewer, incurring the wrath f the EPA. e. Nt placing the waste cntainer in a drip pan r ther type f secndary cntainer. 4. Failure t Cap Waste Bttles Typical examples include: a. Leaving the cap ff an rganic waste bttle. The nly time a cap shuld be ff a waste bttle is when yu are actually putting waste int it. If yu are afraid f a pressure buildup in the bttle, simply cap it lsely. b. Leaving a funnel in the waste bttle. This is unacceptable. A funnel can t easily be mved t an adjacent (incmpatible) waste bttle and result in a fire r explsin. When yu are dne with it, cap it! 5. Accumulatin f Excessive Waste Ideally, yu shuld have n mre than ONE bttle f each kind f waste in yur labratry. If the rganic waste bttle is full, take it t the apprpriate Waste Strage Rm fr yur labratry.

8 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 8 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 Hw T Segregate Waste In The Labratry Prper segregatin f labratry waste is essential t gd chemical hygiene and a safe wrkplace envirnment. Many researchers ften tend t put all f their wastes int the same cabinet r fume hd. Ding s can have disastrus results! The guidelines fr temprary strage f chemical wastes in the labratry are really n different than thse that yu use fr the strage f yur usual lab chemicals. The mst imprtant rule is t make sure that any chemicals r wastes that stred tgether are cmpatible with each ther! Therefre, prper segregatin f wastes invlves making sure that wastes within a bttle are cmpatible, but it als means that yu shuld NEVER stre the fllwing types f wastes near each ther: Acids and bases. Organics and acids. Cyanide, sulfide r arsenic cmpunds and acids. Alkali r alkali earth metals, alkyllithiums etc. and aqueus waste. Pwdered r reactive metals and cmbustible materials. Mercury r silver and ammnium cntaining cmpunds. This list is nt cmprehensive. If a bttle brke in a waste strage area where incmpatibles were present, the results culd be disastrus. Remember: incmpatible bttles f wastes shuld be stred in separate cabinets, r in separate secndary cntainers and preferably as far apart as pssible!

9 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 9 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 Self-Auditing Checklist Fr Hazardus Waste Generatrs ALL hazardus waste cntainers must cmply with ALL f the fllwing requirements at ALL TIMES. If any item n this list is nt checked, yu are in vilatin f State and Federal EPA regulatins Is the cntainer sund? (N cracks, rust r deteriratin permitted). Is the cntainer cmpatible with the waste? (N metal cans, in particular). Are the cntents f the cntainer cmpatible with each ther? 4. Is the cntainer prperly labeled befre being put in waste strage area, including the wrds Hazardus Waste and a date? Are the cntents f the cntainer clearly listed? Is cntainer clsed with a prperly fitting cap? (D nt leave funnels in the muth!) Is the waste cntainer lcated in the lab (nt in a hallway r strerm)? Is there less than 55 gallns f waste in the labratry? Is the waste lcated away frm flr drains r sinks? 10. If the cntainer is full, it is being taken t the waste strage rm fr dispsal. WASTE CONTAINERS MUST BE CAPPED AT ALL TIMES

10 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 10 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 Taking Waste t the Waste Strage Rm 1. When yur waste in the waste strage rm. Make sure that: ALL waste cntainers have a prper "HAZARDOUS WASTE" label with start date. ALL cntents are listed. The bttle r jar has a cap that fits tightly. There are n ld r extraneus labels n the cntainer. If liquid, there is at least 1" f rm at the tp f the cntainer. The utside f the bttle is clean and dry. Incmpatible wastes (ex. acids and rganics) are nt mixed. Halgenated wastes are separate frm "regular" rganic wastes whenever pssible (it is much mre expensive t get rid f halgenated waste)! The ph is knwn and listed n the dispsal tag. Fllw Department prcedures fr ntificatin and delivery f waste cntainers. Departments that d nt have prvisins fr Waste Strage are t cntact Jim Dunlap, t arrange fr pick up f waste cntainers.

11 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 11 f 4 Chemical Incmpatibilities Octber 25, 2001 The fllwing are examples f chemical incmpatibilities. This list shuld nt be cnsidered cmplete and persns unsure as t the status f a particular chemical are advised t refer t mre recent literature, the manufacturer, as well as MSDS databases.. Chemical Incmpatibilities Acetic acid Acetylene Acetne Alkali and alkaline earth metals (such as pwdered aluminum r magnesium, calcium, lithium, sdium, ptassium) Ammnia (anhydrus) Ammnium nitrate Aniline Arsenical materials Azides Brmine Calcium xide Carbn (activated) Carbn tetrachlride Chlrates Chrmic acid and chrmium Chlrine Chlrine dixide Cpper Chrmic acid, nitric acid, hydrxyl cmpunds, ethylene glycl, perchlric acid, perxides, permanganates Chlrine, brmine, cpper, flurine, silver, mercury Cncentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures Water, carbn tetrachlride r ther chlrinated hydrcarbns, carbn dixide, halgens Mercury (in manmeters, fr example), chlrine, calcium hypchlrite, idine, brmine, hydrfluric acid (anhydrus) Acids, pwdered metals, flammable liquids, chlrates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided rganic cmbustible materials Nitric acid, hydrgen perxide Any reducing agent Acids See chlrine Water Calcium hypchlrite, all xidizing agents Sdium Ammnium salts, acids, pwdered metals, sulfur, finely divided rganic r cmbustible materials Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphr, glycerl, alchl, flammable liquids in general Ammnia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, prpane (r ther petrleum gases), hydrgen, sdium carbide, benzene, finely divided metals, turpentine Ammnia, methane, phsphine, hydrgen sulfide Acetylene, hydrgen perxide

12 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 12 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 Cumene hydrperxide Cyanides Flammable liquids Flurine Hydrcarbns Hydrcyanic acid Hydrfluric acid (anhydrus) Hydrgen perxide Hydrgen sulfide Hypchlrites Idine Mercury Nitrates Nitric acid (cncentrated) Nitrites Nitrparaffins Oxalic acid Oxygen Perchlric acid Perxides, rganic Phsphrus (white) Ptassium Ptassium chlrate Ptassium perchlrate (see als chlrates) Ptassium permanganate Selenides Acids (rganic r inrganic) Acids Ammnium nitrate, chrmic acid, hydrgen perxide, nitric acid, sdium perxide, halgens All ther chemicals (such as butane, prpane, benzene) Flurine, chlrine, brmine, chrmic acid, sdium perxide Nitric acid, alkali Ammnia (aqueus r anhydrus) Cpper, chrmium, irn, mst metals r their salts, alchls, acetne, rganic materials, aniline, nitrmethane, cmbustible materials Fuming nitric acid, xidizing gases Acids, activated carbn Acetylene, ammnia (aqueus r anhydrus), hydrgen Acetylene, fulminic acid, ammnia Sulfuric acid Acetic acid, aniline, chrmic acid, hydrcyanic acid, hydrgen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, cpper, brass, any heavy metals Acids Inrganic bases, amines Silver, mercury Oils, grease, hydrgen: flammable liquids, slids r gases Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its allys, alchl, paper, wd, grease, ils Acids (rganic r mineral), avid frictin, stre cld Air, xygen, alkalis, reducing agents Carbn tetrachlride, carbn dixide, water Sulfuric and ther acids Sulfuric and ther acids Glycerl, ethylene glycl, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid Reducing agents

13 Nvember 24, 1997 Revisin: 002 Divisin f Research Labratry Safety Plicy Number: Supersedes: Old HAZARDOUS WASTE Page: 13 f 4 Octber 25, 2001 Silver Sdium Sdium nitrite Sdium perxide Sulfides Sulfuric acid Acetylene, xalic acid, tartaric acid, ammnium cmpunds, fulminic acid Carbn tetrachlride, carbn dixide, water Ammnium nitrate and ther ammnium salts Ethyl r methyl alchl, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbn disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycl, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural Acids Ptassium chlrate, ptassium perchlrate, ptassium permanganate (similar cmpunds f light metals, such as sdium, lithium) Tellurides Matter Reducing agents Antimatter