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10 Supplemental Table 1. The progeny of crosses between MPK4/mpk4-2 and ANQ/anq-2. Genotype Number Number Number observed expected-1 expected-2 (1) MPK4/MPK4 ANQ/ANQ (2) MPK4/MPK4 ANQ/anq (3) MPK4/MPK4 anq-2/anq (4) MPK4/mpk4-2 ANQ/ANQ (5) MPK4/mpk4-2 ANQ/anq (6) MPK4/mpk4-2 anq-2/anq (7) mpk4-2/mpk4-2 ANQ/ANQ (8) mpk4-2/mpk4-2 ANQ/anq (9) mpk4-2/mpk4-2 anq-2/anq Total number P-value 1.5E-12<0.05* 0.46>0.05 The genotypes of 197 progeny plants with the respective indicated genotypes were determined by PCR. Expected values were calculated using Mendel s law (expected-1). Expected values were also calculated by reference to the viability of the female gametophyte and/or the embryo, as summarized in Table 2 (expected-2). P-values were calculated by the χ 2 -test from observed and expected values. A P- value indicative of a significant difference is
11 indicated by an asterisk.
12 Supplemental Table 2. The frequency of cells with an incomplete cell plate. Genotype Number of Number of The frequency of cells with an cells in cells with an incomplete cell one incomplete cell plate plate in one section (b) (%) section (a) Col-0 # Col-0 # Col-0 # Col-0 # Col-0 # Col-0 # Average frequency 0 ± 0 mpk13 # mpk13 # mpk13 # mpk13 # mpk13 # mpk13 # Average frequency 0 ± 0 mpk4-2 #
13 mpk4-2 # mpk4-2 # mpk4-2 # mpk4-2 # mpk4-2 # Average frequency 2.5 ± 0.62 P-value * 2.0E-06<0.05 mpk4-2 mpk13 # mpk4-2 mpk13 # mpk4-2 mpk13 # mpk4-2 mpk13 # mpk4-2 mpk13 # mpk4-2 mpk13 # Average frequency 2.1 ± 0.61 P-value * 7.0E-06<0.05 P-value ** 0.37>0.05 (a-b) Transverse sections (5 µm) were prepared from cotyledons of 9-day-old Col-0, mpk13, mpk4-2, and mpk4-2 mpk13 seedlings. The number of cells and the number of cells with incomplete cell plates were counted in a typical single section from cotyledons of six homozygous siblings (#1 to #6). Average frequencies are presented as means ± SD (n = 6). P-values were calculated by Student s t-test. A single asterisk indicates comparison with Col-0. Two asterisks indicate comparison with mpk4-2.
14 Supplemental Table 3. Primers used in this study. Application Sequence (5-3 ) (forward/reverse) Genotyping of MPK4 ATTAAGCTTCTCAAGCATATGGATCATGA/ TCCTCCTTGAAATATCTACAGAGTTGGTGT Genotyping of mpk4-1 mutant CCGGATCGTATCGGTTTTCG /CTTGAGTCATCAGGAGATCC Genotyping of mpk4-2 mutant GCGTGGACCGCTTGCTGCAACT/ TCCTCCTTGAAATATCTACAGAGTTGGTGT Genotyping of ANQ/MKK6 CTACGCGTCTTGAGATCTTG/ GGATTGAGAGAAAGCGTTAAGATCAGAG Genotyping of anq-2 mutant GCGTGGACCGCTTGCTGCAACT/ GGATTGAGAGAAAGCGTTAAGATCAGAG Genotyping of MPK13 GAAGATGGAGGGATCTTGAC/ CAGACAAGCTCCTTGATGTC Genotyping of mpk13 mutant GAAGATGGAGGGATCTTGAC/ CATTTTATAATAACGCTGCGGACATCTAC
15 Genotyping of MPK11 CACACTAAGAATCTTAAGGGTTAAACTTGACT G/ATGTCAATAGAGAAACCATTCTTCGGTG Genotyping of mpk11 mutant GCGTGGACCGCTTGCTGCAACT /ATGTCAATAGAGAAACCATTCTTCGGTG Genotyping of NACK1 GCGGCCATATACCTTACAGA/ GCTCTCCGATTTCCATTTCCA Genotyping of nack1-3 mutant GCGGCCATATACCTTACAGA/ GCGTGGACCGCTTGCTGCAACT RT-PCR analysis of MPK4 TGCTCTGAATACACAGCAGC/ CACACTGAGTCTTGAGGATTG Quantitative RT-PCR analysis β-6-tubulin ACCACTCCTAGCTTTGGTGATCTG/ AGGTTCACTGCGAGCTTCCTCA Quantitative RT-PCR analysis EF1-a TGAGCACGCTCTTCTTGCTTTCA/ GGTGGTGGCATCCATCTTGTTACA Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MPK4 CACAGTTGATGAGGCGTTGTG/ CACATACCGGTTCTTCGTTGATAT Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MPK5 ACGGTTGAGGAAGCACTGTGT/ GAACAAACAGGCTCGTCGTTAA
16 Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MPK11 TTTGACCCAAACAGACGCATT/ TCGTGTAGCGGTGCTAAGTAAGG Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MPK12 CCTAACCGGCGCATCTCA/ TCATGGTGCGGTGATAGGTAAG Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of MPK13 K4_5p_F GCATTGAAGCAGCCGTACTTG/ CAAAGCTGAAAGGAGTAGGACATG GGTACCGACTTGTTTGTGAATATAGAGGAAA CATG (Underline = Kpn1 site) K4_5p_R GGATCCCACTGAGTCTTGAGGATTGAACTTGA C (Underline = BamH1 site) K4_3p_F GGATCCGAGAAAGAGAGAGAGATATATATCC (Underline = BamH1 site) K4_3p_R GCGGCCGCGATAATTAGTGGATGTAATTAGA GTTAAGAC YFP_F GGATCCATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGAGCTG (Underline = BamH1 site) K4WT_S K4WT_R LB6316 RT-PCR analysis of MPK11 GTGACAATGCAAGAAGATACGTTAGACAGC CTTGAAATATCTACAGAGTTGGTGTG TCAAACAGGATTTTCGCCTGCT AACCGAGTAACTTGCTCCTG CACAAGGCTTCATCGACTGT
17 KK 93 GCGGCCGCGACACTGAGTCTTGAGGATTGAA KK 138 GTCGACGATCTCGAGGCTGTTGAAAC (Underline = Sal1 site) Cloning of MPK4 CCATGGCGGCGGAGAGTTGTTTCG GCGGCCGCCACTGAGTCTTGAGGATTGAA Cloning of MPK5 CCATGGCGAAGGAAATTGAATCA GCGGCCGCAATGCTCGGCAGAGGATTGAA Cloning of MPK11 CCATGGCAATAGAGAAACCATTC GCGGCCGCAGGGTTAAACTTGACTGATTC Cloning of MPK12 CCATGGCTGGAGAATCAAGCTCT GCGGCCGCGTGGTCAGGATTGAATTTGACAGA Cloning of MPK13 CCATGGAGAAAAGGGAAGATGGA GCGGCCGCCATATTCTTGAAGTGTAAAGACTCT
18 Cloning of MPK1 CCATGGCGACTTTGGTTGATCC GCGGCCGCGAGCTCAGTGTTTAAGGTTG Cloning of MPK6 CCATGGACGGTGGTTCAGGTC GCGGCCGCTTGCTGATATTCTGGATTGAAA Cloning of MKK6/ANQ CCATGGTGAAGATCAAATCGAA GCGGCCGCTCTAAGGTAGTTAACAGGTG Cloning of MPK2 CCATGGCGACTCCTGTTGATCC GCGGCCGCAAACTCAGAGACCTCATTGT Cloning of MPK3 CCATGGACACCGGCGGTGGCCA GCGGCCGCACCGTATGTTGGATTGAGTG Cloning of MPK7 CCATGGCGATGTTAGTTGAGCC GCGGCCGCGGCATTTGAGATTTCAGCTT
19 Cloning of MPK8 CCATGGGTGGTGGTGGGAATCT GCGGCCGCAGAATTGTGAAGAGAAGCAA Cloning of MPK14 CCATGGCGATGCTAGTTGATCC GCGGCCGCAGCTCGGGGGAGGTAATGAA Cloning of MPK15 CCATGGGTGGTGGTGGCAATCT GCGGCCGCAGAATTGTGTAGAGATGCAA Cloning of MPK16 CCATGGAGCCTGATCACCGCAA GCGGCCGCATACCAGCGACTCATTGCAG Cloning of MPK17 CCATGGTGGAGAAAGAGTTTTT GCGGCCGCTGACACTGCAGAGGAGACAC Cloning of MPK18 CCATGGAACAAAATCAAGTGAA GCGGCCGCTGATGCTGCGCTGTAACTAA
20 Cloning of MPK19 CCATGGAAAAAACTCAGGAGAA GCGGCCGCAGACATGCCATACCCAACAG Supplemental Methods RT-PCR We used 15-day-old seedlings for analyses by RT-PCR, which was performed as described in Methods. Primers used for the experiments are listed in Supplemental Table 3. Plant materials and growth conditions Tobacco suspension-cultured BY-2 cells were maintained as described elsewhere (Banno et al., 1993; Nishihama et al., 2001). Transformed BY-2 cells were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (An. 1985). Fluorescence microscopy To generate the MPK4-GFP fusions, MPK4-coding regions without a termination codon were cloned into the pgwb5 vector. To generate the GFP-MAP65-3 fusions, MAP65-3-coding regions were cloned into the pgwb6 vector (Nakagawa et al. 2001). Living BY-2 cells that expressed MPK4-GFP were stained with 0.5 µg/ml Hoechst (Dojin, Kumamoto, Japan). Aniline blue (0.1% in 0.1 M K 3 PO 4, ph 11) was added to roots of 4-day-old plants on a Gellan gum plate and imaged after a 5-min incubation.
21 All techniques for microscopic visualization and analysis were described previously (Nishihama et al., 2001; Tanaka et al., 2001). Production and purification of recombinant proteins His-T7-tagged-MPK4, GST-fused MKK6/ANQ, and GST-fused-MAP65-3/PLE proteins were produced in E. coli BL21 using pet28 (Novagen) and pgex (GE Healthcare) vectors. His-T7-MPK4 was purified with Ni Sepharose TM 6 Fast Flow (GE Healthcare). GST-NQK1 and GST-MAP65-3 proteins were purified with Glutathione-Sepharose TM 4B (GE Healthcare). Phosphorylation assays in vitro His-T7-MPK4 and GST-MKK6/ANQ were incubated in 200 µl of kinase buffer (as described in Methods) that contained 500 µm ATP at 25 C for 120 min. Reaction products, which included His-T7-MPK4 (150 ng) and GST-MKK6/ANQ (225 ng), were incubated with GST-MAP65-3-PLE (1 mg) in 20 µl of kinase buffer that contained 50 µm ATP and 10 µci of [γ- 32 P] ATP (GE Healthcare) at 25 C for 60 min. Reactions were terminated by the addition of 10 ml of 3 SDS sample buffer and the mixtures were boiled. The samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE and radioactivity was visualized with an imaging analyzer (BAS-1800; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan).
22 Supplemental References An, G. (1985). High Efficiency Transformation of Cultured Tobacco Cells. Plant Physiol. 79: Banno, H., Hirano, K., Nakamura, T., Irie, K., Nomoto, S., Matsumoto, K., and Machida, Y. (1993). NPK1, a tobacco gene that encodes a protein with a domain homologous to yeast BCK1, STE11, and Byr2 protein kinases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: Nakagawa, T., Kurose, T., Hino, T., Tanaka, K., Kawamukai, M., Niwa, Y., Toyooka, K., Matsuoka, K., Jinbo, T., and Kimura, T. (2007). Development of series of gateway binary vectors, pgwbs, for realizing efficient construction of fusion genes for plant transformation. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 104: Tanaka, H., Onouchi, H., Kondo, M., Hara-Nishimura, I., Nishimura, M., Machida, C., and Machida, Y. (2001). A subtilisin-like serine protease is required for epidermal surface formation in Arabidopsis embryos and juvenile plants. Development 128: Nishihama, R., Ishikawa, M., Araki, S., Soyano, T., Asada, T., and Machida, Y. (2001). The NPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase is a regulator of cell-plate formation in plant cytokinesis. Genes Dev. 15:
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