UNIT 4: Primary Sector

Transcription

1 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 1 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objective: 1 To tell the importance of the Primary sector Starter: guess (next slide)

2 Importance of the Primary Sector 1. It employs. of the total active population 2. It contributes. of total GDP 3. In developed countries it employs about. of the active population 4. In developing countries it employs about. of the active population 50% 40% 4% 6%

3 Importance of the Primary Sector It employs. of the total active population It contributes. of total GDP In developed countries it employs about. of the active population In developing countries it employs about. of the active population 40% 4% 6% 50%

4 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 2 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objective: 1To give a short info about inputs, processes and outputs of farming 2 To learn about types of farming Starter: Activs

5 Natural The Cycle of Economy Inputs Processes Outputs Water Soil Sun Seed Human and economic Workers Money/capital Subsidies Machines Planting Watering Ploughing Grazing Lambing Milking Silage Crops (vegetables, wheat) Animal products (wool, milk, meat) Profits or loss Reinvestment of profits < inputs if a loss

6 Now you HW: create your own primary company, give it a name, write the inputs, processes, outputs and what you ll do in the case of profit and losses. Use information from p. 70ss on how to work your company: Type of land Farming methods Climate factors Intensive/extensive farming Give as many details possible, make it appealing (cardboard)

7 Learn the importance of the primary sector today Activs. 2 and 3 p.64

8 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 3 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objectives: 1 To learn what is economic activity 2 To identify the economic systems in the world Starter: video Activs 1- What is a corporation? 2-What are the elements of the econ activity? 3-According to the video, what do you think is the econ activity?

9 What is economic activity? It s all processes used to obtain goods and services. Good: a piece of bread Service: a haircut Phases in the economic activity (give examples): Production: goods and services created Distribution: moving of goods and services Consumption: goods and services that people buy

10 Economic systems (Did you know? p.65) Subsistence economy Communist system Capitalist or market economy Mixed economy

11 1. Subsistence systems Family produce what they need Cultivate their own food Make their own clothes Small or no surplus: street market LEDCs

12 2. Communist systems Planning economy: everything is planned by the state State owns companies States decide how much to produce, what price and what to do with profits Cuba, North Korea, ex-soviet Union China: transition from communist to market economy

13 3. Capitalist or market economy Private property of factories, companies (e.g. Microsoft, Renault, Reinvestment of profit: engine of capitalism Law of supply and demand (next slide) Regulates the price Free competition: anyone can set a company (protection by the constitution, laws ) Different situations that can happen in a capitalist system: Welfare state: the state intervenes in economy Monopoly: one company controls the production and sale of a product (Microsoft-Windows) Oligopoly: a few companies control the production and sale of a product (e.g. OPEC)

14 Law of supply and demand Supply One bakery Demand 100 people Price 3 bakeries 100 people Lack of supply 200 people

15 4. Mixed economy State and market organize the economy The state rule the economic system (e.g. welfare state): what to produce, how to produce, where to sell The market determines prices according to the law of supply and demand Spain: welfare state + market economy (private property) China: communist system + market econ

16 Practice your learning Activ. Think about it p.65

17 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 4 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objectives: 1 To tell disperse rural settlement from nucleated rural settlement 2 To identify the types of farming (p.69) Starter: what s the difference between these photos? (use the info on p.69)

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19 Human influence on the agrarian Distribution of rural settlements Dispersed settlement Nucleated settlement landscape (p.68) Agricultural holdings: units of rural production Open-fields (e.g.) Closed fields (enclosures) (e.g.) One holding = one or more plots Small plot: < 1Hect Medium: 1-10 Hect Large: > 10 Hect

20 Types of farming Intensive Irrigation crops Monoculture Arable Extensive Rainfed crops Polyculture Pastoral Mixed

21 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 5 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objective: 1 To identify the types of farming (p.69) Starter:

22 Intensive and Extensive Farming Intensive farming: small area of land (or a small area for livestock or agric) massive inputs of capital and labour very high outputs (p.69) Extensive farming: farms are large small inputs low outputs

23 Types of watering system Irrigation crops: need a lot of water through irrigation channels (e.g. monsoon cultivation in China) Flooding Sprinkling Rainfed crops: need little water Supplemented with modern techniques when necessary

24 HW: Make a table to compare intensive and extensive farming Extensive Advantages Disadvantages Intensive

25 Make a table to compare intensive and Extensive extensive livestock farming Advantages Little investment in inputs (food for animals) High quality of products Animals don t suffer (natural pastures or large farms) Facilitates feeding animals Little technology needed Disadvantages Higher price of products Not large production More expensive production Fewer outputs Intensive Higher productivity Quicker production of outputs Cheaper prices Use of technology High outputs Plagues/diseases under control Expensive infrastructure (ex. building and maintaining greenhouses) Less quality of products Land gets acid (fertilizers, pesticides) Expensive inputs Animal mistreat More workers needed

26 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 6 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objective: 1 To compare farming in MEDC and LEDC Starter: brainstorming on the blackboard

27 Farming in MEDCs, p.70 Rural revolution: 18 th cent England took to Change from subsistence to commercial farming Large investments to obtain maximum profit Specialization: one/two products per farm Mechanisation: reduces labour Modern farming methods: Use of pesticides and fertilisers air and water pollution High-yield seeds (high productivity) Greenhouses, artificial soils New irrigation systems Genetically modified (GM) crops Fertilisers in water can cause rapid algae growth (eutrophocation) Subsidies (from the EU) (see table p.71 Benefits-Problems of commercial farming; state best/worst)

28 Practice your learning: Read the text on organic farming on Internet and mention the advantages and disadvantages of this type of agriculture: Answer q.4 on p.71 and suggest solutions taking into account also problems.

29 Farming in LEDCs, p.72 Agriculture: main source of employment Subsistence agriculture: familiar business Polyculture: small plots of land several crops at the same farm (to ensure food) Primitive farming techniques: manual labour low productivity Strong dependence on physical factors Dependence on large companies plantations (globalization)

30 Farming in LEDC, Types of agriculture p Shifting cultivation: Trees cut down and burnt as fertiliser Main crops: cereal, tubers Soil soon unfertile, farmers move to another area Africa, South America, SW Asia 2. Sedentary rainfed cultivation Triennial rotation Main crops: cereal, nuts, tubers Savannah regions 3. Irrigated monsoon cultivation: Extensive flooding Main crops: rice Small plots of land with many workers Eastern China, SE Asia coast of India

31 Farming in LEDC, Plantation agriculture p.73 Form of commercial agriculture Origin: 16th-19th cent Currently growing due to globalization: Plantations controlled by multinational corporations or their local producers (clients) Good transport network Cheap labour Modern machinery and techniques Main crops: cocoa, coffee, cotton, tea, rubber High productivity, monoculture for export Tropical LEDC: Africa, Central and South America, India, SE Asia

32 Farming in LEDCs The Green Revolution ( s): strategy to help farmers to become self-sufficient and allow them to make a profit introduction of highyield varieties of grains use of pesticides, and improved management techniques. introduce irrigation systems to increased agricultural productivity Partially financed with low interest loans from the UN (FAO, IMF, World Bank)

33 Livestock farming and fishing You have a livestock farm and have to decide the most effective way to exploit it. List the elements that will help you from p.74. What are the environmental problems that trawling, coastal fishing, inshore fishing and off shore fishing may carry out. P.75

34 Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 7 UNIT 4: Primary Sector Learning objective: 1To recognize the weaknesses and strenghts of farming in Spain Starter: study table p.76, suggest solutions for the weaknesses and ways to improve the strengths

35 Primary Sector in Spain The main types of farming: Arable Pastoral (sheep, goats, cows) Mixed: hill & plateau cattle and arable farming All of them are commercial. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP at the EU) and other regulations have encouraged: arable farming more than pastoral or hill sheep farming As a consequence, many farms became mixed farms. Most farming in Spain tends to be intensive

36 Aquaculture or wet farming Intensive production of trout, sea bass, mussels,

37 Aquaculture or wet farming Individual activ 1 p.77 Reading articles_quest, p.1 Activ.1 p.78

38 Primary sector in Spain Observe the data, graphs and maps on p (only info from the book, not Internet) Draw a chart about every AACC AACC Ceuta and Melilla Galicia Castilla León La Rioja Type of landscape Type of settlements Primary sector activ Type of farming % labour in Primary Human impact /problems Other info Desertic Nucleated Agriculture Livestock Polyculture, intensive, rainfed crops < 3% Dependence from the peninsula It needs large inputs in irrigation

39 Case study: El Ejido, the Almerian desert p. 67 txtbk Read also Artic_quest file, p.2

40 Case study: El Ejido 1. Why was there a low agricultural productivity in El Ejido until the 1970s? 2. Has it changed today? Why? 3. What farming techniques have led production to increase? Explain what they are 4. What benefits has modern agriculture brought? 5. What negative aspects? 6. El Ejido needs 450,000 tonnes of plastic a year. What s the problem about it?

41 HW: 3rd Farming case studies file: England, Spain, Netherlands and India FACTORS UNITED KINGDOM SPAIN NETHERLANDS INDIA AND BANGLA DESH CLIMATE Temperate (oceanic) Mediterranean PRODUCTS PHYSICAL INPUTS Wheat, barley, NORTHERN AREA Cool summers, mild winters, cold on mountains CENTRAL AREA HUMAN AND ECONOMIC INPUTS SOUTHERN AREA Machinery Computer technology Sprinkler system CLASSIFICATION BY INPUTS CLASSIFICATION BY PROCESSES CLASSIFICATION BY OUTPUTS OTHER FEATURES. Essential to make a profit. Specialisation in one type of product Intensive farming Extensive Pastoral farms (Catabrian region) Commercial Subsistence

42 Farming case studies DISCURSIVE WRITING: Using the patterns on discursive essay, write an article comparing the farming in two of the countries and mention the similarities, differences, main problems of each and the impact on the environment

43 Now you Design an agricultural company using the cycle of the economy pattern.

44 Final activities (Primary sector) P.81 activs. 9-11