Synthesis. In your composition book, draw and fill out this table, be sure to include today s date (1/22/18): Definition (you write this)

Transcription

1 In your composition book, draw and fill out this table, be sure to include today s date (1/22/18): Synthesis The word in another language Definition (you write this) Root of the word: Ancient Greek synthesis (a putting together) ILLUSTRATE (Draw a picture illustrating the word) Use the word in a sentence

2 A look ahead Quiz this Thursday, January 25 TEST next Tuesday, January 30 Notebook check next Tuesday, January 30

3 How do you get from This TO This???

4 Protein Synthesis What does synthesis mean? Why do cells need to make proteins? Turn your page to the side with cake. READ the directions, READ the whole page and do as it asks. If you get stuck, ask a friend at your table for help If the ENTIRE table is stuck, you may ask me for help by raising your hand

5 Protein Synthesis RNA/ Transcription / Translation Headings Vocabulary Important Info Additional Notes

6 The Importance of Proteins Proteins are diverse many functions: control chemical messages in cell direct the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleotides act as enzymes provide structure and movement to cell The process of making protein is called protein synthesis 6

7 RNA RNA: ribonucleic acid Carries out protein synthesis Three differences from DNA: 1. different sugar (ribose) 2. single strand 3. different base no thymine (found in DNA) URACIL instead

8 3 Types of RNA: (needed for protein synthesis) DNA is too BIG to leave the nucleus! 1. Messenger RNA: (mrna) carries nucleotide sequence from nucleus to ribosome 2. Transfer RNA: (trna) picks up amino acid in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome 3. Ribosomal RNA: (rrna)found in ribosome, joins mrna and trna; forms proteins

9 Work with your group to write 2 questions about RNA (At least one level 6 questions and 1 level 3) Level 6 words include: Level 3 words: Choose Defend Determine Justify Select Support Disprove Assess Prioritize Apply Choose Construct Demonstrate Illustrate Model Select Utilize

10 Two steps of protein synthesis 1. Transcription 2. Translation In order to remember which step comes first, remember that C comes before L in the alphabet

11 Step 1: Process of Transcription Transcription- process that makes mrna from DNA 1. DNA unzips into 2 separate strands A. DNA Helicase is the enzyme that breaks H-bond

12 Step 1: Process of Transcription 2. Free floating RNA NITROGEN BASES in the nucleus pair up w/unzipped DNA NITROGEN BASES: A. Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine(G) * (G) with (C) B. Uracil (U) pairs with Adenine(A) * (A) with (U) C. Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A) ***remember (T) is only with DNA

13 3. After all the pairing is done: a single strand of RNA has been produced. 4. Genetic code from DNA is transferred to mrna 5. The code obtained from DNA lets the mrna know which amino acids to pick up: code is a set of 3 nitrogen bases = Codon

14 Transcription: Happens in the Nucleus Nucleus RNA Polymerase mrna DNA

15 HOMEWORK: 4 questions and figure labeled Work with your group to write 2 questions about transcription (At least one level 6 questions and 1 level 3) Level 6 words include: Choose Defend Determine Justify Select Support Disprove Assess Prioritize Level 3 words: Apply Choose Construct Demonstrate Illustrate Model Select Utilize

16 Todas las moleculas organicas tienen que element en comun? A) Cabano B) Nitrogeno C) Fosforo D) Azufre Milestone test question practice Tuesday 1/23/18 In your vocab (composition) notebook, copy down the following question and answers. 1. Select the correct answer. 2. Explain why that is the answer All organic molecules have what element in common? A) Carbon B) Nitrogen C) Phosphorous D) Sulfur

17 A look ahead Quiz this Thursday, January 25 TEST next Tuesday, January 30 Notebook check next Tuesday, January 30

18 QUIZ review Attached to your quiz is a notice informing your parent/guardian of how you did on the quiz. You MUST return this signed by tomorrow. There are no opportunities for test And quiz corrections this semester. Study for your quizzes and tests to do well the first time

19 Protein Synthesis What does synthesis mean? Why do cells need to make proteins? What are the two steps of protein synthesis? Why is mrna required?

20 Step 2: Translation Conversion of RNA into amino acid sequence that makes a protein The mrna leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm Ribosomes attach to mrna trna (carrying anti-codon) picks up the correct amino acids and carries them to the mrna strand forming the protein Ex: trna carries GAU (anti-codon)& looks for CUA on mrna

21 Nucleus Step 1 Nucleus Step 2 Cytoplasm

22 Fill in the diagram of Translation Nucleus Amino acid Amino acid trna Amino acid mrna Ribosome mrna Start codon: signals start building protein

23 Translation (continued) Your 3-4 sentence summary should describe what is happening in each step of the diagram from A -D Growing protein (polypeptide chain) Ribosome trna Amino acid trna mrna mrna Ribosome Translation direction

24 Work with your group to write 2 questions about translation (level 3) : Level 3 words Apply Choose Construct Demonstrate Illustrate Model Select Utilize

25 Take the following notes on p 96 of your notebook PROTEINS are long strings of the monomer Amino acid The order of the amino acids determines the shape of the protein mrna uses a code from DNA to tell the ribosome what proteins to make

26 Codon: 3 bases of mrna together code for an amino acid

27 Codon Summary Triples of mrna that code for a specific amino acid Start: AUG Stop: UGA, UAG, or UAA

28 Codon Practice Strand of DNA: A T G G T C A T C Strand of mrna: U A C C A G U A G Codons U A C C A G U A G AAs Tyrosine Glutamine STOP STOP codon tells the ribsosome when the protein is DONE!

29 Watch this video and complete the diagram on the back side of your cake worksheet. Turn in WS as you leave

30 Protein Synthesis Animation