Study Guide for Chapter 12 Exam DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Period: Study Guide for Chapter 12 Exam DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis ***Completing this study guide in its entirety will result in extra credit on the exam. You must show me the DAY OF the exam.*** Handouts: DNA Webquest (5 Journey into DNA worksheet (3 POGIL DNA Structure & Replication Structure of DNA notes (section 12-1, p ) Chromosomes & DNA Replication notes (section 12-2, p ) DNA Structure & Replication packet (4 DNA Replication worksheet (1 page, 1 side) DNA Replication matching quiz (1/2 sheet of paper) Lego lab lesson 1 DNA replication RNA & Transcription worksheet (2 RNA & Transcription notes (section 12-3, p ) RNA Synthesis worksheet (2 Transcription worksheet with five DNA sequences (1 page) RNA Transcription coloring activity (cut & paste models together) The Genetic Code & Translation notes (section 12-3, p ) Codon worksheet (2 Protein Synthesis worksheet (2 Lego lab lesson 2 & 3 Protein synthesis and words activity EXTRA CREDIT Mutations PPT (PDF, online only) Mutations practice worksheet Online Resources: DNA from the Beginning website: #15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 Note: we did not view all of these concepts in class, but they may be beneficial to look at DNA Structure: Journey into Human DNA: Tour of the Basics (What is DNA? A Gene? A Chromosome? A Protein?): Build a DNA Molecule: DNA Wrapping and Replication: Transcription: 1

2 Translation: Triplet code: Transcribe and translate a gene: Mutations: Damage to DNA leads to mutation: Sickle cell anemia: Content to Review: 1. What three parts make up every nucleotide molecule? Draw its structure here and label it. 2. Name the four nitrogenous bases in DNA. 3. Which bases are purines? Which bases are pyrimidines? How do you know which is which structurally? 4. What are the base pairing rules in DNA? Which person s research are these rules from? 5. Which people are credited with discovering the structure of DNA? 6. How do the nucleotides link up to make a DNA double helix? a. What makes up the backbone? b. What makes up the rungs of the ladder? c. What holds together the two strands of DNA? 2

3 7. When does DNA replication occur? WHY does it occur? 8. Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative? 9. What happens during DNA replication? Illustrate and label your answer below. a. Show: the double helix unzipping, helicase, the replication fork, free nucleotides being added, DNA polymerase, two new strands formed 10. Replicate the DNA strand below: T G A C C T G A T T A G A C T A 11. In the Venn diagram below, compare and contrast DNA and RNA. 12. What is the central dogma of biology? 3

4 13. What are the three main types of RNA? What does each one do? 14. What is transcription? a. Where does it occur? b. What enzyme does it need? 15. Transcribe the following gene sequence: A C T G G A C T A A T C T G A T 16. What are the monomers of proteins? 17. What kind of bond links amino acids together? 18. How is the genetic code read? I.e., how can we get the information coded in DNA to make a protein? 19. What are the three-letter words in mrna called? a. What does one of these words code for? 20. Do you use mrna or trna to find the corresponding amino acid on the genetic code table? 21. What is the start codon? What are the three stop codons? 22. What is translation? a. Where does it occur? 4

5 b. What are the molecules involved in protein synthesis? 23. What is the function of the anticodon on trna? What does it deliver to the ribosome? 24. Why is protein synthesis a necessary process in cells? What are some things that proteins are used for? 25. Transcribe and translate the following gene sequence. You need a copy of the codon chart. DNA T A C G G A C G C T T C C T A C A G A C T mrna trna Amino acids 26. What are mutations? a. What is a point mutation? What happens to the amino acid sequence? Give an example. b. What is a frameshift mutation? What happens to the amino acid sequence? Give an example. c. Which mutation is more harmful: point or frameshift? Why? 5