Picture Krone SYNCOM / BioBoost Project co funded by the EUROPEAN COMMISSION FP7 Directorate General for Research, Grant No.
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1 BioBoost Feedstock cost assessment Simon Kühner SYNCOM Research & Development Consulting com.com This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No Picture Krone
2 Objective Determine price/supply of the Agricultural residue straw Forest residue wood chips Organic municipal waste Picture Krone
3 Agricultural residue straw calculation Residue from grain production: no costs for harvesting (combine) Cost items: Fertilizer replacement need (kg/t * /kg) of N P K Cost for baling, bale collection & stacking on field side Variables: Amount of straw per hectar Field size Labour cost Picture Claas 11/06/2015 3
4 Agricultural residue straw Fertilizer 15 Winter wheat K 2 O kg/t N 7 UK, PDA 2009 BIOS 2009, 19 samples De, Hartmann 2000, samples De, Chaber of agriculture Lower Saxony 2012 Fr, Bureau commun des pailles et fourrages Dk, Sörensen et al., 8 samples Ca, Kendell et al., 15 samples 5 P 2 O 5 MgO
5 Agricultural residue straw Fertilizer Fertilizer element N P2O5 K2O Straw content (kg/t) Effective for following crop (%) Assumed replacement need Fertilizer price (EUR/kg) Cost (EUR/t straw) Total fertilizer costs: EUR/t straw
6 Agricultural residue straw Large square balers Sold by all major OEMs Bale size HDP 90x120x240cm or 130x120x240cm Weight ~500 kg, density kg/m³ Tractor kw 1 to 1.6 l fuel per tonne straw 50 bales per hour Picture Krone
7 Agricultural residue straw Balingcost variable field size ng costs [ /t t] bali field size [ha] Picture Krone
8 Agricultural residue straw Balingcost variable field size High variability in field size, average field sizes: Low: 018h 0.18 ha, a Polish hnuts3 High: 30 ha Romanian legal entity holdings Copyright: Jolanta Orlinska, Jacek Jarzabek, ARMA Poland
9 Agricultural residue straw Baling cost variable straw density bal ling costs [ / /t] Picture Krone straw [t/ha] High variability in straw density (t/ha), range of 0.5 to 10 t/ha. EUR/t Baler fix 4.22 Baler var Fuel 1.66 Tractor Labour 0.8 Total:
10 Agricultural residue straw Bale chasing and stacking Various methods of bale collection & stacking Picture Krone
11 Agricultural residue straw Bale chasing and stacking actual practice very labourious Straw vs. Grain 5 : Picture Claas
12 Agricultural residue straw Dedicated equipment for bale chasing and stacking Several OEMs 100 kw tractor 20 to 40 t/h depending on pile size ~0.35 l/t fuel Low soil compaction Rapid idfi field clearance
13 Agricultural residue straw Chaser costs Calculation: Chaser fix: 1.21/t Chaser var.: 0.1/t Fuel: 0.32/t Tractor: 1.00/t Labour: 0.40/t Total: 80 bales/h Picture BigBale Transtacker
14 Agricultural residue straw Total costs BioBoost CHRISGAS DBFZ/TLL [ /t straw] Fertilizer (?) Bli Baling Collecting, stacking total Picture Krone
15 Price [ /100kg g] Agricultural residue straw Straw PRICE (EUROSTAT) Straw COSTS free field side Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Greece Spain Lithuania Netherlands Portugal United Kingdom Denmark
16 Agricultural residue straw Price / supplyfarm perspective FADN cereal report 2011: Receipts from straw selling [ /ha] Denmark: 54 United Kingdom: 40 Italy: 25 Germany: 9 France: 9 remaining
17 Forestry residues The example of Finland Picture Ponsse Picture Ponsse Forestry residues are Small diameter wood from stand thinning operations Tree tops and branches from final fellings Stumps from site preparation for planting of new stand (allowed only in some countries) Picture LHM Hakkuri 11/06/
18 Forestry residues The example of Finland The example of Finland: Harvest of ~70 Mm³/a, or 70% of growth Forest farming: Even aged stands, 71% timber from clearcuts, 97% mechanisation in felling, harvest at >25 28 cm Ø 25 Mm³ theoretical max. forest chip production 6,5 Mm³ used in Mm³ target 2020, techn/econ feasible??? Logging residue volume about 20 30% of harvested roundwood volume 60% from logging residues; 40% thinning and stems 11/06/
19 Forestry residues achievements Wood chip price free power plant (Sweden) Strong learning curve in first20 years; Increasing prices due to competition for chips Björheden, Skogforsk 11/06/
20 Forestry residues Cost calculation Typical costs ( /m³ m³) of efficient systems (FIN, S): Logging residues 21; thinning 30; stumps /m³sob Road transport Chipping/chopping Forwarding Stump excarvation Cutting, accumulation Management SeppVei, wikimedia 0 Stumps, chopping, 45 kmtransport Logging residues, chipping, 45 kmtransport Thinning wood, chipping, 45 km transport Metla 11/06/
21 Forestry residues Price free consumer Broad span, partly high temporal variability France Germany Alakangas et al, EUBIONET III 11/06/
22 Forestry residues Chip price Key parameters for wood chip PRICE Material: stems, whole trees, high Ø tree tops, branches Water content: below 30%, fresh (50%) Geometry: small, even chips (G20), large, coarse chips (G100) Pictures F. Gerlach, wikimedia 11/06/
23 Forestry residues Market environment Key parameter for market environment: Only a vivid forest industry produces residues! Picture John Deere 11/06/
24 Forestry residue Market environment Commodity Value Stumpage Finland Round wood for timber high 55 EUR/m³ R wood for pulp/industry medium 25 EUR/m³ Residues as forest fuel low 3 EUR/m³ High share of sawlogs (>EU: 44%) High share of pulplogs (>EU: 33%) Data: Eurostat
25 Price / supply PRICE SUPPLY CURVES APPROACH: Reference biomasses: straw, forestry residues, organic municipal waste Literature review Formulate a price/supply equation Estimate the degree of utilisation
26 Price / supply Offered straw pric ce[ff/t] Agreement of farmers on selling straw for an offered price (straw in swath in the département Aube, Cochin, 1977) Fertilizer value: 25 FF/t; F 25% of straw offered F F F F F F F F F F Straw sold [%] +1x fertilizer value as profit 50% of available straw can be sourced +3x fertilizer value as profit 80% +5x nearly 100% sourcing
27 Price / supply PRICE SUPPLY MODEL Base price for sourcing ratios between 0% and 50% Gradual increase to high price with increasing sourcing ratios
28 Price / supply RESULTS: STRAW (BLUE LINE) Base price: Straw costs + 1 fertilizer value as profit High price: Straw costs + 5 fertilizer value as profit European average FORESTRY RESIDUES (RED DASHED LINE) Base price: Observed prices High price: Chipped pulp wood ORGANIC MUNICIPAL WASTE (GREEN DOTTED) Base price: In vessel composting costs High price: In vessel composting OPEX Forestry residues Straw Organic Municipal waste Pitzer, Kronberger, FHOÖ
29 Thank you! Alexander.Stohr, wikipedia 11/06/
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