Filed Training Courses in the Tropics: Natural History or Global Change Issues? Kanehiro Kitayama Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto

Transcription

1 Filed Training Courses in the Tropics: Natural History or Global Change Issues? Kanehiro Kitayama Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto

2 Field training courses DIWPA International Field Biology Course (1995- ) JSPS Asia Africa Science Platform Program ( ) Kyoto Univ. Pocket Seminar Summer Field Course (2005- ) Undergraduate course, 1 semester class and a summer field work

3 DIWPA International Field-Biology Courses Pasoh (Malaysia), Baikal (Russia), Lambir (Malaysia) Yakushima (Japan), Cape Tribulation (Australia) Halimun 4 times (Indonesia), Lake Biwa 2 times (Japan), Pacific islands 4 times, Kinabalu (Malaysia)

4 DIWPA: DIVERSITAS in Western Pacific and Asia Promoting biodiversity research in Western Pacific and Asia Promoting DIWPA-IBOY (Internat l biodiversity observation year) Establishing a database Fostering young scientists/seeding projects Annual Internat l Field Biology Course Internat l symposium for education and dissemination

5 Steering Committee Organization of DIWPA Chariperson (Tohru Nakasizuka) and 14 members of Steering Committee Charters Secretary Office C/o Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University 400 members from 41 countries

6 DIWPA-IBOY (2001) Promoting standardized sampling & monitoring with common traps and designs Forest ecosystems Fresh water ecosystems Coastal marine ecosystems Island ecosystems (PABITRA) Protocol manuals

7 IBOY: Study of Ecosystem Functions with the Sym-biosphere Concept (Web of living things) Among-site comparison, but without a clear unifying hypothesis to test

8 Forest ecosystems Ecosystem processes Productivity Decomposition Nutrient dynamics Plants Insects Mammals Birds Soil fauna

9 DIWPA-IBOY Core Sites (Complete set of observations)

10 Sampling methods; Invertebrate Light trap Malaise trap Window trap Pitfall trap Bark spraying Canopy knockdown Slide by Prof. M. Toda

11 A network of research stations Networks Biodiversity researchers Monitoring Field Station Information Biological Information Reference system Information Specimens Reference collection Collections of Specimens Networks Database Database Networks Slide by Prof. M. Toda

12 Purposes of DIWPA IFBC To draw the interests of, and foster young researchers in field science To test instruments for IBOY To teach techniques for IBOY Campaign thru IBOY sites

13 DIWPA IFBC Collaboration of ecologists and taxonomists for IBOY Biodiversity (taxonomy and natural history) oriented One course consists of field and laboratory techniques and identification (14-30 days) Various natural ecosystems Host country and a central supporting grant (Japan)

14 Field Techniques

15 Laboratory techniques

16 Database Training Course

17 BIWA Underwater Stone-unit survey

18 IBOY Officially ended in 2003

19 DIWPA-IBOY database (Specimen database) ID No. Password Slide by Prof. M. Toda User access level Administrator RUUS Manager Member1 Member2 JPTO Manager Member1 Member2 MYKP Manager Member1 Member2 Guest1 Guest2 Data disclosure level RUUS Site JPTO IBOY MYKP Guest Data input and editing Data observation and download

20

21 Financial sources -DIVER -JST Project -21 COE

22 Pros and cons of DIWPA IFBC and IBOY Positive Successful in educating many young researchers Collaboration of taxonomy and ecology Capacity building in natural history (long-lasted motivation to continue IFBC) Negative Lacked a clear hypothesis to test (ecologists lost the motivation to continue IFBC) Academically too challenging (i.e. taxonomy needs a long time) Institutional barriers

23 LBA Global change LBA The Impacts of Land-Use/Land Use/Land-Cover in Amazonia on and deforestation Hydrometeorological Processes at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales Roni Avissar Rutgers University

24 Anthropogenic C Emissions: Land Use Change Carbon Emissions from Tropical Deforestation Africa Latin America Pg C y -1 (16% total emissions) Pg C yr S. & SE Asia SUM Houghton, unpublished

25 Lowland tropical rain forests in Borneo, studied by ecosystem ecologists Lambir sedimentary Kinabalu ultrabasic Kinabalu sedimentary Deramakot sedimentary Tawau volcanic PUSREHUT, Samarinda Central Kalimantan Heath Forest Palung sedimentary granite Central Kalimantan Peat Swamp Borneo Vegetation Map 2005 by WWF

26 JSPS -International seminar -Collaborative research -Capacity building Global Change Research of the Ministry of Environments F071 Sustainable management of tropical production forests through the incorporation of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation into the forest certification system

27 Deramakot, Sabah, Malaysia Field Biology Course Summer 2009 Data by Hiromitsu Samejima

28 Endangered wildlife relying on degraded forests

29 Dynamics of Effects carbon of in a drought Bornean and rain logging forest: on CENTURY ecosystem model C prediction (FSYSC) Baseline problems Baseline Drought w/ 2.6% mortality Drought and logging Logging Ecosytem carbon (gc/m 2 ) Carbon density Drought Warming only Selective logging (common) Drought and logging (business as usual) Year K. Kitayama (unpublished)

30 Borneo Sustainability Forum Sharing a common scenario to develop policies (Ecosystem ecology and land-use) Peta Liputan Lahan Nasional Pulau Kalimantan Laut Cina Selatan Prov. Kalimantan Timur Ma kas sar Prov. Kalimantan Barat Se la t Prov. Kalimantan Tengah Global Change Res. F071 Project JSPS Asia-Africa Platform Project Prov. Kalimantan Selatan Legenda Awan dan bayangan Rawa Hutan Lahan Basah Semak dan Belukar Hutan Lahan Kering Sawah Ladang Tubuh Air (Danau / Waduk / Sungai / Laut) Perairan Darat (Tambak) Lahan Terbuka Perkebunan Padang Rumput / Alang-alang / Savana Permukiman Laut Jawa Indonesia Malaysia Brunei Japan

31 Grazing Forest ecosystems Above net production 0.96 Wood production 0.40 Litter 0.56 Microbial 0.76 Wood 21.8 Social issue as a unifying theme 0.33 Root 4.7 Soil C 6.15 Educating young researchers to raise prediction power and observation capacity to develop policies for a sustainable society