Salt Lake Sustainable Building Conference: Introduction to Zero Energy Homes. Rob Hammon, Ph.D.

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1 Salt Lake Sustainable Building Conference: Introduction to Zero Energy Homes Rob Hammon, Ph.D.

2 What is Building America (BA)? National Department of Energy program Aims to achieve marketable, cost-effective net-zero Energy Homes (ZEHs) by 2020 Today s near-zero Energy Homes Use advanced energy efficiency and solar energy technologies Utility bill reductions of at least 60% relative to a local code home Goal: 40%-70% energy efficiency savings

3 What is BIRA? Building Industry Research Alliance Collaborative team; over 100 industry partners Led by ConSol One of six Building America teams Only West Coast team Only team that is part of the building industry

4 Building America Research Process House designs are simulated vs. the BA Benchmark using BEopt software to predict savings level Systems Research Prototype Homes Communities

5 Benefits of Building ZEHs with BA Monetary benefits Cost savings from making the best materials and equipment choices Reduced risks, increased productivity, and fewer callbacks Greater profit margins on energy efficiency and other upgrades Additional benefits Competitive advantage in the marketplace Customer satisfaction and referrals Beneficial to the environment

6 Do ZEH Communities Really Work? Building America Case Studies

7 Climate: Hot Mixed/Dry BA Savings: 38% Builder/Developer: Premier Homes Community & Location: Premier Gardens Sacramento, CA Number of Homes: 95 Total Unique Elements of Project: First standard ZEH community in Sacramento 100% solar PV 59% savings with PV Built in 2004

8 Premier Gardens

9 Side-By-Side Developments Near-ZEH Control

10 Side-By-Side Developments Near-ZEH (60% Whole House Energy Savings) vs. SMUD Advantage (30% Cooling Reduction)

11 Energy Efficiency Features Non-ZEH Premier Walls Ceiling Ins. R "Foam with Stucco R-30 R-38 Windows AFUE Vinyl-Framed Low-E SEER w/txv Air Flows Normal ACCA - Tested Ducts (attic) R-4.2 Buried in ceiling Ins Duct Sealing Normal Sealed Air Infiltration Normal <3 SLA, tested Water Heater 40gal 0.60EF Tankless 0.82EF Lights Incandescent Fluorescent Solar None 2.4kW BIPV

12 Demographics Similar size and price Contemporaneous sales Near-ZEH More-experience buyers More educated Did more research prior to buying Control Larger families (larger bedrooms) More wage-earners (2-3/household), more income

13 Actual vs. Predicted Electricity Use Comparing the Near-ZEHs Monthly Average Electricity Use (kwh) to Predicted Use kwh Near-ZEH w/o PV Near-ZEH w/ PV March '05 - Feb ' Benchmark Assumptions

14 Actual vs. Predicted Electricity Use (Revised) Comparing the Near-ZEHs Monthly Average Electricity Use (kwh) to Predicted Use REVISED *Revised assumptions include 80% electric ranges, 70% electric dryers, and 50% 2nd Refrigerator kwh 400 Near-ZEH w/o PV Near-ZEH w/ PV March '05 - Feb ' Benchmark Assumptions

15 Impact of ZEH on Electricity Bills $2,400 ZEH bill is 48% lower than the typical SMUD bill and 45% lower than the Neighboring homes right across the street. $1,900 ZEH 06 Bill ZEH Avg 06 Bill Non ZEH 06 Bill Non ZEH 06 Bill Non ZEH Avg 2006 Bill $ $1,400 SMUD Avg Res Bill $ ZEH Avg 2006 Bill $ $900 $400 -$ Electric Bills

16 Climate: Hot Mixed/Dry BA Savings: 42% Builder/Developer: Treasure Homes Community & Location: Fallen Leaf at Riverbend Natomas, CA Number of Homes: 32 Total Unique Elements of Project: 100% solar PV 57% savings with PV Beutler SmartVent Fresh Air system Built-out in 2007

17 Energy Efficiency Features R-38 attic insulation R-13 fiberglass batts + 1 EPS foam 3.1 SLA infiltration Dual pane vinyl-frame windows Engineered HVAC system 90% AFUE furnace 13 SEER A/C with thermal expansion valve (TXV) R-4.2 buried ducts with tight duct and ACCA Manual D 0.82 EF tankless water heater and R- 4 insulation on all trunk lines 100% fluorescent lighting Gas dryer stub provided

18 Renewable Energy Feature 2.0 kw PV system by BP Solar

19 Energy Cost Comparison $ Treasure vs. Cresleigh Monthly Electricity Bills $ $ Total Annual Electricity Bill: Treasure Homes $ Cresleigh Homes $ $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $0.00 Avg. Mo. Bill Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Treasure Homes $34.37 $28.84 $26.88 $38.04 $52.72 $36.33 $34.59 $20.04 $16.83 $20.11 $32.21 $52.03 $53.77 Cresleigh Homes $71.14 $66.10 $46.41 $67.45 $70.36 $62.77 $52.50 $47.46 $53.63 $64.49 $ $96.43 $124.57

20 Energy Cost Savings Assumes $1.00/therm and $0.08/kWh End Use Space Heating Annual Utility Bill Savings vs. Benchmark $ Space Cooling DHW Lighting Appliances and MELs Total Annual Utility Bill Savings w/o Site Gen. Site Generation Net Annual Utility Bill Savings w/site Gen. $ $ $ $62.20 $ $ $999.04

21 Annual Mortgage Cost Assumes 7% mortgage over 30 years Energy Efficiency Feature Builder Cost 10% Markup Total Monthly Cost Annual Cost R38 Attic Insulation Attic Radiant Barrier 90% AFUE Furnace 13 SEER Air Conditioning w/txv Beutler SmartVent System 82% EF Tankless Water Heater R-4 Pipe Insulation ComfortWise Program Gas Dryer Stub Flourescent Lighting Totals w/o Site Gen. 2.0 kw BP Solar Electric System Totals w/site Gen. $ $13.38 $ ($0.98) ($11.75) $ $32.10 $ ($2.35) ($28.19) $ $45.00 $ ($3.29) ($39.52) $95.00 $9.50 $ ($0.70) ($8.34) $ $70.00 $ ($5.12) ($61.47) $ $75.00 $ ($5.49) ($65.86) $75.00 $7.50 $82.50 ($0.55) ($6.59) $ $61.50 $ ($4.50) ($54.01) $75.00 $7.50 $82.50 ($0.55) ($6.59) $ $40.00 $ ($2.93) ($35.13) $3, $ $3, ($26.45) ($317.45) $16, $1, $18, ($120.00) ($1,439.98) $20, $2, $22, ($146.45) ($1,757.43)

22 Cost Effective Analysis Total Annual Utility Bill Savings w/o Site Gen. Total Annual Mortgage Cost w/o Site Gen. or Incentives Net Annual Cash Flow to Consumer w/o Site Gen. or Incentives $ ($317.45) $ Net Annual Utility Bill Savings w/site Gen. Total Annual Mortgage Cost w/site Gen. Net Annual Cash Flow to Consumer w/site Gen. $ ($1,757.43) ($758.39) SMUD Rule 15 Hook Up Discount ($500 one-time credit) Incentive for Lighting and Energy Star ($200 one-time credit) SMUD PV Buydown ($6,126 one-time credit) Federal Tax Credit for 50% Above IECC ($2,000 one-time credit) PV Tax Credit to the Homeowner ($2,000 one-time credit) Total Annual Mortgage Cost w/site Gen. and Incentives Net Annual Cash Flow to Consumer w/site Gen. and Incentives $39.92 $15.97 $ $ $ ($893.13) $105.92

23 Near ZEH Peak Demand Potential Side-by-side evaluation of Premier vs. Cresleigh Monitoring 18 homes in each community Monitoring power use/production (kw) in 15 minute intervals Same system used at Treasure Homes Monitoring 6 homes

24 Impact on Peak Premier vs. Cresleigh vs. Treasure Net Load, July kw Average of Premier Net Grid Load (kw) (18 home sample) Average of Power Produced by Premier PV (kw) Average of Cresleigh Net Grid Load (kw) (18 home sample) 2 Average of Treasure Net Grid Load (kw) (6 home sample) Average of Power Produced by Treasure PV (kw) AM 1 AM 2 AM 3 AM 4 AM 5 AM 6 AM 7 AM 8 AM 9 AM 10 AM 11 AM 12 PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM 11 PM

25 Climate: Hot Mixed/Dry Builder/Developer: Grupe Homes Community & Location: Carsten Crossings Rocklin, CA Number of Homes: 144 Total Unique Elements of Project: Strong focus on sales and marketing Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

26 Efforts Necessary for Success Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

27 Efforts Necessary for Success: Sales Training Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

28 Efforts Necessary for Success: Sales Displays Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

29 Efforts Necessary for Success: Press Events Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

30 Baseline Absorption Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

31 Sales Acceleration Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

32 Adjusted Baseline Absorption Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

33 Sales to Date Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

34 Absorption Rate Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

35 Results Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

36 Results Courtesy of The Grupe Company and Davis Energy Group

37 Climate: Hot Mixed/Dry BA Savings: 50% Builder/Developer: Hybrid Energy Homes Community & Location: Stone Hedge St. George, Utah Number of Homes: 100+ BA Level Status: Construction to begin on first phase in late April (20 homes) Unique Elements of Project: Creating cash-flow for homebuyers from aggregate sale of community REC s and EEC s (Blue Tags)

38 Climate: Cold BA Savings: 40% Builder/Developer: Kennecott Land Community & Location: Daybreak South Jordan, Utah Number of Homes: Kennecott Land to develop 200,000 homes over next 100 years Status: Construction began on model homes in April 08

39 Thank You! Questions? Rob Hammon, Ph.D. Principal, ConSol

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