Coastal Biological Data from Satellite

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1 Coastal Biological Data from Satellite Joji Ishizaka Nagoya University Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE) GEOSS Kyoto Genki Terauchi UNEP/NOWPAP CEARAC, NPEC SDG 14.1 Geoweek 2018 Oct.29

2 Topics Eutrophication (East China Sea as an example) Phytoplankton Group Identification (Harmful Algal Bloom) >GCOM-C (2018-) 250m >Himawari- (SST2015-, Chl2016-) Geostationary 2km Suggestions

3 2008- Green Tide Chugoku News Giant Jellyfish Eutrophication of Changjiang River Three Gorge Dam Iwataki Red tide Problems in the East China Sea

4 50m 100m (Siswanto et al, JO-11, Yamaguchi et al. CSR-13) Standard CHL (Chlorophyll-a) TSM (Total Suspended Matter) Chl-a in Turbid Water: Collaboration between Japan-Korea- China New YOC CHL Difference Jan

5 Seasonal Variation of Chl-a and TSM (Yamaguchi et al. CSR-13) Spring Bloom YOC CHL CDW TSM

6 Interannual Variation of Satellite Chl-a During Summer (Yamaguchi et al. Prog.Oceanogr. 2012) CDW Chl-a

7 CSYS Giant Jellyfish Bloom SeaWiFS MODIS MSYS CJE (Xu et al., JO-2016)

8 Preliminary Examination of Eutrophication (SeaWiFS-MODIS) Magnitude>5 mg m Trend HD HN HI LD LN LI Genki Terauchi UNEP/NOWPAP CEARAC

9 Changjiang Diluted Water MODIS- SeaWiFS (Siswanto et al. JGR18)

10 Phytoplankton Size in the East China Sea (Zhang et al., JGRO-18) in situ HPLC Increase of N/P increase of small phyto. (Xu et al., JO-18)

11 Red tide Map MODIS Detection of Harmful Algal Bloom (Dinoflagellate) (Siswanto et al. 2013)

12 Improvement of the land, coastal, and aerosol observations ü250m spatial resolution with 1150~1400km swath üpolarization/along-track slant view GCOM-C SGLI characteristics (Current baseline) Orbit Sun-synchronous (descending local time: 10:30), Altitude: 798km, Inclination: 98.6deg Launch Date JFY 2016 (TBD) Mission Life 5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years) Scan Push-broom electric scan (VNR: VN & P) Wisk-broom mechanical scan (IRS: SW & T) Scan width 1150km cross track (VNR: VN & P) 1400km cross track (IRS: SW & T) Digitalization 12bit Polarization 3 polarization angles for P Along track tilt Nadir for VN, SW and T, & +/-45 deg for P On-board calibration GCOM-C/ SGLI SGLI/VNR daily coverage VN: Solar diffuser, Internal lamp (LED, halogen), Lunar by pitch maneuvers (~once/month), and dark current by masked pixels and nighttime obs. SW: Solar diffuser, Internal lamp, Lunar, and dark current by deep space window T: Black body and dark current by deep space window All: Electric calibration Multi-angle obs. for 674nm and 869nm JAXA(Will be launched in 2017 SGLI : Second generation GLobal Imager shortwave & thermal InfraRed (T) Scanner (IRS) 250m over the Land or coastal area, and 1km over offshore SGLI channels l Dl L std L max SNR at Lstd IFOV VN, P: CH VN, P, SW: nm W/m T: µm VN, P, SW: - /sr/µm T: NEDT T: Kelvin m VN VN VN VN VN VN VN VN VN (@1km) 250 VN VN P P SW SW SW SW T /250 T / m-mode possibility Polarization (along-track slant) radiometer (P) Visible & Near infrared pushbroom Radiometer (VNR) 12

13 Chl.a Noctiluca GCOM-C Apr. 20, 2018 NASA, VIIRS/Suomi-NPP Estimated as Chl.a No Chl.a But Red Off Yamaguchi JAXA JAXA, GCOM-C

14 RGB False Color Chlorophyll-a Ha long Bay JAXA JAXA

15 Particle BackScattering (Total Suspended Matter) Absorption of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter And Detritus JAXA JAXA

16

17 Suggestions for GEOSS about Ocean Color RS Direct observation of biodiversity is difficult. (Chl-a, TSM, PP, CDOM, size, IOP, salinity,,,) Threat for biodiversity or habitat (eutrophication and other environmental changes) can be detected by satellite. Long term (>20 years) change can be detected. Local algorithm (at least verification) is necessary and in situ data is essential.

18 Torii

19 1000 Torii in Fushimi Inari Shrine

20 Mount Inari 1000 Torii

21 Otsurugisha Choja-sha God for Engineering

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