Biomass steam gasification - A platform for synthesis gas applications. Reinhard Rauch

Transcription

1 Biomass steam gasification - A platform for synthesis gas applications Reinhard Rauch

2 Team of R&D Scientific partners Engineering (as example) Operators (as example)

3 BIOENERGY wird gefördert von FFG und den Ländern Burgenland, Niederösterreich und Steiermark Bioenergy is a Competence Centre funded according to the rules of the COMET program from Austria Start of the project in COMET Program: 01 st April 2008 Foundation of company bioenergy : 29 th January 2009 Headquarter: Graz Research locations: Güssing, Wieselburg Additional research locations: Pinkafeld, Tulln Budget per year: 4.5 Mio. Funding: 55% Personal: about 70 full time equivalents Homepage

4 Bioenergy Vision

5 Research along the process chain Biogenous Residues Wood Heat and Electricity Fuel Pretreatment Pyrolysis/ Gasification Gas Cleaning Heat and Electricity Production Energy Plants Synthetic Products Biomass derived from waste Fuel tests in 100 kw pilot plant Gas Upgrading Polygeneration: heat/electricity/ H 2 Synthesis BioSNG FT synthesis Mixed alcohols Hydrogen Performance and long term tests / maintenance Optimisation of the whole chain

6 Gasification Concept of FICFB Producer Gas Flue gas Heat Gasification Combustion Biomass Circulation Steam Air 6

7 CHP-PLANT GÜSSING electricity heat 7

8 Gas Composition (after gas cleaning) 8 Main Components H 2 % CO % CH 4 % ~10 CO 2 % Minor Components C 2 H 4 % 2-3 C 2 H 6 % ~0.5 C 3 H 4 % ~0,4 O 2 % < 0,1 N 2 % 1-3 C 6 H 6 g/m 3 ~8 C 7 H 8 g/m 3 ~0,5 C 10 H 8 g/m 3 ~2 TARS mg/m Possible poisons H 2 S mgs/nm³ ~200 Mercaptans mgs/nm³ ~30 Thiophens mgs/nm³ ~7 HCl ppm ~3 NH3 ppm Dust mg/nm³ < 20 H 2 :CO = from 1.5:1 to 2:1

9 Commercial FICFB gasifiers Location Usage / Product Fuel / Product MW, MW Start up Supplier Status Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0 fuel / 2.0 el 2002 Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC / H fuel / 2.8 el 2008 Villach, AT Gas engine 15 fuel / 3.7 el 2010 Klagenfurt, AT Senden/Ulm DE Göteborg, Sweden Vienna, OMV Gas engine, BioSNG Gas engine / ORC 25 fuel / 5.5 el? AE&E, Repotec Ortner Anlagenbau Ortner Anlagenbau Ortner Anlagenbau Operational Operational Operational Planing 14 fuel / 5 el 2011 Repotec Commissioning BioSNG 32 fuel /20 BioSNG? Metso/ Repotec Hydrogen 50 fuel /30 hydrogen? Repotec Construction Planing decision end of 2012

10 FICFB Oberwart FICFB, gas engine, ORC 8.5 MWfuel, 2.8 MWel t wood chips/year District heating distance 5.2 km Product gas composition H vol. % CO vol. % CO vol. % CH vol. % C x H y 1-3 vol. % Pg_recir c.

11 Polygeneration Production of Valuable Gases, Electricity and Heat from Biofuels Objective: Develop economic feasible process configurations for the production of valuable gases, heat and electricity by using polygeneration strategies. Milestones: Raise of valuable gases in producer gas Separation of valuable gases from producer gas Optimization of process chains Design of pilot plant Biomass Gasification Gas Cleaning Heat and Power Production Raise of Valuable Components Gas Separation Heat and Power Valuable Gas H 2

12 Polygeneration Results Main gas components [vol %] H2 CO2 CO Hydrogen is used in a PEM fuel cell 10 < 1% 1 ppm 0 After low temp. gas scrubber After membrane gas permeation After pressure swing adsorption

13 Biomass CHP Güssing FT synthesis Mixed Alcohols Hydrogen Gasifier BioSNG PDU Technikum Fuelling Station

14 Synthetic biofuels (FT- Route) Cellulose, Polyose (Hemicellulose ) Lignin i/n- paraffins (hydrocarbons) Fossil products (e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO) Wood chips Gasification Raw Syngas Cleaning/ Conditioning Pure Syngas FT- wax FT- Synthesis Hydro- (Co)-Processing Purge Gas Wax steam FT- fuels Hydrogen (pure/ recycled) HPFT- Fuels

15 Product distribution and Hydrocarbons content

16 Performances of FT synthesis Experiment Pressure [bar] CO conversion [%] α value [-] C 5+ selectivity [%] Par/Ole ratio [-] H 2 /CO ratio [-]

17 Comparison of produced FT Fuels fraction [%wt] FT- Diesel HPFT- Diesel CEC- Prüf. ACN: >72 t d = 2,5 s 68,5 t d = 2,91 s >51,8 / CFPP/CP/FP: -12/ -9/ - C -62/ -60 / -98 C -18/ -5 C Carbon- number i- paraff/res. (FT) n- paraff. (FT) i- paraff/res. (HPFT) n- paraff. (HPFT) i- paraff. /res. CEC- Prüf DK n- paraff. CEC- Prüf - DK

18 Results on engine tests with 20% blends Vergleichsbasis B0 Diesel

19 SGC Energia finished successfully their 1 bpd demo

20 Mixed alcohols Funded by Klima und Energiefonds and Bioenergy Aim is to get fundamental know how in the synthesis of mixed alcohols from biomass Main advantage is very simple gas cleaning, due to sulphur resistant catalyst

21 Actual status: first experiments are done Reformer Drying (glycol-scrubber) Compressor (5-7 Nm³/h; bar) Reactor 21

22 Molybdenum Catalysts The MoS based catalysts need about ppm of H 2 S in the synthesis gas to keep the sulfidation status constant which is necessary for a constant activity. So a removal of sulphur is not necessary, which reduced the investment costs dramatically. These catalysts are not sensitive to CO 2 in the synthesis gas. Only for CO 2 -contents above 30% a removal of CO 2 is necessary. Carbon deposits (coking) are normally no problem, also at H 2 /CO ratios smaller than 2. Mainly linear alcohols are produced. 22

23 Synfuel plant

24 BioH2-4Refineries Economic evaluation of production of hydrogen for a refinery Coordination by OMV 50 MW fuel plant to replace fossil hydrogen Evaluation of the biomass resources available for such a plant Basic - engineering of the gasifier as well as of all other sub units, including pipelines, utility systems, logistic needs Optimal use of by-products Economic evaluation

25 Simplified flow chart 25

26 Current Status and Outlook Successful scale up of a dual fluidized bed steam gasification system from laboratory to industrial scale (within 10 years) Industrial plant available with High electrical efficiency (> 30 % with combined gas engine and ORCprocess) No solid residues (only ash, carbon content <0,5 %) No liquid condensates European emission requirements are met High availabilities (>90 %) Three plants are already in operation (8-15 MW fuel ) High potential for biofuels (BioSNG, BioFiT) BioSNG, most suitable, 1 MW (100 m 3 /h BioSNG), demonstration plant is in operation (soon again) BioFiT, research ongoing, scale up to 1 bpd is ongoing Biomass CHP Güssing optimal for research, as cheap synthesis gas is available for 7000 hours per year

27 Future More info at

28 Conversion of wind and photovoltaic to transportation fuels biomass gasification gas cleaning steam CO 2 gas conditioning (CO 2 - removal) synthesis More info at External hydrogen