NASA and Carbon Management

Transcription

1 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Science Team Meeting NASA and Carbon Management Ed Sheffner Earth Science Division April 11,

2 NASA Organization Four Mission Directorates: 1. Aeronautics 2. Exploration Systems 3. Space Operations 4. Science a. Earth Science Research Applied Sciences b. Helio Physics c. Solar System d. Universe 2

3 NASA Strategic Goals* 1. Fly the Shuttle as safely as possible until its retirement, not later than Complete the International Space Station in a manner consistent with NASA s international partner commitments and the need of human exploration. 3. Develop a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and aeronautics consistent with the redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on exploration. 4. Bring a Crew Exploration Vehicle into service as soon as possible after Shuttle retirement. 5. Encourage the pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging commercial space sector. 6. Establish a lunar return program having the maximum possible utility for later missions to Mars and other destinations. *NASA 2006 Strategic Plan 3

4 Strategic Goal #3 A. Study Earth from space to advance scientific understanding and meet societal needs. B. Understand the Sun and its effects on Earth and the solar system. C. Advance scientific knowledge of the origin and history of the solar system, the potential for life elsewhere, and the hazards and resources present as humans explore space. D. Discover the origin, structure, evolution and destiny of the universe, and search for Earth-like planets. E. Advance knowledge in the fundamental disciplines of aeronautics, and develop technologies for safer aircraft and higher capacity airspace systems. F. Understand the effects of the space environment on human performance, and test new technologies and countermeasures for long duration space exploration. 4

5 NASA Earth Science The Earth Science Division supports: 1) research projects that exploit the observations and measurements acquired by NASA Earth observing missions, and, 2) Applied Sciences projects that extend NASA research to the broader user community and address societal needs. 5

6 Applications of National Priority Agricultural Efficiency Air Quality Aviation Carbon Management Coastal Management Disaster Management Ecological Forecasting Energy Management Homeland Security Invasive Species Public Health Water Management 6

7 Integrating Knowledge, Capacity and Systems into Solutions 7

8 GEOSS Architecture 8

9 NASA Integrated System Solution Model Model characteristics: Enhance decision making related to specific societal benefits Incremental process Verifiable impact through benchmarked results 9

10 Current NASA Earth Observing Systems Aqua* CHAMP FAST Geotail (with Japan) ICESat* EO-1* NOAA-M(POES) QuickSCAT SeaWinds* (with Japan) TERRA* TRMM* (with Japan) Aura Cluster (with ESA) GOES-M* GRACE* JASON-1* Landsat-5,7* Polar SAGE III (with Russia) SORCE TIMED *Land observations 10

11 Planned NASA Earth Observing Systems Aquarius (2009) CALIPSO (2006) CloudSat (2006) GPM (2010) LDCM (2010) NPP (under review) NPOESS (under review) OSTM (2008) OCO (2008) 11

12 Carbon Management Integrated System Solution EARTH SYSTEM MODELS Net Ecosystem Production Model: CASA - Carbon assimilation in above and below ground biomass, - Assessment of land and ocean carbon sink strength, - Soil moisture, - Land-atmosphere-ocean carbon exchange. *Supported Non-NASA Model Data EARTH OBSERVATORIES Atmosphere: Terra, Aqua, Terrestrial Networks, NPP, NPOESS, OCO Land: Terra, Aura, Landsat, Terrestrial Networks Ocean: SeaWIFS, Aqua, Terra, NPP, NPOESS Predictions Information Products, Predictions, and Data from NASA Applied Sciences Missions and Models: - Land cover condition and change - Volume of above ground biomass Forest condition - Soil moisture - Agricultural production and yield -CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere - Oceanic carbon uptake and storage - Fire management Observations DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS - Soil carbon sequestration - Forest management - Crop planning and rotation - Irrigation control - Atmospheric pollution monitoring and prediction - Energy production (burning of fossil fuels) - Climate and weather prediction - Ocean carbon sequestration VALUE & BENEFITS Climate change mitigation Improved efficiency in energy production Improved efficiency in crop production through enhancements in soil carbon Improved economy in marginal rural agricultural areas Climate change mitigation *Future Mission 12

13 Toward a Carbon Management Regime Validated decision support tools for measurement and monitoring of carbon storage in terrestrial and aquatic environments Next Global land cover and change products Assess and predict sink duration for different land uses Socioeconomic Impact N. American Carbon Program and related international results incorporated into models (w/ C data assimilation). Prototype Carbon DSS Forest height & canopy volume sampled globally. First global land cover change data product Global atmospheric CO 2 from OCO Soil Surface Moisture Measurement Regional monitoring of carbon storage in biomass and soils. Regional assessment of candidates for carbon sequestration. Assessment of carbon sink strength at continental scale Capability to discriminate between land and atmospheric carbon fluxes. Assessment of carbon management DSTs in operational systems. Assessment of OCO data usage Modeling of soil carbon storage as a function of soil fertility and vegetative processes Volumetric assessment of above ground carbon sinks (3-D vs former 2-D capability) Potential to reduce frequency of costly in situ measurements Improved accuracy in measurements of carbon fluxes and monitoring of carbon storage in above ground biomass, lakes and coastal environments Current trajectory Steady improvement in model coupling, process characterization, assessment of carbon sources and sinks Landsat 7 Terra Landsat Next Aqua OCO NPP NPOESS Aura Current /15/06

14 North American Carbon Program (NACP) Systems Integration NACP quantifies magnitudes and distributions of carbon sources and sinks, explains the processes controlling them, and produces a consistent analysis of North America s carbon budget. Observations Landsat 7 Dynamic Maps Field Studies Model-Data Fusion Diagnostic Models Predictive Models Decision Support NACP is a CCSP Interagency Collaboration Observations & Experiments Science Results Estimates & Uncertainties 14

15 CASA CQUEST NASA / NGA SRTM Elevation NASA MODIS Products Landsat 7 Decision Support Tool for Carbon Accounting Leaf Biomass Cropland NPP VEMAP & Daymet (UMT) Climate data Inputs include continental-scale land cover, NDVI, FPAR, elevation, soils, and climate data.. User Defined Profile Region of Interest Time Frame Biophysical Management Climate Scenario Output: landscape-to continental scale predictive maps of above and below ground distributions of sequestered carbon for different climate scenarios Carbon Sequestration Predication USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis Data Yale/UW Landscape Management System Multi-scale Validation Information Cropland Afforestation Prediction 15

16 Carbon Management Landsat 7 Tasking SeaWiFs Terra EDOS: Mission Control Societal Benefits Downlink Exploitation EOSDIS & DAACs Column CO2 (ppm) CASA/CQUEST 16 October 21-23, 2004

17 Carbon Management Projects Carbon Cycle Solicitation of 2004: "Linking Landscape Scale Carbon Monitoring with Forest Management" / Richard Birdsey, USDA Forest Service "Decision Support Systems for Carbon Management Across the U.S. Corn Belt" / Paul C. Doraiswamy, USDA Agricultural Research Service "North American Forest Disturbance and Re-growth" / Samuel N. Goward, University of Maryland "Accounting for CO2 Fluxes in Agricultural Lands" / Dr. Stephen M. Ogle, Colorado State University "Projections of Land Use Change and the Carbon Cycle" / Stephen J. Smith/Batelle, Pacific Northwest Division "A FrameworkTool for Full Carbon Accounting" / Tristam O. West, Oak Ridge National Laboratory 17

18 Carbon Management Projects ROSES Š Decisions 2004: ŅDecision Support for Forest Carbon Management: From Research to OperationsÓ/ Randy Wynne, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Chris Potter, NASA Ames Research Center REASoN CAN 2003: "The Global Land Cover Facility" / John Townshend, University of Maryland, College Park Directed funding (co-funded with Terrestrial Ecology Program): ŅA Community-Driven, North American Disturbance Record and Processing System For Land Satellite DataÓ/ Jeff Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 18

19 Invasive Species SRTM MODIS National Institute for Invasive Species Science Landsat 7 Input merged continental-scale NDVI time-series, elevation, soils, and biological field data.. Output landscape-scale predictive maps of invasive species distributions USGS Biological Data Goddard Space Flight Center High-speed networking interconnects NASA/USGS cluster computer & mass storage resources 19

20 Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS) Near Term Opportunities Data Management System for Earth Observations Improved Observations for Disaster Warnings Global Land Observation System Sea Level Observation System National Integrated Drought Information System Air Quality Assessment and Forecast System 20

21 USGEO Benefits Addressed by GLOS Reducing loss of life and property from disasters, Supporting sustainable agriculture and forestry, and combating land degradation, Developing the capacity to make ecological forecasts, Protecting, monitoring and managing water resources, Understanding the impact of environmental factors on human health, and Understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating, and adapting to climate variability and change. 21

22 NASA Land-Cover and Land-Use Change Science Team Meeting Ed Sheffner (202)

23 Landsat Data Continuity Mission Intention for Landsat 7 follow-on dates back to 1992 law that authorized Landsat 7 (Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992). Options for the system: a) commercial system, b) government build, c) government/private sector joint venture, d) international consortium. Recommendation for a joint venture led to solicitation for Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) in RFP cancelled by NASA in : Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) issued memo outlining plan for operational Landsat type instrument. Plan called for NASA to build instrument(s) for inclusion on NPP and/or NPOESS. 23

24 Landsat Data Continuity Mission December 2005: OSTP memo Landsat Data Continuity Strategy Adjustment NPOESS to proceed without Landsat type instrument; NASA will acquire a single LDCM free flyer to collect data and deliver to USGS for distribution; USGS responsible for operations of LDCM and for collection, archiving, processing and distribution of the land surface data to U.S. Government and other users; NASA and USGS will implement the LDCM in a manner that does not preclude different approach to follow-on systems; 24

25 Landsat Data Continuity Mission Goal remains to make Landsat a sustained operational program managed by the USG, or an international consortium, or a commercial partnership. OSTP, with NASA, USGS and other agencies will develop a plan for sustainable operational land imaging in accord with the goals and objectives of the US Integrated Earth Observation System. 25