Strategies for the Implementation of National Renewable Energy Action Plan (nreap) in Biomass Sector: Current and Future Development in Denmark

Transcription

1 Strategies for the Implementation of National Renewable Energy Action Plan (nreap) in Biomass Sector: Current and Future Development in Denmark Dr. Jonas Dahl Danish Technological Institute

2 The Danish Technological Institute An independent, non-profit institution Approved as a technological service institute by the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. The objective of the Danish Technological Institute is to address the needs of the industrial sector and society as a whole through the development and dissemination of technological innovation. 900 employees Annual turnover of 129,3 million 2

3 DIVISIONS AND CENTRES BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Concrete Indoor Climate and Building Examinations Masonry and Building Components Swimming Pool Technology Textiles Wood Technology BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT Policy and Business Development Human Resources Development Ideas and Innovation Technology Partnership PRODUCTIVITY AND LOGISTICS Automobile Technology Packaging and Transport Production Robot Technology Danish Meat Research Institute Hygiene and Preservation Measuring Systems and Data Integration Meat Quality Slaughtering Technology LIFE SCIENCE DTI Oil & Gas Food Technology Chemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory for Chemistry and Microbiology TRAINING IT Training Conferences Management ENERGY AND CLIMATE Energy Efficiency and Ventilation FEM-Secretariat Installation and Calibration Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technology Pipe Centre Renewable Energy and Transport MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION Materials Testing Microtechnology and Surface Analysis Metrology and Quality Plastics Technology Product Development Tribology INTERNATIONAL CENTRE EU Project development 3

4 Biomass activities at DTI The biomass group provide: - Consulting (technology, safety, modeling, policy, etc..) - Project development (EU-project, coordination, project development, etc.) Biomass resources Characteri sation Conditioning Storage & Logistics Conversion Straw, wood Mixed agricultural Makro algaes Bio Waste Manure. Quality assurance of pellets Type test and approval of biomass boilers and stoves Drying Milling Pelletising Extrution Torrefaction. Logistic modelling &optimisation Fire and off-gasing protection in storage facilities Biogas to the NPG-net 2G-Ethanol from straw and waste. 4

5 Danish Renewable Energy Plan One of the most ambitious in the world!! Committed to the RE directive ( ) of the EC to increase share of renewables in the gross energy consumption to 30% by 2020 The aims to reach the 2020 goal are set in the National Renewable Action Plan in Denmark (nreap). The Danish plan is even faster than the requirements of EU March The Danish government and the opositional parties signs a new long term energy agreement with the aim of a fossil fuel independent Denmark by 2050

6 Denmark? Some facts: Population: ~5,5 mil Area: km2 Islands: > 100 Highest Point : 170,86 m Forest: 13 % Agricultural land: 64% 6

7 Climate Denmark Average temperature in coolest month February, -3 ºC 7

8 Climate Denmark Average temperature in warmest month July, 22 ºC 8

9 Gross Energy Consumption 22% Source: 9

10 Delinking growth in GDP and energy consumption The Danish success Gross Energy Consumption & Final Energy consumption /GDP (DKK Million) Source: 10

11 Historical reasons Denmark has pursued an active energy policy since the 1970s, with energy saving and renewable energy as high priorities. Several support schemes to promote renewable energy as well as improve energy efficiency in production and consumption Fossil fuel (oil, coal, natural gas) is taxed heavily No taxation on biomass as fuel Support for investment in biomass plants, wind, as well as small to medium scale CHP based on NPG Subsidies for electricity produced from renewables (biomass, wind,..) Funding of R&D and demonstration projects as well as dissemination of information => the idee of renewable energy is rooted in the Danish population Due to support started in s a change in the energy infra structure, from a few large centralized low efficient power producing facilities => decentralized high efficient CHP systems + district heating network are build and renewable fuels introduced

12 From centralized power production to decentralized CHP production Source: Preben Maersgaard, Danish Energy Policy, 12

13 Increased energy efficiency by combined heat and power 13

14 Large central CHP plants (> 100 MWe) Power production in Denmark from 45 %coal 20 % NPG, 11 % solid biomass, 6% oil, 21% wind Large CHP mainly based on pulverised coal combustion technology Reconstruction or new plants are multifuel (straw, wood chips, wood pellets & NPG) Reconstruction to 100 % biomass is ongoing in some boilers (mainly into wood pellets) Possibilities of torrefied biomass is also heavily investigated as a potential (DONG, Vattenfall) Multifuel CHP avedøre 14

15 District Heating District heating supplies 60% of domestic housing heat corresponding to 45 % of total heat requirements 78 % of district heat from CHP 22% of the district heat from ~100 district heating plants Danish Community Owned District heating plant 50% from renewable source wood chips organic waste straw bio oil biogas Heat pumps (using wind power) 15

16 Change in Gross energy consumption by 2020 according to National Action Plan 1) Total gross energy consumption is reduced by 4 % by 2020 in relation to 2006 by increased energy efficiency in buildings and energy production 2) Growth in renewable energy by 2020 in relation to 2008 by substituting fossil fuels 16

17 nreap Biomass Strategy => Potential coverage by National resources Straw ~6 million tons of straw produced ~1,5 m tons is currenty used for energi purpose ~2,5 m tons used for foder and bedding, ~2 million tons not utilised => In to 2nd generation ethanol ( ~20 PJ biofuels) => in to biogas Straw Energy crops ~Current production of energy crops (willow, grass,..) is about 4 PJ => In 2020 this is increased by 65 PJ by change i land use => in to biogas Manure Today 5 % of manure to biogas => 2020 Increased to 50% => mixed with other biomass (+35 PJ) Biogas is heavily supported in energy agremeent by guaranteed tariffs for deliver to CHP and to gasnet replacing NPG 17

18 nreap Biomass Strategy => Potential coverage by national resources Biodegradable waste nreap estimates (+ 5PJ) of biodegradable waste => 2020 utilised in waste incineration and biogas production wood nreap estimates (+ 32PJ) of solid biomass to be used in large CHP substituting coal by 2020 Potential extra outake from national forestry is ~10 PJ => 2020 mainly covered by import of wood pellets 18

19 Danish consumption of wood pellets ~1 mil ton Source: Danish Energy Authority,

20 Production / import of pellets in Denmark > 90 % import Source: Danish Energy Authority,

21 Summing up Denmark has one of the worlds most ambitious renewable energy goals in the world but is well equipped due to previous changes in energy infra structure and focus on energy efficiency. Biomass will play an important part as a storable energy resource that can be tapped when the wind is not blowing. Denmark is self sufficient in biomass except for wood which currently is important for substituting coal on large CHP plants. Large import of wood pellets foreseen 21

22 Thank you for your attention! Jonas Dahl DK Danish Technological Institute

23 Extras 23

24 Fuel Prices District Heating Plants

25 Financing subsidies for RES 25

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28 Biomasspotential in Denmark Kilde: Den nationale energihandlingsplan 2010 (without industrielt biomass waste ca. 10 PJ Type of Biomass Use 2008 in PJ Unexploited potential in PJ Conditions for potential evaluation Straw Current area use Wood Current use and forest areas Energy crops % of the land area Biodiesel/ethanol 5 20 Non-used straw, 40PJ. η = 50% Biogas 4 35 Current generation of manure Marine biomass 0? No data available Total biomass Waste etc Estimated amount of waste 2020 The estimated assumption is that 20 % of the un-utilised wood potential of 10 PJ will be exploited by

29 Degree of Self-suffiency 29

30 Production of Renewable Energy by Energy Product biomass