Decentralised provision of Heat, Power and Biochar from Residual Biomass

Transcription

1 Decentralised provision of Heat, Power and Biochar from Residual Biomass 3rd FIT Platform on Powering a Greener Future Bangalore 22 th November 2014 Professor Dr. Andreas Hornung Fraunhofer UMSICHT Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg Folie 1

2 Megacities and rural areas Rank Megacity Country Population Annual Growth 1 Tokyo Japan 33,800, % 2 Seoul South Korea 23,900, % Megacity 20/30 are located in Asia. 3 Mexico City Mexico 22,900, % 4 Delhi India 22,400, % 5 Mumbai India 22,300, % 6 New York City USA 21,900, % 7 São Paulo Brazil 21,000, % 8 Manila [20] Philippines 19,200, % 9 Los Angeles USA 18,000, % 10 Shanghai China 17,900, % 11 Osaka Japan 16,700, % 12 Kolkata India 16,000, % 13 Karachi Pakistan 15,700, % Slide 2

3 The New Delhi approach 5000 Busses on compressed natural gas - CNG Auto rickshaw on SNG and on H 2 Slide 3

4 Local Solutions for Biomass Production Cultures growing on Waste Water Slide 4

5 Short Rotation Cultures near New Delhi Slide 5

6 A first version of a containerised unit has been realised by Aston University and IIT Ropar Slide 6

7 Slide

8 Introduction The German Energiewende Folie 8

9 The German Energiewende Outlook 2050 Power production 2050 (637 TWh) Capacity 2050 (224 GW) Hydropower Wind energy Photovoltaics Biomass geothermal energy EU-Electricity-Network Coal Gas/Oil Hydropower Wind energy Photovoltaics Biomass geothermal energy EU-Electricity-Network Coal Gas/Oil Source:»Leitstudie 2010«BMU Slide 9

10 The German AD Market AD Pioneer and best practice example for bioenergy? Source: FNR 2013 Slide 10

11 The German AD Market in a Global Context US 2% AT 4% NL 1% CH 1% UK 1% Other 7% Other 31% DE 37% CZ 4% IT 6% DE 74% FR 5% UK 6% CZ 8% IT 13% New AD capacity global (2.681 MWel) Germany: +990 MW UK: +170 MW No. of AD plants global 2012 (10.531) Germany Italy Czech Republic UK Strong contributor to the growing global AD market Market share of German AD plant construction companies >39% global in 2012 Source: Biogas to Energy, by ecoprog & Fraunhofer UMSICHT 2012, Manufacturer information and estimates Slide 11

12 The Future of the German Energiewende The Necessity for Grids and Storage Folie 12

13 Challenges for the future energy supply Change of structures Today 2050 Environmental compatibility Acceptance Authorization Remuneration Slide 13

14 Capacity in MW Impact of Renewables Excess electricity in 2023 Hydropower Wasserkraft Biomasse PV Wind Onshore Black Steinkohle coal Gas Elecricity Stromverbrauch consumption 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Quelle: Fraunhofer UMSICHT Slide 14

15 Conventional power supply Controllable Supply Demand Consumption Generation Viktor Mildenberger, Petra Bork, Dieter Schütz, Andreas Morlok / alle pixelio.de Slide 15

16 Future power supply Controllable Load transfer Supply Demand Consumption Generation Efficiency Haushaltsgeld.net, Andreas Carjell, Viktor Mildenberger, Petra Bork, Dieter Schütz, Andreas Morlok / alle pixelio.de Slide 16

17 Temporal decoupling Regional decoupling Grids & storage Controllable Grids Load transfer Supply Demand Storage Consumption Generation Efficiency Haushaltsgeld.net, Andreas Carjell, Viktor Mildenberger, Petra Bork, Dieter Schütz, Andreas Morlok / alle pixelio.de Slide 17

18 Extended bioenergy concept The Biobattery Folie 18

19 The German AD market a matured market? Energy crops vs. Biowaste Agricultural AD plants Fermentation of biowaste More then AD plants operate on the basis of energy crops and manure High remuneration rates in FIT 2009 Restrictions caused by eutrophication in areas with active soil 113 plants in Germany designed for anaerobic treatment of biowaste Only basic tariff until FIT Mt of additional biowaste from 2015 due to obligatory biowaste collection Slide 19

20 The Biobattery concept Slide 20

21 The Biobattery concept Use of peak electricity Material & energy products Flexible technology pool Biogenic waste streams Intelligent storage integration Slide 21

22 The Biobattery concept The market of residual waste streams Digestate Synthesis gas Electricity Dual-Fuel-CHP * Biowaste Oil Heat Agricult. Residues Fuels Sewage sludge Fertilizer Char Biowaste Value gain products Solid fuel Slide 22

23 Power to Products & Cross Energy Management (P 2 P) 3 The Biobattery Power to Pyrolysis Biochar-Postreforming H 2 + CO 2 Power to Product Power to heat Heatstorage Pyrolyse & Reforming Öl Storage Pyrolysiswater Co-Digestion Gas Biogplant CHP Konditionierung Digestatet Power to Product CO 2 Product to Power Slide 23

24 Biogenic residues Potential of biowaste Residual biomass in Germany Biowaste 1 4 Mio. Mg/a Garden and park waste 2 4,5 Mio. Mg/a Sustainability restrictions Food or fuel Straw Mio. Mg/a Hay 4 0,6-0,9 Mio. Mg/a Sewage sludge 5 1,9 Mio. Mg DM/a Source: 1 UBA 2011, ²Destatis 2010, ³Zeller et al., 2011, 4 Simon et al., 2008, 5 UBA, 2012 Slide 24

25 Extended bioenergy concept The Biobattery Biowaste fermentation & Thermo-Catalytic Reforming Slide 25

26 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Energy balance Slide 26

27 High quality of all product fractions Bio-oil Syngas Char High quality, engine-ready Miscible with common fuels Engine application also as blended fuel No tar issues High calorific value Low acid number Engine-ready gas Tar and dust free syngas Direct engineready adjustable hydrogen content practically free of aromaticcompounds Transportable and storable biochar meets nutrient requirements and specifications of PK fertilisers High soil stability Very low H and O content High calorific value Significant ash content Slide 27

28 High quality of all product fractions Bio-oil Syngas Char C H N S O (diff.) H 2 O Ash TAN HHV 76.6 wt.% 7.7 wt.% 2.2 wt.% 0.6 wt.% 11.2 wt.% 1.7 wt.% < 0.05 wt.% 4.9 mg KOH/g 33.9 MJ/kg H 2 CO CO 2 CH 4 C x H y N 2 (diff.) HHV 35 ± 3 v/v% 15 ± 2 v/v% 25 ± 1 v/v% 7 ± 2 v/v% 2 ± 1 v/v% 16 ± 2 v/v% 11 MJ/m³ C H N S O (diff.) H 2 O Ash HHV 65.0 wt.% 1.2 wt.% 1.5 wt.% 0.3 wt.% 2.2 wt.% 0.7 wt.% 29.1 wt.% 23.9 MJ/kg miscible with fossil/bio fuels low tar content and acidity low fraction of non-volatiles tar and dust free gas H 2 over 30 v/v% high mechanical stability transportable and storable low-odour Slide 28

29 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Product comparison: Oil from digestate Unit TCR digestate Flashpyrolysis Wood 8 Vegetable oil 9,10 C % (m/m) 75,3 37,1 77,5 H % (m/m) 10,5 8,1 11,8 N % (m/m) 1,4 0,3 2,7 S % (m/m) 0,6 - max. 10,0 mg/kg O % (m/m) 11,0 54,5 10,7 Water % (m/m) 1,2 35,6 max. 75g/kg Ash % (m/m) < 0,1 0,4 max.0,01 TAN mg KOH/g 3,8-2 LHV MJ/kg 33,8 14,4 36 Source: 8 D. Meier, et al., 2007; 9 DIN EN ; 10 Jürgen Karl, 2006 Slide 29

30 Hydrogen from Biomass No longer a Gasifier is required Hydrogen production costs on basis of electrolysis processes or via synthesis gases from different fossil and renewable sources Electrolysis processes require between 50 to 79 kwh to produce 1 kg hydrogen (40 kwh/kg) The lowest production costs can be realised based on natural gas for 2,5 ct/kwh. Slide 30 Quelle

31 The new Hydrogen Bio-Economy 20 % mix of hydrogen to natural gas grid Use for fuel cell cars Estates decentral. fuel cell heaters Hydrogen Grid Residue wood Winkler generator Perowskite Membrane Food waste Intermediate pyrolysis Gasification Separation Ground service material Town gas grid CHP Slide 31

32 Biogas production Biomass production Thermal lines Heat Picture of the stations around Birmingham and Power Slide 32

33 Biogas production Biomass production Hydrogen Thermal lines Heat Picture of the stations around Birmingham and Power Fuel Cell E-power E - power Severn Trent Water Slide 33 reenfinch Ltd ( Ludlow ),000 tpa Demonstrator Rennie & sons(bedford) 12,000 tpa

34 A transfer to India is easy, as the required Infrastructure and applications are already tested Slide 34

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37 Dried fibre fraction from dairy manure Pumped Fibre separation Drying Pellets Slide 37

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40 Diesel Biodiesel PO PO-BD Blend Lister Engine Parameters Cylinders 2 Power (kw) 15 Speed (rpm) 1000 Injection Aspiration Direct Nature Slide 40

41 NOx Emission (ppm) Exhaust Opacity (m -1 ) Engine Efficiency (%) CO Emission (%vol) FIGURE 3-6 ENGINE THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS 30% 29% 28% 27% 26% 25% 24% 23% 22% 21% 20% Thermal Efficiency Diesel Biodiesel Engine Power (KW) CO Emission Diesel Biodiesel 30%SSPO Engine Power (KW) Folie 41 NO x Emission Diesel Biodiesel Engine Power (KW) Smoke Emission Diesel Biodiesel 2 7 Engine Power (KW) 12

42 Biochar application Brazil (11 tons per ha). Embrapa Research Station, Manaus, Brazil, Photo C. Steiner The classical way is biochar from wood we are looking for alternatives Slide 42

43 Productivity in terms of water used per produced goods Yield of capsicum and onions in grams per test field, for different days Slide 43

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45 Illustrative Scenario Value from oil press residue Oil press residue Syngas 630 t/year (15 MJ/kg) 300 kg/h CHP Plant 300 kw electric (effective) Biooil* t/year 10% humidity Olive pomace TCR Reactor 460 t/year (36 MJ/kg) Approx. 350 t/year For plant heating Biochar 630 t/year (26 MJ/kg) * Biooil is blended with 10-20% of vegetable oil, biodiesel or regular diesel ** Plant incl. dryer is heated using heat from CHP plant and combustion of biochar or external fuel *** In addition process water is produced (approx. 20% of the feedstock) Folie 45 Susteen Technologies GmbH

46 Illustrative Application Scenario Business Case Oil press residue Expense mn. INR/a Feedstock 1.78 Biodiesel 4.27 Labor 0.47 Maintenance 3.26 Other 0.62 Total 10.4 Feedstock Capacity Electric Capacity Capital Expenditure TCR Plant 2,250 tpa 360 kw (installed) 840 keur (INR 65m) Revenue mn. INR/a Power sales 24.3 Heat 3.57 Biochar 2.09 Total 30.0 Illustrative business case based on experimental data and estimates Annual averages over 20 years project duration Loan financing not considered Result mn. INR/a EBITDA 19.6 Depreciation 3.26 EBIT 16.3 IRR 29% Power price: 9300 INR/MWh Heat price: 2300 INR/MWh (50% utilization) Biochar price: 7800 INR/t Folie 46 Susteen Technologies GmbH

47 Decentralised provision of Heat, Power and Biochar from Residual Biomass Thank you very much! Contact: Fraunhofer UMSICHT Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg An der Maxhütte Sulzbach-Rosenberg info-suro@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Internet: Professor Dr. Andreas Hornung Phone: andreas.hornung@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Slide 47