Biogas Technology from Research to Regional Technology Transfer

Transcription

1 Biogas Technology from Research to Regional Technology Transfer The 17 th Kyoto University Southeast Asia Forum 2015 Bangkok, Thailand February 7, 2015 Warinthorn Songkasiri, Ph.D. National Center for Genetic Engineeing and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) Bangkok, Thailand Page 1

2 Presentation Outline Thailand Policy on Renewable Energy Biogas Technology Development in Thailand: History and Lessons Learnt Key Factors to Success Page 2

3 Thailand Policy on Renewable Energy Page 3

4 Biogas» Anaerobic Digestion converts organic compounds to methane and carbon dioxide» Biogas composition CH4 ~50-80% CO2 ~10-30% Others ~ H2O, H2S LHV 4,300 6,000 Kcal/m 3» 1 m 3 of biogas equivalent to: LPG 0.46 kg Electricity* 1.2 kw-h Diesel 0.4 kg Fuel Oil (C) 0.47 litres Gasoline 0.6 kg Coal 0.8 kg Charcoal 1.6 kg *Conversion efficiency at 25% Page 4

5 Importance of Agricultural Industry Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Thailand: Fact and Figure Population: 65.4 million Total Labor Force: 36.3 million 40% of Labor Force in Agriculture Total Area: 514,000 km 2 Agricultural area: 1/3 Year 2010 (GDP = 7.8 %) Source: BIOTEC, 2012 GDP Composition by Sector (2009) Agriculture: 11 % Services: 55 % Industries: 34 % Labor Force by Occupation Agriculture 40 % Services 43 % Industries 17 % Page 5

6 Economic and Social Indicator: Food and Agriculture in 2013 Export value of agri- and food products 800,000 million baht 12% of Thailand total export value 2.4% of world market The 7 th largest world agricultural and food exporter apart from EU US Brazil China Canada and Argentina Food Processing Plant 10,159 plants 91% are small and medium enterprises for domestic consumption 9% are medium and large companies for export Source: BIOTEC, 2014 Page 6

7 Country Strategy Low Carbon Society & Green Economy Growth & People/Qualit y of Life/ Knowledge Management/ Justice Competitive ness Good Governance Infrastructu re / Research & Developmen t Goal : GHG reduction in Energy Sector => less than 4 tons/person/year Inclusive Growth Green Growth Equity in Society Law & Regulations Source: Dr. Surachai Satitkunarat, ASEAN Biomass workshop, 2014 Page 7

8 Final Energy Consumption 2013 Fossil fuels 76.20% 21.7% Alternative Energy & Traditional RE Power Generation 1.74 % (Solar/Wind/Biomass /MSW/Biogas) Small Hydro Power 0.04% 1.50% Imported 0.6 % Hydro power Large Hydro power Heat 7.02% (Solar/Biomass /MSW/Biogas) Alternative & Renewable Energy % Source: Dr. Surachai Satitkunarat, ASEAN Biomass workshop, 2014 Biofuels 2.14% Traditional RE 10.74% Page 8

9 Government Funding On R & D & D Activities Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP : ) Private-Led Investment Target 25 % of RE in Total Energy Consumption By 2021 Solar Wind Bio-Energy Bio-Fuel 3,000 MW 1,800 MW 100 ktoe 4,800 MW, 100 ktoe Biomass Biogas MSW 4,800 MW 3,600 MW 400 MW 8,500 ktoe 1,000 ktoe 200 ktoe Ethanol Biodiessel 2 nd gen 9 ML/Day 7.20 ML/Day 3 ML/Day 8,800 MW, 9,700 ktoe Mini Hydro Micro Tidal wave New-Energy Geothermal 324 MW 2 MW 1 MW Source: Dr. Surachai Satitkunarat, ASEAN Biomass workshop, MW 9 Page 9

10 RE Potential wind Natural Solar Hydro Wind Crop Sugar cane (Molasses) Cassava Palm Waste Agricultural Industrial Municipal solid waste (MSW) Ethanol & biodiesel Solar Biomass & biogas Salween river = 15,000 MW Khong river = 10,000 MW *Total realisable potentials for RE in ASEAN-6 countries, by technology to 2030; IEA 2010 Source: Dr. Surachai Satitkunarat, ASEAN Biomass workshop, Page 10

11 Bioenergy Biomass AEDP Target 4,800 MW Current Capacity 1, MW Promote Distributed Green Generation Promote Planting Fast Growing Trees Extending transmission & distribution lines Biogas AEDP Target 600 MW Current Capacity MW Promote biogas production in household level Promote CBG Compress Bio-Methane Gas Biogas Safety Campaign AEDP Target Current Capacity Municipal solid waste Source: Dr. Surachai Satitkunarat, ASEAN Biomass workshop, MW MW Promote MSW in medium/small size Local Admin Organization Speed up private sector for co-working or implementing government WTE projects Promote RDF Refuse-Derived Fuel 11 Page 11

12 Adder: Feed-in Premiums Technology based premiums More incentives for smaller projects Fuel Biomass - Installed capacity <= 1 MW - Installed capacity > 1 MW Biogas (all categories of production sources) - Installed capacity <= 1 MW - Installed capacity > 1 MW Waste (community waste, not hazardous industrial waste, and inorganic waste) - AD &b LFG - Thermal Process Wind power - Installed capacity <= 50 kw - Installed capacity > 50 kw Mini and micro hydropower - capacity kw - capacity < 50 kw Adder (Baht/kWh) VSPP SPP Special adder * (Baht/kWh) Bidding Bidding No Solar power (suspended) Supporting period (Year) Source: Dr. Surachai Satitkunarat, ASEAN Biomass workshop, Page 12

13 Biogas Technology Development in Thailand: History and Lessons Learnt Page 13

14 Primary Resources for Biogas - Organics Industrial Wastewater Animal Farm Waste/Wastewater Agricultural Residues Municipal Wastes Benefit of Biogas System Environmental Benefit Waste and wastewater treatment Odor removal Economic Benefit Replacement of fossil fuel for heat generation Replacement of electricity from grid Profit from selling electricity to national grid Page 14

15 Biogas Potential in Thailand Cow manure Cassava wastewater 17% 40% Cassava pulp 19% Pig manure 11% Tuna industry WW 1% Palm oil Wastewater 4% Ethanol Wastewater 7% Pineapple industry WW 0.63% Slaughterhouse WW 0.2% Sugar industrial WW 0.02% Biogas Potential Manure 610 ktoe Industrial Wastewaters 460 ktoe KMUTT (> 20,000 million baht a year) Page 15

16 Components of Biogas System Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management I. Pre-Treatment of Raw Material Size reduction Removal of inorganic Neutralizing toxicity Enzymatic treatment Acid treatment II. Biogas Reactor Sludge (Solid) Biogas (Gas) Wastewater (Liquid) III. Post-Treatment Wastewater Secondary Treatment Open Ponds Biogas Biogas Cleaning Purification Solid Waste Sludge Treatment Fertilizer Page 16

17 Biogas Technology Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management I. Categorized by Types of Microorganism Attachment Suspended Growth (granule) Attached Growth (biofilm) II. Categorized by Efficiency of the System Based on Organic Loading Rate (OLR) [=] kg COD/m 3 reactor/day High Rate OLR > 4 Conventional Rate 2 < OLR < 4 Low Rate OLR < 2 Page 17

18 Biogas Technology Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Page 18

19 Biogas Technology Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Raw Material High Rate (H) Conventional Rate (C) Low rate (L) AFF UASB HYBRID CSTR Plug flow channel ABR ACL MCL Industrial Wastewater Cassava Starch O O O O O O Palm Oil O O O O O Ethanol O O O O O O Para-Rubber O O O O O Pulp and Paper O Food O O O O O O Candy* O O Agricultural Residues Cassava Pulp O O O O Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch O Palm Oil Decanter Cake O O Animal Farm Wastewater Swine O O O O O Dairy O O MSW O O O Page 19

20 Success Story of Biogas Development in Thailand 2,300 biogas plants installed during ,655 plants: small scale 70% are anaerobic fixed dome Page 20

21 Biogas Development in Thailand: Industrial Wastewaters Technology Import Technology R&D Demonstration Domestic Market Technology Export 1960 Biogas technology has been introduced in Thailand 1984 Full Scale Plant (12 distilleries Plants, import technology ASEAN Food Waste Project/tapioca waste/pineapple 1985 Biogas pilot plant at Ban Pong tapioca starch factory 1999 Full scale Biogas Plants at Rice starch factory 2002 EPPO partially subsidized investment cost of 12 cassava starch factories Several Industrial Biogas Plants have been built and operated Biogas technology has been exported to neighbor ng countries Thai Biogas Energy Company Limited (TBEC) (shareholders: Thailand, Finland, UAE) set up biogas plant at Doungphasuk Cassava Factory in Lao PDR (500 tons starch/day) Page 21

22 Lessons Learnt from the Biogas System Failure Lack of success cases/stories Lack of demonstration projects High investment Lack of governmental support Lack of local technology, only imported technology especially industrial level. Household level had technology from China and India Lack of operational experience Page 22

23 Biogas Development in Thailand: Industrial Wastewaters Technology Import Technology R&D Demonstration Domestic Market Technology Export 1960 Biogas technology has been introduced in Thailand 1984 Full Scale Plant (12 distilleries Plants, import technology ASEAN Food Waste Project/tapioca waste/pineapple 1985 Biogas pilot plant at Ban Pong tapioca starch factory 1999 Full scale Biogas Plants at Rice starch factory 2002 EPPO partially subsidized investment cost of 12 cassava starch factories Several Industrial Biogas Plants have been built and operated Biogas technology has been exported to neighbor ng countries Thai Biogas Energy Company Limited (TBEC) (shareholders: Thailand, Finland, UAE) set up biogas plant at Doungphasuk Cassava Factory in Lao PDR (500 tons starch/day) Page 23

24 Biogas Development in Thailand: Industrial Wastewaters Technology Import Technology R&D Demonstration Domestic Market Technology Export AFF: Anaerobic Fixed Film Technology High rate anaerobic digestor Single stage Less space Biofilm on media Higher shock load Tolerance Suitable with high suspended solid wastewater Factory BIOTEC / KMUTT + TTDI + Tapioca Starch Association Starch Program Investment Cost M baht Other Source - Environmental Fund - Soft loan 12 biogas demonstration plants for tapioca starch factories 166 million baht (30% of capital cost) Wastewaters 25 million m 3 4 agencies - Department of Energy Development and Promotion (DEDP) (4 factories UASB) - Department of Factory (3 factories UASB) - BAU, Chiang Mai University (2 factories H-UASB) - KMUTT (3 factories Anaerobic Fixed Film Reactor) EPPO (21.25% as EPPO s protocal) 9.07 M baht - 2 million baht technology fee - Training and knowledge dissemination to operators/factory owners Page 24

25 Biogas Project in Cassava Starch Industry Before the biogas project after Starch production 240 Ton dry starch/day Volume of waste water 2,400 m 3 /day COD 23,000 mg/l Organic loading 55.2 Ton COD/day Reactor size 12,000 m 3 Biogas production 17,600 m 3 /day crude oil equivalent 8,270 L/day ( $1M/year) Page 25

26 Packed bed suspended bed Influent Page 26

27 Anaerobic Fixed Film (AFF) Technology Transfer by BIOTEC/KMUTT Rice starch industry Bangkok Interfood Co.,Ltd. Tapioca starch industry Chonchareon Co., Ltd. Chaiyaphum Plant Co., Ltd. Northeastern Starch (1987), Co., Ltd. Sima InterProducts Co., Ltd. Udonpuempon Co., Ltd. Asia Fructose Co., Ltd. Food industry See-ong Hong Co., Ltd. Rama Foods Co., Ltd Chotiwat Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Page 27 Page 27

28 Chonchareon Co., Ltd. Chaiyaphum Plant Products Co., Ltd. NE Starch (1987) Co., Ltd. Time 3 years 29 months 21 months Biogas utilized 11.2 million m million m million m 3 Fuel oil replaced/ Value 3.6 million liters/ 55.4 million baht 1.7 million liters/ 27.8 million baht - Electricity generated/ value 6.1 million units/ 18.3 million baht million units/ 1 million baht LPG replaced/value million kg/ 9.6 million baht Wood chips replaced/ Value - - 3,669.7 tons/ 2.6 million baht Total saving 73.7 million baht in 3 years 27.8 million baht in 29 months 13.2 million baht in 21 months Investment cost 42.4 million baht million baht 39.6 million baht Page 28 Page 28

29 Investment Promotion (Ministry of Energy) 2002, support 30% of investment cost (9/12 starch factory) 2003, soft loan with 4% interest rate (not more than 50 M baht ) 2007, support 20% of investment cost 2009, support 50% of investment cost for biogas production from latex factory, solid wastes, frozen food factory Biogas Investment Promotion (NSTDA) Soft loan with low interest rate (75% of investment cost but not more than $ us1.5 M) 2006 soft loan with low interest rate and 1 year grace period 22 companies joined Page 29

30 Measures and Strategies to Promote Biogas Technology Financial support Tax incentive Promotion for Energy Service Company (ESCO) Small Power Purchase Tariff Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Environmental Law Enforcement Page 30

31 Biogas Development in Thailand: Industrial Wastewaters Technology Import Technology R&D Demonstration Domestic Market Technology Export Phase II EPPO managed the fund The biogas dissemination programme in Industrial Starch 60 plants; Fixed film, Cover lagoon, UASB, ABR, ACL, MCL Oil extracted from plants-- 89 plants, UASB, CSTR, ACL, MCL Ethanol 21 plants; UASB, CSTR, ABR, ACL, MCL Food processing 7 plants, Fixed film, UASB, Plug flow, ABR, ACL, MCL Latex industry-- 47 plants; UASB, CSTR, ABR, ACL, MCL Others 140 plants Subsidize up to 20-50% of biogas construction part Page 31

32 Biogas Development in Thailand: Animal Farm Wastewater Universities, Health Dept, National Energy Policy Board, and Dept of Agricultural Extension (DoAE) DoAE started a biogas promotion program (E selfsufficiency) Small biogas plant in livestock and some industries such as liquor/ beer, food and starch factories Only 35% of 2,800 biogas plant in use Bad construction, lack of experience and awareness Chiang Mai U and DoAE received support from GTZ initiated a Thai- German Biogas Promotion Project (TG-BP), Fixed Dom Technology 7 years, 3 phases - for Household farmers and industrial levels DoAE small (8-50 m 3 ) CMU medium and large farms ( m 3 ) 1992 The National Energy Policy Office (EPPO, now) managed the fund The biogas dissemination programme in livestock farms: medium and large size farms Subsidize up to 38% of biogas construction part EPPO managed the fund to Chiang Mai U The biogas dissemination programme in chicken farms phase I 4 Farms EPPO managed the fund with CU The biogas dissemination programm in Community Waste Subsidize up to 40-70% of investment and Consult Page 32

33 Status of Biogas Development in ASEAN Page 33

34 Plantation Areas of Principle Crop in ASEAN (M hectares) Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Plantation areas (M hectares) Palm oil cassava Source: FAO STAT, sugarcane Page 34

35 Processing plants of Principle Crop in ASEAN Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Number of Processing Plants Palm oil cassava source: sugarcane Page 35

36 Status of Biogas Plant in ASEAN: Palm Oil Mills Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management 76 Without Biogas 24% With Biogas 37% Under construction 39% 416 With Biogas 8% Under construction 7% With Biogas 4% without Biogas 94% 608 Under construction 2% Without Biogas 74% แผน 7% Number of total processing plants source: Krisada Chavananand, Page 36

37 Status of Biogas Excellent Plant Center in of Waste ASEAN: Utilization Cassava and Management Processing Without Biogas 25% Without Biogas 30% 80 With Biogas 70% 4 With Biogas 75% 60 Without Biogas 83% With Biogas 17% With Biogas 10% With Biogas 25% 4 Without Biogas 75% (Open lagoon) without Biogas 90% 400 Number of total processing plants source: Page 37

38 ASEAN Biogas-Market Potential Forecast Source: John C.Y. Lee,2010 Page 38

39 Opportunities of Biogas Consultant in ASEAN Market Waste to Energy (Singapore) build a biogas project at T.T.Y Tapioca Starch Factory in Cambodia (260 tons of starch/day) Thai Biogas Energy Company Limited (TBEC) (shareholders: Thailand, Finland, UAE) set up biogas plant at Doungphasuk Cassava Factory in Laos (500 tons of starch/day) Topec Waste to Energy (Netherland) build a biogas project at Siang Phong Tapioca Starch Factory in Cambodia Policy support? Financial support? Technology support? Incentive? ASEAN cross-boarder Consultant Source: Page 39

40 Key Success Factors Page 40

41 Key Factors to Success Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management APPLICABLE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTION & SUCCESS STORY BIOGAS Theory S A BUSINESS NEED B I O G GOVERNMENT SUPPORT INCENTIVE ORGANIZATION & OPPORTUNITY Business Need Incentive Organization and Opportunity Government Support Applicable Technology Solution and Success Study Page 41

42 Aiming to Low Carbon Industry: Agro-Industries in Thailand Hybrid AD Biogas Water reused By product Utilized Energy Zero Emission Process Improvem Product ent Quality Page 42

43 Trend in Biogas Technology Development in Thailand Technology Import Technology R&D Demonstration Domestic Market Technology Export Existing Technology Improve efficiency Centralized plant Incentive policy Safety (small-scale) New technology/ New substrate Different substrates Ligno-cellulose Salt Demonstration project Toxicity Microorganism selection (local diversity) Engineering Design Policy Standard Safety Standard safety Capability Building R&D / Technicians / operators / Technology Page 43

44 Contact Detail Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Warinthorn Songkasiri, Ph.D. Address: Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management PDTI Building, King Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkhuntien) 49 Soi Tiantalay 25, Thakham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok Thailand Telephone Number: (668) Fax Number : (662) Page 44