Water/Energy/Climate Nexus

Transcription

1 Water/Energy/Climate Nexus Interdependency of water, power production and climate change DWF, Vand og energi-effektivisering April 28, 2011 April 28, 2011, Rina Bohle Zeller, Group Government Relations, Vestas Wind Systems A/S

2 Agenda 1. Water/Energy/Climate Nexus 2. Challenging perspectives ahead 3. Water constraints in power production 4. Power production s water dependency 5. Wind energy s contribution 6. Integrated water/energy/climate policies 2

3 Water/Energy/Climate Nexus 1

4 Water, energy and climate are inextricably linked Energy production contributes to climate change Climate change will hit through water Water is consumed in energy production 4

5 Challenging perspectives ahead 2 Nam e of prese ntatio n 5

6 Challenging perspectives ahead Take one world already being exhausted by 6 billion people. Find the ingredients to feed another 2 billion people. Add demand for more food, more animal feed and more fuel. Use only the same amount of water the planet has had since creation. And don t forget to restore the environment that sustains us. Stir very carefully. Margaret Catley-Carlson, Patron Global Water Partnership, Chair of WEF Global Agenda Council on Water Security [WEF 2009]

7 Key factors driving today s tomorrow DEMOGRAPHICS POWER SECTOR CLIMATE CHANGE WATER SCARCITY Population growth and shift in demographic patterns boost demand for water and energy Largest industrial freshwater consumer and major contributor to global CO 2 emissions Climate change will hit through water: Wet will get wetter dry will get drier 40% water supply gap expected for Per-capita Water Availability 2025 [UNPP 2008] [WEO 2009] [CH2MHill based on WRI Data] [WBCSD 2006 based on Grey, Sadoff 2006] 7

8 Water constraints in power production 3 Nam e of prese ntatio n 8

9 Today s water constraints in power production Water Risks are Reality also for the Power Sector 9 Name of presentation

10 Countries impacted by water-related incidents in power production Non exhaustive press survey ( ) [CH2MHill/Vestas] Drought and heat-wave related power cuts Drought and heat-wave related power price increases Power plants with legal challenges due to water issues Power plants with public opposition due to impacts to water resources and aquatic species 10

11 Global freshwater demand outweighs supply Water supply gap forecast (business-as-usual approach) billion m 3 [Water Resource Group 2030] 11

12 Power productions water dependency 4

13 Water consumption in power generation Water Intensities of Power Generation m3/mwh PV Photovoltaic; CSP Concentrated Solar Power; NGCC Natural Gas Combined Cycle; CT Cooling Tower; CCS Carbon Capture and Storage; PC Pulverized Coal 13 [DHI 2010, Harvard 2010, IEEE 2010, NREL 2003, Stillwell et al. 2009, US DoE 2006, US DoE 2009, WEC 2010, WEF 2009, WEF 2011, Western Resource Advocates 2008]

14 Water consumption in the power production Adding Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) to fossil fuel fired power plants increases the water consumption by up to 90% Increase in water consumption with CCS m3/mwh NGCC Natural Gas Combined Cycle; IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (coal based technology); PC Pulverized Coal 14 [US DoE 2009, DHI 2010]

15 Wind energy s contribution 5

16 Wind energy s water saving potential Replacing water-intensive fossil-fuel based power generation with electricity generated by wind can save more than litres of water per megawatt hour. 16

17 Water saving potential of the U.S. 20% wind scenario U.S. Water Savings from the 20% Wind Scenario billions of gallons/year And would avoid putting 825 million metric tons of CO 2 annually into the atmosphere by 2030, or a cumulative total of million metric tons by [US DoE 2008] 17

18 Wind is abundant in many areas where water is or is expected to become scarce Wind Speed (> 4.8 m/s) & 2025 Projections for Annual Renewable Water Supply (m 3 /person/year) 18 [CH2MHill based on WRI 2000 & NASA 2005]

19 Integrated water/energy/climate policies 6

20 The time is NOW to act Energy demand is increasing Climate change mitigation requires low carbon power generation Increasing water scarcity requires incorporating water needs of the power generation when deciding on new power plants 20

21 Integrating water and climate change into energy policies will help put the world on a more sustainable growth path

22 Thank you for your attention Copyright Notice The documents are created by Vestas Wind Systems A/S and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Vestas Wind Systems A/S. The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Vestas Wind Systems A/S. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided as is and Vestas Wind Systems A/S shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the documents by you.