Sustainable Chemistry

Transcription

1 Prof. Dr. Klaus Ku mmerer

2 Products of the Chemical Industries

3 Increasingly Complex Products Werksfoto Siemens & Halske 1956 Approx. 40 different elemente H, Li, Be, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Br, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Bi, Nd. 1 mobile phone (100g) contains 13,7 g Copper 0,189 g Silver 0,028 g Gold 0,014 g Palladium

4 After Usage

5 Chemicals, Chemical Products,... > on the EU Market Industrial chemicals solvents fuels components explosives dyes plasticisers... Consumer related contrast agents personal care products detergents sweeteners... Chemical groups alkanes, alkohols,.. (hetro)cycles nano particles... Industrial products 2 O 3 1 refrigerants Br Targetd bioactivity n pesticides lubricants biocides surfactants Disinfectants flame retardants pharmaceuticals preservatives anti-dp... 6' 1' 2' 5' n+m = ' Br m 4'

6 Industrial chemicals solvents fuels components explosives dyes plasticisers And... > on the EU Market Consumer related contrast agents personal care products detergents sweeteners... Chemical groups alkanes, alkohols,.. (hetro)cycles nano particles... Industrial products 2 O 3 1 refrigerants Br Targetd bioactivity n pesticides lubricants biocides surfactants Disinfectants flame retardants pharmaceuticals preservatives anti-dp... 6' 1' 2' 5' n+m = ' Br m 4'

7 Micro Pollutants - µg/l Aquatic Environment Pharmaceuticals: 71 Countries (grey: no data; probably due a lack of measurements) der Beek and Weber, 2014;

8 Background Declaration of Rio 1992: safe substitutes for long living chemicals (Agenda 21, # 19.21) Using best available technique (BAT) (EC 1996, Amendment 2010 as 2010/75/EU; Stockholm Convention, Rotterdam Convention, Basle Convention ) Rio plus 10 (Johannesburg): Sound Management of Chemicals until 2020

9 Green Chemistry Raw materials Synthesis Manufacturing Use End of life

10 Utilisation of Biomass for Sustainable Fuels & ChemicalsCM 0903 (UBIOCHEM) The stone age didn t end when there were no more stones left Sustainable 10 Chemistry

11 Biorefinery Concept

12 How Do We Know When it is Sustainable? Shape a unified view and metrics for comparing different processes to sustainable fuels and platform chemicals from biomass. isoprene Succinic acid 1,4-butanediol 1,2-propanediol butanol(s) acrylonitrile

13 Products and Waste kg (waste + by products) E = kg products E-factor = (mass of inputs - mass of outputs) mass of product Sheldon R; Green Chemistry, 1994, 2007

14 Phloroglucinol Synthesis 1980 CH 3 COOH O 2 N NO 2 O 2 N NO 2 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 Fe/HCl H 2 SO 4 / SO 3 - CO 2 NO 2 NO 2 TNT H 2 N NH 2 NH 2 HO OH aq.hcl ΔT O H Phloroglucinol Yield > 90 %!

15 Phloroglucinol Synthesis 1980 The full Yield HO OH Was also needed O H Produkt MW = 126 Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2KHSO 4 + 9FeCl 2 + 3NH 4 Cl + CO 2 + 8H 2 O 144 MW ca. 40 kg of solid waste per kg Phloroglucinol Atom efficiency: = 126/2282 = ca. 5 % E-factor = ca. 40

16 Solvent Selection

17 Dunn, P.: Green Chem. 2004, 6, Sildenafil Synthesis Solvent Waste

18 Future Market for Green Chemicals

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21 Sustainable? Polyurethane + Flame Retardents

22 Sustainable? Geo Textiles and Wind Energy plasticisers UV-stabilisators

23 Sustainable Bioplastics? Biobased materials/ Non biodegradable Biodegradable Fossil based

24 Usage of Elements Achzet et al., Materials critical to the energy industry, Augsburg, 2011

25 Why Emissions Before and within the production and the products Production of Chemicals Year Increasing: Source: OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 (OECD 2008) Number and volume of chemicals and products Rest of the World Complexity (materials, products, chemicals) BRIC coun res OECD countries Dynamics of substance and materials flows (volume, heterogeneity, diversity, temporal and spatial dynamics)

26 International Chemicals Management SAICM Global Chemicals Outlook

27 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

28 What is The contribution of chemistry to sustainability in a sustainable manner Not a state but giving guidance Beyond optimization of individual chemical products: functionality and service Not a new discipline instead across all sub disciplines of chemistry

29 Goes Beyond Optimization of Individual Chemical Products and Processes Sustainability Sustainable Chemistry Compounds and Products Ethics Social Aspects Business Models... Green Engineering/ GreenTechnology Green Chemistry Compounds and Products Kümmerer K., Clark, J. 2015, modified

30 Why Now! Historically unique situation (window of opportunity and necessity) Chemical globalization End of the Pipe Treatment comes to it s limits Resources are running short SDGs!

31 Who Can Benefit from All stakeholders everywhere at very time: Developing and industrialized countries Chemical Science and academia Industry and manufacturers Down stream users Customers Retailers Consumers NGOs...

32 Catalysts Solvents Textiles New Business Models: Chemical Leasing and Service Cleaning of pipings Hygienic standard instead disinfectant Pest control

33 Indicators for Success of Sustainable Chemistry Increasing number of Companies applying it Number of regulations refering to it People knowing about it Countries adopting and promoting it Success stories Real sustainable chemical contributions to SDGs

34 Summary A new, timely and urgently needed overarching approach. Everybody can benefit! Of utmost importance for SDGs.

35 Summary in other words Just delivering (new) chemicals, materials and products or becoming greener will not be enoungh for a sustainable future - neither for the chemical science nor the chemical industries!