POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March Round Table on Clean Zones

Transcription

1 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones

2 Problems with PM10-pollution in European cities EU-limit value Brüssel Barce lona Berlin Dresden Frankfurt Graz Ham burg Klagenfurt Leipzig Linz Lissabon London Lyon Madrid Mannheim Milan München Rhein-Ruhr Gebiet Riga Rotterdam Stockholm Villach Wien days above 50 µg/m 3 PM 10 2

3 2005 Lacking consistency between AQ standards and vehicle emission standards vehicle emission standards & deadline for entry into service EURO 4 PF: denox: cars LDV HDV 3 years EURO 5 PF: denox: HDVs EURO 5 PF: denox: cars LDV 5 years ~5 years EURO 6 PF: denox: cars LDV PM10 NO2 PM10 ultimately PM2.5 NO2 ultimately air quality standards & deadline for attainment 3

4 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones

5 Berlin s Low Emission Zone Martin Lutz Senate Department for Health, Environment and Consumer Protection Directorate III, Environment Policy 5

6 reason for a LEZ widespread non-attainment of PM10 in Berlin 24h limit value annual limit value modelled PM10 in street canyons 450 km road sections in non- attainment affected residents 6

7 widespread non-attainment of NO2 in Berlin measured NO Luftgütemessnetz BLUME Messwerte 2003 Annual Jahresmittelwert average der of Stickstoffdioxidkonzentration NO 2 -concentration in microgramme in Mikrogramm pro per Kubikmeter cubicmeter (der(the bis 2010 EUlimit einzuhaltene value to Grenzwert be met beträgt in is µg/m³) 40 µg/m³) / Automatic ru_ka.c dr Automatische monitoring Messcontainer site in in Wohngebieten residential und areas am and Stadtrand at the cities periphery ps Automatic Automatische monitoring Messcontainer site an in verkehrsreichen busy roads at Straßen the kerbside monitoring Messstelle mit site miniaturisierten with passive Probensammlern sampling devices für verkehrsbezogende in busy roadsschadstoffe an verkehrsreichen Straßen (Rubis) violation Überschreitung of the des EU-limit EU-Grenzwertes value for für Stickstoffdioxid nitrogen dioxide (Jahresmittel (annual 40 average µg/m³) of 40 µg/m³) 7

8 Berlin s LEZ emission criteria based on national vehicle labelling scheme: 2 sticker : S - UM 43 S- - UM 43 S - UM 43 S - UM 43 minumum criteria for Diesel vehicles Euro 2, or Euro1 plus particle filter Euro 3, or Euro 2 plus particle filter Euro 4, Euro 3 plus particle filter ban for Diesel veh. older than minimum citeria for petrol cars Euro 1 with catalytic converter general exemptions for police, fire brigade, military, ambulance, etc two wheelers, mobile machinery 8

9 Berlin s LEZ emission criteria traffic restriction for polluting vehicles in the central city area stage I: 2008, Diesel vehicles need at least EURO II or Euro I & PF (cars: 100gPM/km) gasoline vehicles need a catalytic converter (~EURO I) stage II: 2010, 2 S - UM 43 4 S - UM 43 Diesel vehicles need at least EURO II/III & PF (~upgrade to Euro IV) covers basically all vehicle types no general exemptions for residents, commercial traffic around 20 LEZ planned in German cities; most start in 2008 with 2 switch to 3 S - UM 43 - some years later -3 S- UM 43 9

10 Berlin s LEZ spatial extension covers an area of 85 km 2 with 1.1 Mio inhabitants 10

11 Berlin s LEZ 0,0% environmental benefits impact of transport planning ( StEP ) and LEZ all Diesel vehicles Euro III + particle filter(pf) expected emission reduction in % of the trend scenario -10,0% -20,0% -30,0% -40,0% -50,0% -60,0% stage II NOx exhaust-pm total-pm

12 Berlin s LEZ environmental benefits 6, , No. of residents affected 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 non-attainment PM10 No. of residents affected ,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Length in km Trendscenario2010 Low emission zone Low emission zone and StEP Transport Residents on roads exceeding the annual limit value for NO2 Length of roads exceeding the annual limit value for NO2 non-attainment NO Length in km Trend scenario 2010 Low emission zone Low emission zone and StEP Transport Residents on roads exceeding the 24-hour PM10 limit value Length of roads exceeding the 24-hour PM10 limit value 12

13 LEZs in Europe There are around 50 LEZs in place or planned in the EU Sweden - 4 in operation Germany - around 20 planned The Netherlands - 10 currently planned Denmark - 5 planned, in 4 conurbations UK - London planned, further considering Norway - 3 planned Spain - 1 planned Italy - 3 in operation during winter Greece - Athens a smoke test-based scheme Are likely to follow in Eastern Europe S C adler onsultants

14 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones

15 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones Issues for the discussion.. (environmental) benefits vs. costs/constraints/caveats - of different LEZ options - in relation to other measures stakeholder involvement - accepted by public, business, commerce - supported by auto industry, retrofit manufacturers - economic incentives - proportionality of measures, excemptions Externalities - availability of retrofit devices across vehicle types - harmonisation: certification, LEZ schemes, labelling - emission standards as criteria for LEZ - Issues to be raised on EU level

16 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones Call for enhanced networking among cities CITEAIR: Common operational website LEEZEN: Low Emission Environment Zone In Europe Network City initiative: new ambitious HDV standards earlier

17 THE COMMON WEB SITE

18 Participating cities Currently 18 participating cities Berlin, Leicester, Paris, Bratislava, Prague, Bristol, Reims, Bruxelles, Rome, Coventry, Rotterdam Gdansk, Sopot, Gdynia, Clermont Zürich Tczew, Munich Long process (data ownership, data producers.)

19 Value added of CITEAIR: Conclusion A simple, comparable and up to date AQ information - from different cities across Europe - for the pollutants of main concern - inspired by EU regulations - easy to consult (international platform, common presentation) in addition to local information but not for compliance checking

20 Participating cities Possible additional cities: London, Leeds, Sheffield in UK, Cork in Ireland, Strasbourg in France, Vienna in Austria, Stuttgart in Germany Contacts with Oslo, Barcelona, Milan, and Madrid Additional city welcomed to join!

21 LEZ workshop Brussels Issues raised EU Freedom of Movement Principle means: Potential barriers to trade (eg traffic restrictions) must be equally easy for foreign vehicles, if applied to foreign vehicles Need to recognise retrofit certifications from other Member States until, and if, there is an EU-wide umbrella certification Information needs to be spread around the EU/ports etc Enforcement against foreign vehicles Often difficult to find whether meet standards, and enforcing is particularly difficult if the offence is not criminal Not enforcing foreign vehicles, or enforcing more loosely can be a political problem Sharing information Many cities going through the same processes Sharing information saves re-inventing the wheel, enable building on work & research LEEZEN: Low Emission Environment Zone In Europe Network S C adler onsultants

22 What LEEZEN could offer Joint website EU-wide information on LEZ, a one-stop-shop for vehicle operators to find out about EU LEZs A members only area for LEZ implementers to share information, research & solutions Cross-border certification Arrange interim mechanism for recognising PM-retrofit certification from other Member States, until if/when a Commission EU-wide umbrella scheme Could work on a common NOx-retrofit standard, which would be harder to combine later than for PM-retrofit schemes Enforcement Lobbying for better cross-border enforcement & compliance information Enable some cross-border information sharing on compliant vehicles S C adler onsultants

23 What LEEZEN could offer (2) Sharing information Learning from others, sharing & discussing solutions LEZ workshop/seminar twice a year with write-ups & remote involvement Share information on compliant vehicles Regular newsletters with updates on issues/developments Help ensure that the DG ENT/TREN s approach on e.g. Freedom of Movement issues are consistently and advantageously interpreted Central point for DG ENV on LEZs Information be more easily transmitted to new LEZs, rather than requiring separate approaches to existing LEZs S C adler onsultants

24 What LEEZEN could offer (3) Stronger voice Lobby for what needed to help LEZs, eg EU-wide certification, enforcement for foreign vehicles Joint LEZ-relevant consultation responses Ensure correct information on satellite navigation systems Reinforcement - help ease political pressure against LEZs Already in place & planned elsewhere Make enforcing foreign vehicles easier & more visible Produce guidance Potentially produce informal Ways to do an LEZ guidance Could be adopted by the Commission, so their guidance is in line with current practices S C adler onsultants

25 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones Advertisement for a joint city initiative for new ambitious HDV standards earlier

26 2005 new stricter standards earlier! consistency with AQ compliance needs of new CAFÉ Directive vehicle emission standards & deadline for entry into service EURO 4 PF: denox: cars LDV HDV EURO 5 PF: denox: HDVs EURO 5 PF: denox: cars LDV 3 years 3 years EURO 6 PF: denox: HDV 5 years ~5 years EURO 6 PF: denox: cars LDV PM10 NO2 PM10 ultimately PM2.5 NO2 ultimately air quality standards & deadline for attainment 26

27 new ambitious HDV standards earlier! reasons for a city initiative ambition level of Euro5/6 for cars/ldvs already decided Euro 5 requires particle trap, PM emission should drop we ll have to wait until 2015, for only Euro 6 yields sufficient NOx reduction what is left: Euro 6 for HDVs timing for proposal: envisaged for 2 nd half of 2007 demands from cities shorter time period for introduction of standard precedence: Euro 4 Euro 5 for HDVs is 3 years, I.e. by 2012 Control technology available and cost-effective common interest of manufacturers for global standards (U.S., Asia) ambitious emission standards, which require particle traps & SCR for every lorry 27

28 new ambitious HDV standards earlier! city initiative: how to proceed draft for a resolution by cities call for endorsement of the resolution by the city networks (EUROCITIES, POLIS, IMPACTS) by individual cities disseminate together with background paper to key players Commission (Verheugen, Dimas) in EP (rapporteurs, chairs of committees, etc.) in Council (ministers of MS governments) 28

29 POLIS Conference, Toulouse, March 2007 Round Table on Clean Zones Thank you for your active participation!

30 new ambitious standards earlier! proposed ELVs for Euro 6 for HDVs 0,013 Particle emission in g/kwh Euro VI: 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 0,003 g/kwh Japan 1997 Japan 2003 Euro III 2000 USA 1987 USA 2004 Japan 2005 Euro IV 2005 USA 2007 Euro V ,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 0,27 NOx emission in g/kwh proposal city initiative Euro VI: 0,5 g/kwh 30

31 Why stricter standards earlier? insufficient downward trend of pollution levels... despite decreasing NOx-emissions NOx-emissions: road transport in Germany t/a HDV Car Diesel Car Petrol Motorcycles LDV CI LDV PI BUS

32 Why stricter standards earlier? insufficient downward trend of pollution levels... Trend of Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations in Berlin Concentration [µg/m³] 2004 korr Aug NO urban traffic NO2 urban traffic sites NO2 urban backround sites NO2 sites at the city periphery limit value year 32

33 Berlin s LEZ environmental benefits exceedances of the PM10 24h-limit value impacts of various scenarios 250 affected residents residents affected by LV exceedances length of street sections in non-compliance lenght of non-attainment road sections in km Trend 2005 Trend 2010 LEZ 2010 (Euro III & PF) LEZ 2010 LEZ 2010 (EURO III + PF) (EURO IV + PF) & & "StEP" "StEP" 0 33