Università degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Energia, ingegneria dell Informazione e modelli Matematici (DEIM)
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1 Università degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Energia, ingegneria dell Informazione e modelli Matematici (DEIM) Quality assurance and support measures for Solar Cooling Template of the LCA method tool Prof. Marco Beccali
2 MAIN GOAL: TO DEVELOP A TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING AND SOLAR AIR- CONDITIONING SYSTEMS FOLLOWING A LIFE- CYCLE APPROACH Easy to update Easy-touse Applicable to different geographic contexts
3 The tool will allow to calculate: Global Warming Potential (GWP) Primary Energy Consumption (PE) Energy Payback Time (EPT) GWP Payback Time (GWP-PT) Energy Return Ratio (ERR)
4 The tool will be developed in LS format Structure of the tool: Step 1 components and energy sources check; Step 2 data input; Step 3 calculation of energy and environmental impacts; Step 4 calculation of indexes (EPT, GWP-PT, ERR).
5 First step: check of components and energy sources A list of possible components of the system and of energy sources consumed during its operation will be showed. The user will select components and energy sources that are part of the examined system.!!! Up today, not all the eco-profiles of components not available.
6 SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM SOLAR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM Is this component part of the system? COMPONENT YES NO Absorption chiller COMPONENT YES NO Solar thermal collectors Adsorption chiller Desiccant wheel Conventional chiller Heat recovery wheel Gas boiler Damper register Solar thermal collectors Humidifier
7 SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM SOLAR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM Is this energy source consumed by the system during the operation step? ENERGY SOURCE YES NO Electricity Italy Electricity Germany Natural gas ENERGY SOURCE YES NO Electricity Italy Electricity Germany Natural gas
8 Second step: data input - A list of the components selected in the previous step will be showed. - The user will insert the figures for each component/energy source. SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM COMPONENT/ENERGY SOURCE Metrics Quantity Absorption chiller kw 12 Gas boiler kw 20 Solar thermal collectors m 2 Electricity Italy kwh/year Natural gas kwh/year 35 2,434 12,794
9 Third step: calculation energy and environmental impacts i.e. Global Warming Potential calculation The tool will show: the unitary impact for each component/energy source; COMPONENT/ENERGY SOURCE Metrics Impact Absorption chiller kgco 2eq /kw Gas boiler kgco 2eq /kw Solar thermal collectors kgco 2eq /m Electricity Italy kgco 2eq /kwh Natural gas kgco 2eq /kwh 0.26
10 Third step: energy and environmental impacts calculation Global Warming Potential calculation The tool will show: the total impact for each component/energy source COMPONENT/ENERGY SOURCE Absorption chiller Gas boiler Solar thermal collectors Electricity Italy Natural gas Metrics Impact kgco 2eq 1,260 kgco 2eq 784 kgco 2eq 3,542 kgco 2eq 1,743 kgco 2eq 3,326
11 Third step: energy and environmental impacts calculation The tool will show: Global Warming Potential calculation the total impact of the examined system COMPONENT/ENERGY SOURCE Metrics Impact Absorption chiller kgco 2eq 1,260 Gas boiler kgco 2eq 784 Solar thermal collectors kgco 2eq 3,542 GWP of the innovative system (GWP innovative ) Electricity Italy kgco 2eq 1,743 Natural gas kgco 2eq 3,326 TOTAL IMPACT kgco 2eq 10,713
12 IN ADDITION: THE TOOL WILL SHOW THE IMPACTS FOR EACH LIFE-CYCLE STEP OF THE SYSTEM (PRODUCTION, OPERATION, END-OF-LIFE). PRODUCTION STEP Metrics Impact Absorption chiller kgco 2eq 1,251 Gas boiler kgco 2eq 750 Solar thermal collectors kgco 2eq 3,244 TOTAL IMPACT kgco 2eq 5,245 OPERATION STEP Metrics Impact Electricity Italy kgco 2eq 1,743 Natural gas kgco 2eq 3,326 TOTAL IMPACT kgco 2eq 5,069 END-OF-LIFE STEP Metrics Impact Absorption chiller kgco 2eq 9 Gas boiler kgco 2eq 34 Solar thermal collectors kgco 2eq 298 TOTAL IMPACT kgco 2eq 341
13 IMPACTS FOR EACH LIFE-CYCLE STEP Production step Operation step 24% 34% 62% 14% 66% Absorption chiller Gas boiler Solar thermal collectors (evacuated) Electricity Italy Natural gas End-of-life step 3% 10% Life cycle impact 3% 48% 49% 87% Absorption chiller Gas boiler Solar thermal collectors (evacuated) Production Operation End-of-life
14 IN ADDITION THE TOOL WILL CALCULATE: -The impacts of a reference system (for example: the GWP of the conventional system (GWP reference )); The input of components and energy sources will be similar to the one for innovative systems. - The net yearly impact savings due the use of the innovative system instead of the conventional one (for example: Net yearly GWP avoided emissions (GWP year )).
15 Fourth step: calculation of indicators i.e. : GWP Payback Time (GWP innovative - GWP reference ) / EM year GWP of the innovative system (except the use phase) (kgco 2eq ) GWP of the reference system (except for the use phase) (kgco 2eq ) Net yearly GWP emission savings due the use of the innovative system (kgco 2eq /year)
16 Fourth step: indices calculation GWP Payback Time (GWP innovative - GWP reference ) / EM year Value automatically inserted Value automatically inserted Value automatically inserted
17 The same calculations can be made for the other indicators Parametric/Sensitivity analyses can be done very easly (i.e. changing components sizes, energy source, country of installation)
18 !!! WARNING TO DEVELOP THE TOOL WE NEED THE ECO- PROFILE OF SOME COMPONENTS SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEM Absorption chiller (Available) Adsorption chiller (Available) Solar collectors (Available) Heat storage (Available) Cooling Tower/Heat Rejection (Available) Gas boiler (Available) Glycol (Available) Piping+insulation (Available) Pumps (Available) Conventional chiller (Available) SOLAR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM Solar thermal collectors (Available) Desiccant wheel (Not available) Housing (Not available) Heat recovery wheel (Not available) Damper register (Not available) Filter (Not available) Fan+motor (Not available) Humidifier (Not available) Switch box (Not available) Compression chiller (Not available) Gas boiler (Available)
19 A possible interaction with activity B4 regarding calculation of energy consumption figures could be discussed
20 Thank you for your attention
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