PRESENTATION OF ESPACE

Transcription

1 PRESENTATION OF ESPACE Nadine ADRA Eldie PLOCOSTE

2 Cntent General verview Prject Partners Methdlgy Fcus n Task 1 2

3 Why a LCA f PV systems? LCA : A tl t assist in decisin-making that ffers an verview f the envirnmental impacts f prducts r services. Expnential grwth f PV installatins need t prvide reliable answers t questins such as: What are the envirnmental perfrmances f PV systems? D investment incentives encurage gd envirnmental chices? What technlgies f mdules and what implementing techniques are the least penalizing? What are the mst sensitive parameters n the lifecycle f PV systems in terms f envirnmental impact? 3

4 Gals f the study T bring scientific and technical arguments n the psitining f PV in terms f envirnmental impact. T identify the main paths f imprvement fr cncerned industrials. T develp perspectives fr PV prject develpers t help them reduce the envirnmental impacts f their installatin. 4

5 PROJECT PARTNERS

6 TRANSENERGIE Funded in 1992, Prject partners A cnsultancy firm specialized in renewable energy and energy efficiency Offers its service in France and all arund the wrld 6

7 Prject partners TRANSENERGIE ACTIVITIES: ON-GRID PV OFF-GRID PV ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS HYBRID SYSTEMS FEASIBILITY STUDIES TECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS AUDITS TRAINING SOLAR THERMAL (WATER HEATING) Rles in ESPACE: Expertise in PV, management f the prject 7

8 ARMINES Prject partners The Energy Centre was created at the end f Activities: scientific-riented research, technlgical studies, ecnmical wrks, may be gruped in 3 sectins: Methdlgical studies and mdelling Technlgical innvatins General studies n energy and envirnment Rles in ESPACE: Expertise in LCA, carbn ftprint, assessment f slar ressurces 8

9 Prject partners SETE-MIP Envirnnement Funded in 2006 Activities: Life Cycle Analysis and Ecdesign activities t industries, fr assistance t decisin-making in industrial strategy: Investment regulatry cnstraints and R&D mre envirnment-friendly prduct cnceptin and service Rles in ESPACE: Expertise in LCA, training f the partners 9

10 PHK Cnsultants Created in 1984 Prject partners Cnsultancy service fr business innvatin and develpment Activities: technical and cmmercial fields in supprt f develpment prjects, with cst and perfrmance ptimizatin, fr all types f ecnmical sectrs and custmers, in France and abrad. Rles in ESPACE: Relatinship with manufacturers, disseminatin f results within internatinal wrking grups 10

11 Prject Financing ADEME ESPACE is partly financed by ADEME, the French Envirnment and Energy Management Agency. 11

12 METHODOLOGY

13 Methdlgy Task 1: Definitin f bjectives, review f bibligraphy and implementatin f the LCA analysis T identify the different cmpnents f a netwrk-cnnected phtvltaic installatin that will be the fcus f the LCA. T present the different manufacturing prcesses inherent t phtvltaic systems. 13

14 Methdlgy Task 2: Cnstructin f a life cycle inventry Inventry has been built based n data cming frm industries and the EcInvent database. These data are related t the prductin, installatin, maintenance and end f life f phtvltaic systems. 14

15 Methdlgy Task 3: Impact assessment Impacts assessment methd: the latest available versin f the IMPACT ensure the quality f assessment We have assessed impacts in cnsumptin f energy resurces, n: the climate change human health ecsystems 15

16 Methdlgy Task 4: Results and analysis Results shuld cntribute t assess the envirnmental impacts f the different alternatives, and frm this pint f view identify the main lines f imprvements fr cncerned industrials and arguments t take int accunt by prject develpers. 16

17 FOCUS ON TASK 1

18 Task 1: Scpe f the study A PV market study allws us t Draw up a panrama f the PV systems currently available in France Take int accunt French specificities in cmparisn t Eurpean data (French prductin f silicn and mdules, r imprtatin) Chse the different technlgies f mdules t study 18

19 Task 1: Scpe f the study Different technlgies f PV mdules ESPACE 1 (2008) ESPACE 2 (2009) Mncrystalline Si Plycrystalline Si Amrphus Si CIS CdTe 19

20 Task 1: Scpe f the study Different stages f PV mdules prductin Purified Silicn Ingt Wafer Cell Mdule Systems Chemical purificatin prcess Casting Sawing Surface treatment Laminatin Manufacturing prcesses f c-si 20

21 Task 1: Scpe f the study Different techniques f prductin per stages 21

22 Task 1: Scpe f the study Frnt Cntact Substrate Active layer Back cntact Current flw Mnlithic intercnnectin f thin film mdule 22

23 Task 1: Scpe f the study Different types f installatins (integrated r munted systems) Open rack cnstructin n a flat rf Ballasted pts (Tenesl) Rf integratin (BIPV) (Phtwatt) 23

24 Task 1: Scpe f the study Dispsal prcesses applied at the system s end f life: Few data available n recycling Recycling prcess at the state f pilt, patent r lab tests Ways f develpment: Design mdules t facilitate the recycling Experiment large scale recycling prcess 24

25 Task 1: Scpe f the study Dispsal prcesses applied at the system s end f life: c-si mdules Actr Prcess State f develpment PV Technlgy Deutsch Slar AG Thermal separatin + chemical prcess Pilt Prductin crystalline, thin film in labs First Slar (Slar cells), BNL Thermal Decmpsitin within inert gas Lab crystalline Isftn Cell recycling (milling) Lab crystalline AIST, Sharp, Asahi wafer recycling (chemical treatment) Lab crystalline Phtvltech «repairable mdule» Lab crystalline BP Slar, Sltech, Seghers wafer recycling (chemical treatment) Lab crystalline Pilkingtn thermal separatin Lab crystalline Siemens Slar, Shell Slar, Shwa Shell High pressure water jet Lab crystalline, thin film Diverse recycling handlers Frame disassembly, cables, incineratin prductin 25

26 Task 1: Scpe f the study Deutsch Slar Prcess, c-si mdule Whle Mdule Thermal Prcess Silicn plate Glass Metal Gas Brken plates Chemical Prcess Silicn Re-melting Prductin f new cells 26

27 Task 1: Scpe f the study Dispsal prcesses applied at the system s end f life: thin film mdules Actr Prcess State f develpment Slar Cells Inc. CdTe: cmminutin, chemical disslutin, separatin pilt(mbile installatin) Antec Slar Gmbh CdTe: cmminutin, thermal treatment patent Shwa Shell CIGS: thermal separatin/ mecanic f rlls, treatment with acid, scraping f CIGS, treatment f slutins labratry Interphases Research CIGS: electrchemical treatment f recycling f CIGS labratry Drinkard Metalx Inc. CdTe and CIGS: recvering metals by electrlysis pilt Uni Utrecht a-si: recvering substrate Experiment(1995) Federal Institute fr Materials research and testing Thin films: mecanical treatment prject RESOLVED, labratry(nging) ZSW, Gaiker, FhG CIGS and a-si: thermal treatment and hydrmetallurgy prject SENSE, Labratry(2006) First Slar CdTe: milling, chemical disslutin, separatin liquid/slid, metals recvery Industrial prcess running since 1998 Brkhaven natinal labs. Recvery f Cd and Te frm mdules Labratry Electrtechnical Lab Tsukuba Disslutin f EVA within trichlrethylene, wafer recvery Labratry Ta Kagaku Kgy and AIST Etching f EVA by«bubbling» with a limnene slutin(lemn) Labratry 27

28 Task 1: Scpe f the study Dispsal prcesses applied at the system s end f life: Eurpean Organizatin PV CYCLE was funded in July 2007 Objective: t create and implement a vluntary industry take back and recycling prgramme fr PV mdules: Reduce the vlume f PV waste Increase the re-use f valuable resurces (glass, silicn ) Reduce the life cycle energy cnsumptin and the envirnmental impact f PV systems 28

29 Task 1: Scpe f the study Dispsal prcesses applied at the system s end f life: Eurpean Organizatin PV CYCLE 29

30 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION