Owasco Lake Water Quality Issues: My 2011 Update Owasco Lake Day

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1 Owasco Lake Water Quality Issues: My Update Owasco Lake Day Lake Winnipesaukee John D Halfman Environmental Studies Program Department of Geoscience Finger Lakes Institute Review: Data Water Quality & Its Protection Water Quality Protection Best Legislation Worst Best Finger Lake Water Quality Bacteria (Total Coliform & E. coli) Algae (Chlorophyll-a) Nutrients (Phosphates, Nitrates) Suspended Sediments (TSS) Water Clarity (Secchi disk) Water Quality Bush,, Undergraduate Honors Thesis Worst Honeoye Canandaigua Keuka Seneca Cayuga Owasco Skaneateles (ug/l, P) (ug/l, P) Owasco Lake Phosphates (TP) 7 A A B B 9 B C B D CC CC B C B D E CC CC CC3 CC E CC3 CC Emerson Foundation Funds 7 NYS Funds Senator Nozzolio & 7 Stream Data Reduction of runoff 7 Reduction of all sources Owasco Lake Day Talk, -7-

2 Water Quality Concerns Runoff Human Wastes Municipal Wastewater On-Site Septic Systems Animal Agriculture CAFO Operations Steroids & Antibiotics Animal Waste Plant Agriculture Fertilizers, Pesticides Soil Erosion Streams, Rain Dissolved Nutrients Bacterial Decomposition Dead Organics Ecological Health? Nutrient Cycle Sediments Plankton Outlet Fish (Lake Trout) & Other Organisms Agricultural Fertilizers Animal Feedlots Wastewater Nutrients On-Site Systems Human Impact: Nutrient Cycle Funding Streams, Rain Dissolved Nutrients Bacterial Decomposition CAFO, Human & Soil Particle Organic Matter Eutrophication Anoxia? Dead Organics Sediments Plankton Outlet Algae Scum Weeds Fish (Lake Trout) & Other Organisms Bottom Up Approach Watershed Monitoring Lake, Brook & Owasco Inlet Cayuga County Legislator Peter Tortorici - Chairman Detailed Analysis of Brook Owasco Watershed Lake Association Charlie Green President Underwritten by Local Foundations Both due to the Persistence of Dr. Joe Wasileski 3 water samples/day Hourly Readings Stage, Conductivity, Temperature Owasco Lake Day Talk, -7-

3 The Plan: Lake Results: Water Column Lake Sites & Compare to past Watershed Two Tributaries Brook Owasco Inlet Nutrients Locate Source(s) Timing of Delivery Events Seasonal Loading Lake Results: Secchi Depths and Suspended Sediment Averaged Secchi Depths Stream Results: Flow and Suspended Sediments Stream Discharge Annual Average Depth (m) // // // /7/ /3/ // // 7// Daily Average Surface TSS (mg/l) Averaged Total Suspended Solids Daily Average 7 9 // // // /7/ /3/ // // 7// Discharge (m 3 /s) * *estimated spring flood data TSS (mg/l) 3 Total Suspended Solids Annual Average Concentration 7 9 Owasco Lake Day Talk, -7-3

4 Stream Results: Nutrient Flux Phosphate (SRP, kg/day, P) Dissolved Phosphate 7 9 Phosphate (TP, kg/day, P) Nutrient Sources: Many Upstream Sites Dissolved Phosphate Annual Average Concentration Annual Average Concentration TSS (kg/day) 7 3 Total Suspended Solids 7 9 Nitrate (kg/day, N) 3 Nitrate 7 9 SRP (ug/l, P) 3 3 Dutch Barski Trib Barski Rd North South Benson B. Trib Old State Inlet Mill Cr Aurora Fillmore VWF Rounds Ln Suckerport Hemlock County TP (ug/l, P) 3 3 Dutch Barski Trib Barski Rd North South Benson B. Trib Old State Inlet Mill Cr Aurora Fillmore VWF Rounds Ln Suckerport Hemlock County 7 County Line increase > ppb TP & P Finger Lake Ranks Water Quality Protect Legislation PLUS Runoff Agricultural Landscape Water Quality Relative Rank (3 Max) Best <====> Worst Honoeye Canandiagua Six Years of Ranking Keuka Seneca Cayuga Owasco Skaneateles Otisco 7 9 Mean Water Quality Rank Agricultural Land Exclude Honeoye R =.9 All R =. 3 Agricultural Land Use (%) Honeoye Canandaigua Keuka Seneca Cayuga Owasco Skaneateles Otisco Linear ( ) Linear ( ) Owasco Lake Day Talk, -7-

5 9 7 3 Measured vs USGS y =.93x R = USGS Other Possibilities Detailed Efforts: Runoff Induced Loading TSS (mg/l) Total Suspended Solids Autosampler ( hr samples) / / / / / 7/ 7/ 7/ 7/ 7/ 7/ Date () TSS (mg/l) R D -Sampler s Autosampler ( hr samples) Dissolved Phosphates Autosampler ( hr samples) Zebra & Quagga Mussels Remove Algae Asian Clams, Add P? Cercopagis pengoi Carnivorous Zooplankton TP (ug/l, P) 3 SRP (ug/l, P) 3 Spiny Water Flea Top Down Approach / / / / / 7/ 7/ 7/ Date () (µg/l, TP) 7/ 7/ 7/ / / / / / 7/ 7/ 7/ Date () Phosphate SRP (ppb or ug/l, P) 7/ 7/ 7/ Flow Owasco Inlet Flow USGS Data Brook - Rt 3A Site - Data Loggers Stream Comparison /3 /3 /3 /3 /3 /3 / / / 7/ 7/ 7/ /3 /3 /3 /3 /3 /3 / / / 7/ 7/ 7/ Owasco Inlet Disharge (m3/s) Sample Date DH Data Logger Sample Dates Owasco Inlet Flow Detailed Samples Measured Detailed R D Samples Owasco Lake Day Talk, -7-

6 Owasco Inlet: Past Three Years Mean Daily Discharge (m3/s) 3 Owasco Inlet Flow, Day of the Year 9 Stage Owasco Recommendations Watershed Protection Legislation Owasco Inlet Floodplain Remove Channelization Agricultural BMPs Contour Plowing, Buffer Strips, Minimum Tillage Agricultural Environmental Management Watershed Inspector Inspects Onsite & Municipal WW Facilities CAFO Manure Storage, Disposal & Spills Information about BMPs Education, esp. K-K Educate People so they Care! Monitoring Nutrient Fluxes: R D,, Stage & Flow & Owasco Inlet New Threats Marcellus Shale Drilling Marcellus Shale Threats? Research Team Questions? John Halfman, HWS halfman@hws.edu Owasco Lake Day Talk, -7-

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