Seneca Lake is Changing Seneca Lake Pure Waters Association. An Update on Chemicals, Algae, and Weeds in the Lake. Seneca Watershed Characterization

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1 Seneca Lake is Changing Seneca Lake Pure Waters Association An Update on Chemicals, Algae, and Weeds in the Lake Seneca Watershed Characterization John D Halfman Chair, Environmental Studies Program Department of Geoscience Finger Lakes Institute Endowed Chair in Environmental Studies Limnology & Stream Hydrogeochemistry Survey 4 Lake Sites & Buoy Weekly CTD Profiles Secchi Depths Water Samples Chlorophyll Nutrients (NO 3, TP, SRP) Turbidity, Major Ions Occasionally 9 Sites 5-6 Stream Sites Weekly Discharge Water Samples Nutrients (NO 3, TP, SRP) Turbidity, Major Ions Occasionally 2 Sites See Movie SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 1

2 Lake CTD Data Temperature Specific Conductance, Salinity Dissolved Oxygen PAR, Available Light Photosynthesis Fluorescence, Algal Concentrations Turbidity Seasonal & Shorter Changes: Seneca Lake Buoy Data SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 2

3 Buoy Data Lakes Change Response to Weather Seneca Lake Salinity 1 Sodium Finger Lakes Sodium (ppm) Cathy Caiazza (WS 5) Finger Lakes Seneca Lake Canandaigua Cayuga Conesus Hemlock Honeoye Keuka Otisco Owasco Skeneateles Seneca SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 3

4 Extra Source: Sodium Ions: Mass balance data Rain ~ ppm Dilutes Ions in Lake Evaporation ~ ppm Concentrates Ions Streams 2 ppm 15, mt/yr Road Salt Seneca Lake 8 ppm (~1.2 million tons) Outlet 8 ppm 6, mt/yr Industry? Groundwater / Rock Salt Bedrock? 4 to 45, mt/yr Sodium (~45 railroad cars) plus 6 to 7, mt/yr Chloride (~68 railroad cars) Century Scale Changes Seneca Lake Chloride, ppm Jolly Halfman Others Cayuga, Skaneateles & Hemlock Glen Jolly, USGS Year Chloride (ppm) Cayuga Skaneateles Hemlock Glen Jolly, USGS Year SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 4

5 Algae & Water Clarity Secchi Depth (m) Zebras Secchi Depths Annual Average Nutrient Loading Chlorophyll-a (ug/l) Chlorophyll-a Annual Average Secchi Disc Depth (m) M A M Ju Jul A Se O No De Surface Bottom Early 8 Spring Late 32 Fall35 Day of the Year (All Years) Zebra / Quagga Mussels Nutrient Loading SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 5

6 Declining Zebra & Quagga Mussels? Zebra & Quagga Mussels Zebra Quagga Density Density (Individuals/m 2 ) 1, 2, 3, 4, 2 4 Mussel Density (Ind/m 2 ) 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Zebras Quaggas % Zerbas Unpublished data from Halfman (, 1, 3), Dittman ( 1, 11), Shelley ( 2), Zhu ( 7) Water Depth (m) Zebra Mussel Percentage (%) Mussel density (#/m^2) Zebras 211 Quaggas 27 Zebras 27 Quaggas 22 Zebras 22 Quagga 21 Zebras 21 Quaggas Zebra & Quaggas 3-13 m Quagga Zebras Seneca Streams: Nutrient Loading SRP (ug/l, P) Seneca Lake Urban/Agriculture Castle Dissolved Phosphate Average Annual Concentration Agriculture Wilson Agriculture Kashong Keuka Outlet Plum Pt. Wastewater Treatment Big Stream 118, 197, 145, 12, 12, 116, 298 Catharine CAFO/Depot Reeder Kendig SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 6

7 Phosphorus Budget Seneca Surplus 45 mt/yr Sources Streams 4 mtons/yr Atmosphere 1 mtons/yr Municipal WWTF 2.5 mtons/yr Septic Systems 5 mtons/yr Lawn Care? Sinks Outlet 8 mtons/yr Sediment 1.5 mtons/yr Nutrient Delivery Owasco TSS (mg/l) Total Suspended Solids Autosampler (8 hr samples) 6/6 6/16 6/26 7/6 7/16 7/26 8/5 8/15 8/25 9/4 9/14 9/24 1/4 1/14 1/24 Date (211) TP (ug/l, P) TSS (mg/l) Stage (cm) Precipitation (mm) 6/6 Total Phosphate (µg/l, TP) Stage (cm) Precipitation (mm) Stage (cm) 6/26 Total Phosphates Autosampler (8 hr samples) 7/16 8/5 8/25 Date (211) 9/14 1/4 1/ Stage (cm) Dutch Hollow Autosampler 3 Water Samples/Day Dutch Hollow Hourly Readings Stage, Cond., Temperature SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 7

8 Finger Lakes Water Quality Average Ranking Eutrophic Water Quality Rank Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Mean Rank vs. Agricultural Land Use Honoeye Canandiagua Keuka Seneca Cayuga Owasco Skaneateles Mean Water Quality Rank Otisco Honeoye Excluded Skaneateles Canandiagua Keuka Seneca Owasco Cayuga R 2 =.9 Agricultural Land Use (%) Top Down Ecological Stress Meghan Brown, HWS Herbaceous Zooplankton Hemimysis anomala bloody red shrimp Cercopagis pengoi Carnivorous Zooplankton Fishhook Water Flea SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 8

9 Other Benthic Organisms Dawn Dittman, USGS Benthic Organisms Densities (Ind/m 2 ) Diporeia 211 Diporeia 21 Clams 211 Clams 21 Midges 211 Midges 21 Worms 211 Worms Water Depth (m) D. Dittman, unpublished Data Bottom Up, Zebra/Quagga Mussel and Top Down Stressors SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 9

10 Stream Macroinvertebrates Susan Cushman, HWS Biotic Index Values < 4.5 No Impact Values > 5.5 Moderate Impact Increased Impairment Percent Modal Affinity Water Quality Index Values > 65 No Impact Values 35 to 65 Slight Impact Values < 35 Severe Impact Increased Impairment Preliminary Fish in Streams Susan Cushman, HWS Fish Species Richness Fish Abundance SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 1

11 Preliminary Mercury in Fish Lisa Cleckner, HWS Historical Data Older (6yr) L Trout Avg: 4 ng/g Max: 578 ng/g Analyses on Blacknose dace (Lisa Cleckner). Action Level by FDA 1, ng/g, EPA screening value 3 ng/g (methyl Hg) No more than one meal of fish from Finger Lakes per week Historical Data & Box Cores Meghan Brown & Tara Curtin, HWS Secchi Depth (m) Chlorophyll-a (ug/l) Historical Limnological Data Historical Secchi & Chlorophyll Data Year Secchi Depth Chlorophyll-a Box Core Record SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 11

12 Total Mercury in Box Cores Tara Curtin, HWS Seneca Lake Total Mercury in Box Cores Tara Curtin, HWS SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 12

13 Local Pollution Sources 1999 State of the Lake Report Agriculture Chemical Bulk Storage Forestry & Forestry Practices Landfills, Dumps & Hazardous Waste Sites Mined Lands Petroleum Bulk Storage Roadbank Erosion Salt Storage & Deicing Materials Shore Residences Environmental Health SPDES Permits Spills Streambank Erosion Not duplicated in the 212 Characterization What Else is Missing? Data Gaps? Lets list every gap in scientific database Heavy metals Hormones, Estrogen Prescription Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Caffeine SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 13

14 Watershed Plan What should it contain? Inter-municipal Agreement??? 211 Research Team Questions? John Halfman, HWS SLPWA Presentation - 3/15/212 14

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