Owasco Lake: The 2010 Update Owasco Lake Watershed Association August 4 th, 2010, Meeting Data Water Quality & Its Protection
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1 Lake: The Update Lake Watershed Association August th,, Meeting John D Halfman Environmental Studies Program Department of Geoscience Finger Lakes Institute Data Water Quality Its Protection Water Quality Protection Best Legislation Worst Best Finger Lake Water Quality Bacteria (Total Coliform E. coli) Algae (Chlorophyll-a) Nutrients (Phosphates, Nitrates) Suspended Sediments (TSS) Water Clarity (Secchi disk) Water Quality Bush,, Undergraduate Honors Thesis Worst Total Phosphate (ug/l, P) Total Phosphate (ug/l, P) Lake Phosphates (TP) 7 A A B B Total Phosphate Annual Averages 9 8 B C B D CC CC Total Phosphate Annual Averages B C B D E CC CC CC3 CC E CC3 CC Emerson Foundation Funds 7 NYS Funds Senator Nozzolio 7 Stream Data Groton Reduction of runoff Reduction of all sources Groton 7 OLWA Meeting 8--
2 Water Quality Concerns Runoff from: Human Wastes Municipal Wastewater On-Site Septic Systems Lawn Care Products Fertilizers, Herbicides/Pesticides Animal Agriculture CAFO Operations Steroids Antibiotics Animal Waste Plant Agriculture Fertilizers, Herbicides/Pesticides Soil Erosion Streams, Rain Dissolved Nutrients Bacterial Decomposition Dead Organics Ecological Health? Nutrient Cycle Sediments Plankton Outlet Fish (Lake Trout) Other Organisms Agricultural Fertilizers Animal Feedlots Wastewater Nutrients On-Site Systems Streams, Rain Dissolved Nutrients Bacterial Decomposition CAFO, Human Soil Particle Organic Matter Eutrophication Anoxia? Dead Organics Sediments Human Impact: Nutrient Cycle Plankton Outlet Algae Scum Weeds Fish (Lake Trout) Other Organisms Bottom Up Approach to 9 Data Annual Mean Secchi Disk Depth Shallower Depths (more turbid) in 9 Aveage Secchi Depth (m) Mean Secchi Disk Depths OLWA Meeting 8--
3 Which is the Largest Finger Lake? Canadice Conesus Hemlock to 9 Data Annual Mean Chlorophyll Data More algae in 9 surface water Average Chlorophyll-a (ug/l - 9 Mean Chlorophyll-a 3 Surface Surface 7 Surface 8 Surface 9 Surface Bottom Bottom 7 Bottom 8 Bottom 9 Bottom Depth (m) Add Lake Data 3 Secchi Depths (m) //9 /3/9 7//9 7/9/ Annual Average? Daily Average Beware: Data Incomplete 7/9/ sampling - plea from Dr. Joe Surface Chlorophyll-a (ug/l) 3 Chlorophyll Annual Average 7 8 9? Daily Average //9 /3/9 7//9 9 CTD Data Lake Lake OLWA Meeting 8-- 3
4 9 CTD Data Lake Lake Annual Water Quality Rank Rank got WORSE in 9 Water Quality Relative Rank (37 Max) Best <====> Worst 8 8 Honoeye Canandiagua Five Years of Ranking Algae (Chlorophyll-a) Nutrients (Phosphates, Nitrates) Suspended Sediments (TSS) Water Clarity (Secchi disk) Runoff Agricultural Landscape Annual Precipitation Five Years of Ranking 8 Agricultural Land Rank (37 Max) Mean Water Quality Rank All R =. Exclude R =.98 Honoeye Canandiagua Agricultural Land Use (%) Linear ( ) Linear ( ) Work in progress OLWA Meeting 8--
5 Other Possibilities Top-Down Approach Zebra Quagga Mussels Impact on Algae Plankton Dissolved Nutrients Zebra Quagga Mussels Decrease Algae (Clear) Spiny Water Flea Increase Algae (Bloom) Cercopagis pengoi Carnivorous Zooplankton Bacterial Decomposition Zebra Quaggas Fish (Lake Trout) Other Organisms Dead Organics Pre-Zebras Chlorophyll Post Zebras Nutrient Data Death st Wave Cercopagis (spiny hook water flea) Cercopagis Impact on Algae Dissolved Nutrients Algae (phytoplankton) Zooplankton Plankton Recent 9 Stream Data Rain Runoff Impact All Land Use Young s Creek Flux Largest Watersheds TP Flux (kg/day, P) //9 Total Phosphate Flux /7/9 // // /8/ rain Dutch Hollow Benson Young's Upstream Inlet (Moravia) Fays Venes s Bacterial Decomposition Dead Organics Chlorophyll Nutrient Data Cercopagis Fish (Lake Trout) Other Organisms Pre-Cercopagis Post Cercopagis TP (ug/l, P) 3 9//9 Total Phosphate Concentration /7/9 // // /8/ rain Dutch Hollow Benson Young's Upstream Inlet (Moravia) Fays Veness Support from (Dr Joe) OWLers Town of Fleming OLWA Meeting 8--
6 TSS (mg/l) More 9- Stream Data Rain Runoff Impact All Land Use Young s Creek Flux Largest Watersheds 8 Total Suspended Solids Concentration 9//9 /7/9 // // TSS Flux (kg/day) /8/ rain 3 3 9//9 Dutch Hollow Benson Young's Upstream Inlet (Moravia) Fays Venes s Total Suspended Solids Flux /7/9 // // /8/ rain Dutch Hollow Benson Young's Upstream Inlet (Moravia) Fays Veness Recommendations Watershed Protection Legislation Inlet Floodplain Remove Channelization Agricultural BMPs Contour Plowing, Buffer Strips, Minimum Tillage Agricultural Environmental Management (AEMs( AEMs) Watershed Inspector Inspects Onsite Municipal Facilities CAFO Manure Storage, Disposal Spills Information about BMPs Education, esp. K-K Educate People so they Care! Monitoring Water Quality Status Land Use and Nutrient Runoff Connection New Threats Marcellus Shale Drilling Future Monitoring: Beyond Marcellus Shale?? Lake Research Lakes Sites,, A-EA Focused Summer Months Stream Research Streams Inlet Site(s) Dutch Hollow Site(s) Others? Event (Rain) vs. Base Flow Seasonal Differences If Funding Available! Significant Effort by Dr. Joe OLWA Meeting 8--
7 Chloride Sodium Mystery Sodium (ppm) 8 Cathy Caiazza (WS ) Duke U. PhD Program Sodium Finger Lakes Finger Lakes Conesus Hemlock Skeneateles Sodium (ppm) Sodium Input (Streams) Sodium 8 Lake Watershed Streams Big Stream Kashong Kendig Outlet Plum Point Reeder Creek Wilson Another Source? Salt Mining Activities Salt Mines Central New York Importance Dump,3 metric tonnes Sodium / day into Lake Impact on Lake Salt Concentration Road Salt Increase Concentration Most Lakes to ppm Lake at 8 ppm Source: Chloride Sodium Ions Geochemical Approach Streams ppm, mt/yr Road Salt Rain ~ ppm Evaporation ~ ppm Dilutes Concentrates Ions in Lake Ions in Lake Lake 8 ppm Industry? Groundwater / Rock Salt Bedrock? to, mt/yr Outlet 8 ppm, mt/yr OLWA Meeting 8-- 7
8 Finger Lake Bedrock Basin Depths Bedrock X-Section South Marcellus Shale Threats? Research Team Questions? John Halfman, HWS OLWA Meeting 8-- 8
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