Resources and Land Use

Transcription

1 Section 3 Prepare to Read Objectives In this section you will 1. Learn about the major resources of the United States. 2. Find out about the major resources of Canada. Taking Notes As you read the section, look for details about the resources of the United States and Canada. Copy the table below and write each detail under the correct subject heading. Resource Farmland Water Energy and minerals Forests United States Resources and Land Use Canada Surrounded by majestic redwood forests, Carlotta, California, has little more than a gas station and a general store. Yet on one day in September 1996, police arrested more than 1,000 people there. Was Carlotta filled with outlaws like some old Wild West town? No, but it was the scene of a showdown. A logging company wanted to cut down some of the oldest redwood trees in the world. Protesters wanted to preserve the forest and the animals that live there. Both sides believed in the importance of natural resources. But they disagreed strongly about how to use them. As in Carlotta, people all over North America use their natural resources for recreation, industry, and energy. Redwood National Park, California Target Reading Skill Preview and Ask Questions Ask students to focus on the Target Reading Skill. Tell them that they can preview a section to see what they will learn about and create questions that will help them remember important information. Model previewing and asking questions using page 26. Have students read the page heading and identify what the map shows Target Reading Skill Preview and Ask Questions Before you read this section, preview the headings and photographs to see what the section is about. Write one or two questions that will help you understand or remember something important in the section. Then read to answer your questions. Key Terms alluvial soil (uh LOO vee ul soyl) n. fertile topsoil left by a river, especially after a flood agribusiness (AG ruh biz niz) n. a large company that runs huge farms hydroelectricity (hy droh ee lek TRIH suh tee) n. electric power produced by moving water fossil fuel (FAHS ul FYOO ul) n. a fuel formed over millions of years from animal and plant remains Chapter 1 Section 3 25 to preview the page. Tell them they can use this information to write a question such as, What are the major resources of the United States? Have students read the subsection, and then reinforce the skill by modeling the answer to the questions. Give students Preview and Ask Questions. Have them complete the activity in groups. Teaching Resources, Preview and Ask Questions, p Step-by-Step Instruction Section Objectives Social Studies 1. Learn about the major resources of the United States. 2. Find out about the major resources of Canada. Reading/Language Arts Learn how to preview and ask questions to see what a reading selection is about. Prepare to Read Build Background Knowledge Tell students that in this section they will learn about the natural resources that are available in the. Have students preview the headings and visuals in the section with the following question in mind: How are the resources of the similar? Use the Idea Wave participation strategy (TE, p. T35) to solicit answers. Set a Purpose for Reading Preview the Objectives. Read each statement in the Reading Readiness Guide aloud. Ask students to mark the statements true or false. Have students discuss the statements in pairs or groups of four, then mark their worksheets again. Use the Numbered Heads participation strategy (TE, p. T36) to call on students to share their group s perspectives. Teaching Resources, Reading Readiness Guide, p. 107 Vocabulary Builder Preview Key Terms Pronounce each Key Term, then ask the students to say the word with you. Provide a simple explanation such as, Hydroelectricity comes from dams built on rivers. Hoover Dam in the Colorado River supplies much of the electric power for portions of the United States and Canada. Chapter 1 Section 3 25

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3 Water Water is a vital resource. People need water to drink and to grow crops. Factories rely on water for many industrial processes, including cooling machinery. Both industry and farmers use rivers to transport goods. The Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri rivers are important shipping routes. Water is used for other purposes, too. Dams along many rivers produce hydroelectricity (hy droh ee lek TRIH suh tee), or electric power generated by moving water. The Grand Coulee (KOO lee) Dam on the Columbia River in the state of Washington produces more hydroelectricity than any other dam in the United States. Forests People have claimed that before Europeans arrived, a squirrel could leap from one tree to another all the way from the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi River. That is no longer true, but America s forests are still an important resource. Large forests extend across the Pacific Northwest, the South, the Appalachians, and areas around the Great Lakes. They produce lumber, wood pulp for paper, and fine wood for furniture. Energy and Mineral Resources The United States produces and consumes more fossil fuels than any other country. Fossil fuels are sources of energy that formed from animal and plant remains. Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are all fossil fuels. Although the United States imports most of its oil from other countries, the biggest oil reserves in North America are along the northern coast of Alaska. A pipeline carries oil from the wells in Prudhoe Bay to the port of Valdez in the south. From here, giant tankers carry the oil away to be refined. An irrigation system watering several fields on a California farm Guided Instruction (continued) Direct students attention to the map on page 26, and ask them to identify the major products and resources of Alaska. (petroleum and coal) Ask students to list the United States energy and mineral resources. (Energy resources petroleum, natural gas, coal, oil; mineral resources copper, gold, iron ore, lead) The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Workers prepare a section of the 800-mile (1,280-kilometer) pipeline for welding. Identify Effects How did the construction of the Trans- Alaska Pipeline produce growth for both the population and the economy of Alaska? Chapter 1 Section 3 27 Skills Mini Lesson Making Generalizations 1. Teach the skill by explaining to students that a generalization is a conclusion drawn from specific facts and applied to a broader situation. 2. Have students practice the skill by reading the text under the heading Water on this page. Point out that the first sentence is a generalization. Then point out that the facts in the rest of the paragraph and in the next paragraph support this generalization. 3. Have students apply the skill by reading the text under the heading Energy and Mineral Resources. Have them make a generalization based on what they read. Then have them write down the sentences from the reading that support their generalizations. Answer Identify Effects Workers needed to build and maintain the pipeline may have increased the population of Alaska. The pipeline brings both income and jobs to Alaska, which aids the economy. Chapter 1 Section 3 27

4 Independent Practice Have students create the Taking Notes graphic organizer on a blank piece of paper and ask them to record details about the resources of the United States. Model how to choose details by selecting one detail and recording it in the correct column. Monitor Progress As students fill in the graphic organizer, circulate and make sure students are choosing the correct details. Help students as needed. Target Reading Skill Preview and Ask Questions As a follow up, ask students to perform the Target Reading Skill activity in the student edition. (Students should ask a question that reflects important information from the paragraph, such as Why is coal a useful natural resource? ) Preview and Ask Questions Ask yourself a question about the paragraph at the right. Natural Gas Natural gas is a mixture of gases found beneath Earth s surface. To be usable, natural gas must be processed after it is removed from the ground. Its major use is as a fuel. Natural gas heats many homes in the United States. Large gas fields can be found in the Texas Panhandle, Louisiana, and Alaska. Natural gas can be transported by pipeline or in specially designed tanker ships. Coal Coal is another important fossil fuel. Many power plants burn coal to produce electricity. It is also used to produce steel, as well as to heat and power industrial facilities. The United States has about 2,500 coal mines, totaling nearly 25 percent of the world s coal reserves. Over the past 30 years, modern mining equipment has nearly tripled the productivity of these mines. Wyoming, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania are the main coal-producing states in the country. Mining In addition, the United States has valuable deposits of copper, gold, iron ore, and lead. Mining accounts for a small percentage of the country s economy and employs less than one percent of its workers. But these minerals are very important to other industries and have fueled industrial expansion. Why is water an important natural resource? Mining Machinery A coal miner uses a mining machine to dig into the face of a coal deposit. Analyze Why is coal such an important resource in the United States? 28 Answers Water is an important natural resource because it is needed to drink, grow crops, cool moving parts in industrial processes, and transport goods by ship. Analyze Energy gained from coal supports industry in the United States. 28 For Gifted and Talented L3 Have students conduct Internet or library research to find out the major exports of the United States. Then have them look at the map on page 26 to find out which states produce these products or resources related to the products. Have them create a table showing their findings. For Less Proficient Readers Have students complete the Reading a Natural Resources Map activity to help them read the map on page 26. Teaching Resources, Reading a Natural Resources Map, p. 121 L1

5 Resources of Canada Resources of Canada Canada s first European settlers earned their living as fur trappers, loggers, fishers, and farmers. Today, the economic picture has changed. Less than five percent of Canada s workers earn their living in these ways. Farmland Less than 10 percent of Canada s land is suitable for farming. Most is located in the Prairie Provinces. This region produces most of Canada s wheat and beef. The St. Lawrence Lowlands are another major agricultural region. This area produces grains, milk, vegetables, and fruits. 18% United States Water Canada has more lakes than any other country in the world. About nine percent of the world s fresh water is in Canada. Before the first railroads were built in the 1800s, the only way to reach some parts of the country was by water. Today, the St. Lawrence and Mackenzie rivers serve as important shipping routes. Minerals and Energy Resources The Canadian Shield contains much of Canada s mineral wealth. Most of the nation s iron ore comes from mines near the Quebec-Newfoundland border. The region also has large deposits of gold, silver, zinc, copper, and uranium. The Prairie Provinces, particularly Alberta, have large oil and natural gas deposits. Canada harnesses the rivers of Quebec Province to make hydroelectricity. These rivers generate enough hydroelectric power that some of it can be sold to the northeastern United States. 7% 1% Electric Power 74% 61% Fossil Fuels Hydroelectricity SOURCE: DK World Desk Reference Billion Kilowatt-Hours Imports Trade Sources Exports Canada 12% Nuclear Other Chart Skills 27% United States Canada SOURCE: Energy Information Administration, National Energy Board of Canada Both the United States and Canada use fossil fuels to produce electricity. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources, meaning that once used they are not easily replaced. The also make use of renewable resources such as the hydroelectricity produced by the dam above. Name What energy source produces the largest percentage of Canada s electricity? Analyze Which nation is more dependent on the other for its energy? Explain. Chapter 1 Section 3 29 Guided Instruction Vocabulary Builder Clarify the high-use words suitable and harness before reading. Read Resources of Canada with students. Make sure they can answer the Reading Check question. Ask students What resources are abundant in the Prairie Provinces? (fertile farmland, oil, and natural gas) Ask students why they think over 90 percent of the land in Canada is not suitable for farming. (Students may propose that much of the land, such as the Canadian Shield, is too rugged, or located in climates that are too cold and or too dry to support many crops.) Independent Practice Have students finish the graphic organizer by filling in details about Canada s bodies of water and resources. Monitor Progress Show Section Reading Support Transparency USC 45 and ask students to check their graphic organizers individually. Go over key concepts and clarify key vocabulary as needed. Transparencies, Section Reading Support Transparency USC 45 Tell students to fill in the last column of the Reading Readiness Guide. Probe for what they learned that confirms or invalidates each statement. Teaching Resources, Reading Readiness Guide, p. 107 Background: Global Perspectives Canadian Inventions If necessity is the mother of invention, the world can thank Canada s northerly climate and abundant natural resources for many practical and familiar innovations. For example, kerosene, snowmobiles, and snow blowers all appeared first in Canada. Canada also lays claim to the McIntosh variety of apple. Answers Chart Skills Name hydroelectricity Analyze the United States; it imports more energy than it exports Chapter 1 Section 3 29

6 Assess and Reteach Assess Progress Have students complete the Section Assessment. Administer the Section Quiz. Teaching Resources, Section Quiz, p. 109 Reteach L1 If students need more instruction, have them read this section in the Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide. Chapter 1, Section 3, United States and Canada Reading and Vocabulary Study Guide, pp Extend Have students work in groups to complete the Small Group Activity: Creating Travel Posters for National Parks. Teaching Resources, Small Group Activity: Creating Travel Posters for National Parks, pp L3 Tugboats tow huge booms, or lines of connected floating logs, harvested from Canada s forests. Forests With almost half its land covered in forests, Canada is a leading producer and exporter of timber products. These products include lumber, paper, plywood, and wood pulp. The climate in British Columbia produces Canada s densest talltimber forests. Large amounts of rain and a long growing season contribute to the growth of large evergreens with hard wood ideal for construction lumber. The provinces of Ontario and Quebec also produce large amounts of timber. What resources are found in the Canadian Shield? Answers The Canadian Shield contains many mineral resources, including iron ore, gold, silver, zinc, copper, and uranium. Section 3 Assessment Key Terms Students sentences should reflect knowledge of each Key Term. Target Reading Skill Students questions should reflect that they previewed the section and identified important information. Comprehension and Critical Thinking 1. (a) The major natural resources of the United States include fertile soil, water, energy and mineral resources, and forests. (b) Because the United States is rich in many energy resources, the country is able to both provide them to its residents and sell them to other countries at a profit. (c) Possible answer: A country with few natural resources would have to find a way to buy the resources it needed from other countries. 2. (a) Less than 10 percent of Canada s land can be used for farming. (b) Canada uses its water resources as major shipping routes and to generate hydroelectricity. (c) The United States and Canada are located on the same continent, and share many physical features, Section 3 Assessment Key Terms Review the key terms at the beginning of this section. Use each term in a sentence that explains its meaning. Target Reading Skill What questions did you ask that helped you to learn and remember something from this section? Comprehension and Critical Thinking 1. (a) List Describe the major natural resources of the United States. 30 including the Great Lakes, the Interior and Great Plains, and the Rocky Mountains. Thus, the two countries have many similar resources. Writing Activity Use Rubric for Assessing a Writing Assignment to evaluate students paragraphs. Teaching Resources, Rubric for Assessing a Writing Assignment, p. 127 (b) Explain How have energy resources shaped the economy and the standard of living of the United States? (c) Infer What economic challenges might a country with few natural resources face? 2. (a) Note How much of Canada s land can be used for farming? (b) Summarize How is water used as a resource in Canada? (c) Compare Based on what you know about the physical geography of the two countries, in what ways do you think the resources are similar? Writing Activity What do you think is the most important resource in the United States and Canada? Write a paragraph explaining your choice. Writing Tip Be sure to include examples, details, facts, and reasons that support the main idea of your paragraph. 30