TURKISH NATIONAL STUDY: INSTITUTIONAL FRAME AND WASTE SECTOR GOVERNANCE IN TURKEY

Transcription

1 Blue Plan Program: Waste and Material Flows in the Mediterranean Final Workshop Villa Valmer, Marseilles, 29 March 2012 TURKISH NATIONAL STUDY: INSTITUTIONAL FRAME AND WASTE SECTOR GOVERNANCE IN TURKEY Prof. Dr. Kahraman Ünlü Middle East Technical University Environmental Engineering Department Ankara, Turkey

2 OUTLINE Institutional aspects Primary and secondary legislation Policy drive and EU accession process Sustainable waste management Waste management planning Measures taken to implement the policies Waste prevention policies Impact of policies on waste management practices and capacities

3 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT The MoEU and Municipalities are the two important governmental institutions playing a major role in the waste management at national and local level, respectively. The MoE&U is the competent authority responsible for the planning and policy development on waste management at the national level, while municipalities are assigned as the main implementation authority at the local level. Besides MoEU and Municipalities, various bodies and institutions share authorities and responsibilities in waste management.

4 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT Central Governmental Institutions Local Governmental Institutions Non-Governmental Institutions Ministry of Envieonment and Urbanization (MoEU) Ministry of Interior (MoI) Ministry of Finace (MoF) Ministry of Health (MoH) The Authority for the Protection of Special Areas (APSA) Provincial Branches of MoEU Special Provincial Admisnistration (SPA) Metropolitan Municipalities Municipalities Recovery and Rcycling Industry Foundations - ÇEVKO - TAP - ALBIOBIR - PETDER - LASDER State Planning Organization (SPO) Bank of Provices (BoP) Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) Institutional framework of solid waste management in Turkey

5 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) General Directorate of Environmental Management Department of Watste Management Division of Hazardous Watste Division of Municipal Waste Division of Medical and Special Waste Division of Packaging Watste Division of Mining and Nonhazardous Industrial Watste Provincial Directoırates of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Institutional framework of solid waste management within the MoEU

6 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT Primary legislation Many legal arrangements have been made at the national level directly or indirectly related to waste management and protection of the environment. The Constitution of 1982 establishes principal objectives regarding environmental protection in its Article 56. The Environmental Law ( ), being a framework law, puts forward the principle polluter pays. The Metropolitan Municipality Law and Municipality Law ( and ) make municipalities responsible for collection, transfer, transport and disposal of municipal wastes, establishment and operation of waste management systems and facilities at local level within the borders of municipalities.

7 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT Secondary legislation National waste management legislation has been harmonized with the EU Acquis since The transposition of EU Waste Framework Directive was mostly completed. With the adoption of the implementation regulations, a substantial progress has been made for the alignment of the national legislation with the EU legislation. Important secondary legislations on MSW Regulation on General Principles of Waste Management Regulation on Landfilling of Wastes Packaging Waste Control Regulation

8 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT Policy drive and EU accession process Main drives behind principal political steps and policy developments towards building a sustainable integrated waste management system in Turkey have been public demand and pressure for improved and effective municipal services and EU accession process. As regards the public pressure, overall industrial development and economic growth in the country improved living standards of the people, and modified their consumption habits, together with an increased amount and somewhat diversified composition of solid waste.

9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT Policy drive and EU accession process EU process became a major driving force for waste management policy development, starting with the acceptance of Turkey as a candidate country for EU membership. The National Program, prepared during the accession process, determined clearly the short-, mid- and long-term targets to adopt the EU acquis. Improving the effectiveness of waste management took place as the main environmental priority in the National Program.

10 SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste management planning As regards implementation, Turkey prepared the national and regional waste management plans using the results of various different projects financed under EU Pre-Accession Financial Assistance. For the realization of integrated solid waste management at regional scale across the country, at the same time to meet the requirements of EU acquis, Solid Waste Master Plan and Waste Management Action Plan for municipal waste was developed. Within the scope of National Waste Management Plan 12 different waste streams are examined. The current situation and management problems are defined and strategic targets are given for the solution of the defined management problems.

11 SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT Measures taken to implement the policies Although there has been a significant shift from uncontrolled landfilling of municipal wastes to sanitary landfilling over the last 10 years, disposal is the dominant municipal waste treatment process in Turkey. There needs to be a policy shift towards composting and recycling, as is foreseen in the strategy documents of the MoEU. As of 2007, uncontrolled landfilling and sanitary landfilling makes up 48 and 41 % of the waste disposal practice, respectively, in Turkey. Overall, about 89% of the waste collected is disposed of in sanitary and uncontrolled landfills, 9 % recycled, while incineration and composting remain about 2% of collected waste.

12 IMPACT of POLICIES on WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES and CAPACITIES Percent Percentage of MSW by disposal methods in Turkey Open Dumping (%) 91,6 90,2 84,3 78,3 76,4 64,4 69,5 69,0 69,8 57,6 48,1 Sanitary Landfilling (%) 4,5 6,9 12,6 18,0 21,0 32,9 27,6 28,3 27,8 35,4 40,8 Composting (%) 1,1 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 0,9 1,5 1,2 1,4 1,0 1,0 Open Incineration (%) 2,5 1,9 1,9 2,6 1,5 1,4 0,9 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,9 Recycling (%) 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 5,2 9,2

13 IMPACT of POLICIES on WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES and CAPACITIES The number of sanitary landfills increased from 2 in 1994 to 37 in 2007, and 59 as of Within the next 10 years, upon completion of the arrangements indicated in Solid waste Master Plan, 70 percent of the municipal wastes generated in Turkey is anticipated to be disposed of in sanitary landfills.

14 QUESTIONS?? THANKS!!

15 SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste prevention policies Amounts of packaging waste produced and marketed, the target and actual amounts and rates of recovery for various components of packaging waste during 2007 in comparison with production statistics Component Production (tons) Placed to Market (tons) Production Statistics (tons) Target Recovery (%) Actual Recovery (%) a Actual Recovery (%) b Plastic 867, ,354 7,173, Metal 152, , Paper/Board 1,496, ,918 4,368, Glass 343, , Composite 63,779 49, Total 2,922,661 1,446, a PWCR Database ; b National Production Statistics of TUIK Recovery rates for paper and board are well above the target rates while the recovery rates for composites fall below the target rates. For the other components plastic, metal and glass recovery rates are mostly satisfy the target rates. The annual total production statistics of PWCR database for plastics and paper/board seems to be 2 and 42 %, respectively, of the corresponding national procuction statistics of TUIK.