Open-Ocean Observatories: Ocean Circulation and Biogeochemical Cycles

Transcription

1 ORION RFA conceptual proposal: Open-Ocean Observatories: Ocean Circulation and Biogeochemical Cycles Proponents: U.Send (SIO), J.Toole (WHOI), F.Chavez (MBARI), S.Emerson (UW), C.Sabine (PMEL) Participants: E.Boyle (MIT), T.Dickey (UCSB), D.Karl (SOEST), T.Knap (Bermuda), R.Lukas (SOEST), K.Speer (FSU), A.Dickson (SIO), J.Toole (WHOI), F.Chavez (MBARI), C.Sabine (PMEL), S.Emerson (UW), D.Luther (SOEST), S.Lozier (Duke), L.Talley (SIO), J.Sarmiento (Princeton), N.Gruber (UCLA), R.Barber (Duke), M.Behrenfeld (OSU), S.Doney (WHOI), P.Strutton (OSU), M.Lomas (Bermuda), N.Bates (Bermuda), M.Friedrichs (Old Dominian), R.Hood (UMCES), U.Send (SIO), R.Davis (SIO), D.Rudnick (SIO), B.Owens (WHOI), D.Checkley (SIO)

2 Rationale: one of three coordinated global proposals, here: watercolumn (others: atmosphere/air-sea flux, geophysics) 16 sites which would catalyze cross-disciplinary integrated observations/analyses of linked processes in critical or representative global locations measure and interpret interdependent processes, events, changes in - physical oceanography (water mass formation, transports, mode water processes) - biogeochemistry (CO 2, O 2, nutrient, trace metal processes) - ecology (primary production, zooplankton, fish regimes) - ecosystem modelling since many sites have air-sea flux interest as well, likely to have co-located flux data span diverse ocean provinces and biogeochemical regimes => differences and connections in observed responses embed in international project OceanSITES (coordinate/share operation of global network)

3 Three types of regimes to address: A: Key regions of strong vertical dynamics - processes governing variability in ocean climate, ecosystem dynamics, carbon cycle - water mass formation, upwelling (equator) B: Large, quasi-homogeneous ocean provinces - understand and contrast or link processes in locations representative of regimes - center of large gyres C: Regions of important horizontal transports and exchanges - fluxes of mass, heat, freshwater, carbon, nutrients, organisms - major current systems, exchanges between ocean (sub)basins

4 Scientific objectives include topics from: carbon cycle / CO 2 flux processes oxygen and nutrient dynamics primary production trace metals ecosystem regimes and changes water property variability in stable regimes water mass formation circulation regimes biogeochemical modelling

5 16 priority sites (11 cross-consortia agreed, 5 specific)

6 Platforms/technologies: profiling package on subsurface mooring (wire-crawling or winched) fixed sensors, surface buoy (where met data or continuous telemetry are needed) gliders and AUV to explore spatial context around observatory modelling Estimated annual cost over 5 years: 11 Mio.$ (incl. sensors, salaries, operations, data manag., outreach)

7 ORION RFA conceptual proposal: A California Current Ecosystem Ocean Observing System Proponents: E. Dever (OSU), F.Chavez (MBARI), U.Send (SIO) Participants: SIO/SW Fisheries: U.Send, R.Davis, D.Demer, R.Goericke, G.Mitchell, M.Ohman, D.Rudnick, A.Miller, B.Cornuelle, P.Franks, E.Terrill, J.Orcutt UCSB: G.Chang, T.Dickey Cal Poly: M.Moline MBARI: F.Chavez, J.Bellingham, K.Johnson, J.Ryan Moss Landing Labs: K.Cole Naval Postgraduate: C.Collins UCSC: R.Kudela OSU: E.Dever, J.Barth, B.Hales, M.Kosro, R.Letelier, B.Peterson, P.Strutton, P.Wheeler UW: C.Eriksen, B.Hickey, P. MacCready

8 Rationale: large-scale west coast-wide high-resolution observations of California Current System (physical and ecosystem components) physical, meteorological, biogeochemical, ecosystem timeseries for - response of the CCS to forcing on scales from episodic to interdecadal - analysis of processes and changes in the coupled physical-ecosystem regime - studying along-coast continuity of the current systems and transport processes - improving parameterizations used for satellite observations and models include surface meteorology, euphotic zone, mid-water column, benthic layer, seafloor build on/complement existing networks: CalCOFI, MBARI and Newport lines, NDBC, PaCOOS? enable addition/merging of geophysical proposals/needs where feasible (e.g. geodetic)

9 7 sections in 3 regimes Oregon&Washington central&northern California S. California Bight & Pt. Conception

10 Each line with 4 observatory sites 1 shelf site (approx. 100m contour) - upwelling and new production - headland generated wind stress curl - coastal input of sediment, pollution, freshwater - blooms - settlement of meroplankton - transports, signal propagation, teleconnection in coastal waveguide 1 slope site (approx. 350m contour) - export of upwelled production in jets&filaments - continuity of undercurrent and eddy generation - effects of ENSO teleconnections 1 deep water site (inner edge of California Current) - interaction of CC with upwelling jets - seasonal and interannual evolution of CC structure - eddy propagation, evolution, impacts 1 deep water site (outer California Current) - physical-biological interactions of nutrient draw-down - effect and variability of subarctic water transport - effect of atmospheric teleconnections (changed stormtracks, etc)

11 Proposed instrumentation per site - ADCP (1) - CTD (5) - Dissolved O 2 (2) - fluorescence/backscatter/attenuation (2) - multispectral radiance/irradiance (1) - nitrate (2) - pco 2 (2) - ph (2) - LOPC (1) - dual-frequency zooplankton/fish echosounder (2) - trace metal sampler (1) Platforms/technologies upper ocean profiler (e.g. winch) deep profiler (e.g. WHOI MMP) 2 gliders per line 1 AUV per line modelling Estimated annual cost over 5 years: 15 Mio.$ (incl. platforms, salaries, operations, data manag., outreach)