STEEL. steel frame construction. chapter 11 SUBJECT
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1 SUBJECT STEEL steel frame construction chapter 11 DATE SPRING 2014 PROFESSOR MONTGOMERY
2 STEEL
3 STEEL
4 STEEL
5 STEEL
6 STEEL
7 STEEL
8 STEEL
9 STEEL
10 STEEL
11 STEEL
12 STEEL
13 this week objective: overview of the nature and composition of steel and its use as a primary structural element metal s use in architecture cast and wrought iron steel s properties process of making steel overview of steel shapes
14 ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS USED MOLTEN BRONZE AS CRAMP TO SECURE STONES AT JOINTS STEEL wrought iron
15 STEEL smelting iron ore into cast iron
16 CAST IRON:! IRON ORE SMELTED IN A FURNACE, THEN POURED INTO A MOLD WROUGHT IRON:! CAST IRON THAT HAS BEEN PURIFIED BY BEATING IT REPEATEDLY WITH A HAMMER (LABOR INTENSIVE = $$$) STEEL wrought iron & cast iron
17 CAST IRON:! HARD MATERIAL BUT UNPREDICTABLE BRITTLENESS WROUGHT IRON:! MALLEABLE BUT WEAKER STEEL wrought iron & cast iron
18 STEEL cast and wrought iron
19 EARLY USE OF STEEL WAS $$$$$ AND THEREFORE RARE STEEL first uses of steel
20 WROUGHT IRON CHAINS AND RODS USED TO RESIST TENSILE FORCES STEEL structural use of metal
21 CLIFTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE BRISTOL, ENGLAND! CAST IRON CONSTRUCTION FIRST ALL-METAL STRUCTURE BUILT LATE 18TH CENTURY STEEL structural use of metal
22 CRYSTAL PALACE LONDON, ENGLAND 1851!! DEFINED A NEW TYPE OF SPATIAL CHARACTER BASED ON ALMOST COMPLETE TRANSPARENCY STEEL cast iron
23 EIFFEL TOWER PARIS, FRANCE 1889 LAST GREAT MASTERPIECE IN WROUGHT IRON STEEL wrought iron large scale and small
24 STEEL cast iron changing architecture
25 CAST IRON IN NEW YORK CITY STEEL cast iron
26 THE CAST IRON PROCESS CONTINUED TO FACILITATE THE USE OF SCULPTURAL MOTIFS THAT REPEAT IN A STRUCTURE STEEL cast iron
27 CAST IRON BECAME A MAJOR MATERIAL IN OF WEAPONS OF WAR STEEL cast iron
28 LOAD BEARING MASONRY REACHES ITS LIMIT MASONRY CLAD STEEL! THE STEEL FRAME UNLEASHES THE RACE TO REACH THE HEAVENS STEEL building tall buildings
29 CAST IRON!! WROUGHT IRON!! PUDDLE IRON/STEEL!! BESSEMER PROCESS!! OPEN HEARTH METHOD!! IRON ORE (2.1% TO 4% CARBON)! IRON ALLOY (VERY LOW CARBON)!! REFINING CAST IRON EVOLVING PROCESS TO IMPROVE STRENGTH OF CAST IRON! BIRTH OF MODERN STEEL PRODUCTION! MAKING STEEL PRODUCTION EFFICIENT STEEL making steel - evolution of the process
30 WROUGHT_IRON STEEL CAST IRON VERY LOW CARBON LESS THAN 2% CARBON 3% -4% CARBON MALLEABLE/ WEAKER WORKABLE/ STRONG HARD/ BRITTLE STEEL making steel - controlling carbon content
31 STEEL making steel
32 STEEL making steel
33 STEEL making steel - Bessemer process
34 STEEL modern steel making process
35 STEEL making steel from scrap
36 STEEL making steel from scrap- arc furnace
37 STEEL hot rolling steel
38 STEEL hot rolling steel
39 STEEL structural steel shapes
40 STEEL structural steel shapes
41 STEEL american standard: s shape
42 STEEL wide flange: w shapes
43 STEEL structural tee: wt shape
44 STEEL channel: c shape
45 STEEL angle: L shape
46 STEEL tubes: HSS shapes (hollow struct section)
47 STEEL other shapes: wire ropes bars
48 STEEL SHAPE/SIZE DESIGNATIONS: W21 X NOMINAL DEPTH LBS/FOOT OF LENGTH L4 X 3 X 3/8 4 X 3 3/8 NOMINAL DEPTH OF EACH LEG THICKNESS OF THE LEGS STEEL frame construction
49 wrap up STEEL, WHILE BEING THE MOST DENSE STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, P R O D U C E S T H E L I G H T E S T STRUCTURES AND THOSE THAT SPAN THE GREATEST DISTANCES the transformation of materials and structure to a scientific based/controlled process steel alone has useful tensile strength steel is also strong in compression two primary weaknesses: exposure to weather (especially water), exposure to fire. steel requires careful detailing to overcome two primary weaknesses
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