BAT conclusions for the Production of Pulp, Paper and Board

Transcription

1 ENV BAT onlusions for the Prodution of Pulp, Pper nd Bord SCOPE...2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS...2 EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT...3 AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER...3 REFERENCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR...3 AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR...3 DEFINITIONS Generl BAT onlusions for the pulp nd pper industry Environmentl mngement system Mterils mngement nd good housekeeping Wter nd wste wter mngement Energy onsumption nd effiieny Emissions of odour Monitoring of key proess prmeters nd of emissions to wter nd ir Wste mngement Emissions to wter Emissions of noise Deommissioning BAT onlusions for krft pulping proess Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Wste genertion Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for the sulphite pulping proess Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for mehnil pulping nd hemimehnil pulping Wste wter nd emissions to wter Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for proessing pper for reyling Mterils mngement Wste wter nd emissions to wter Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT onlusions for ppermking nd relted proesses Wste wter nd emissions to wter Emissions to ir Wste genertion Energy onsumption nd effiieny Desription of tehniques Desription of tehniques for the prevention nd ontrol of emissions to ir Desription of tehniques to redue fresh wter use/wste wter flow nd the pollution lod in wste wter Desription of tehniques for wste genertion prevention nd wste mngement

2 SCOPE These BAT onlusions onern the tivities speified in Setions 6.1 () nd 6.1 () of Annex I to Diretive 2010/75/EU, i.e. the integrted nd non-integrted prodution in industril instlltions of: ) pulp from timer or other firous mterils; ) pper or rdord with prodution pity exeeding 20 tonnes per dy. In prtiulr, these BAT onlusions over the following proesses nd tivities: i. hemil pulping:. krft (sulphte) pulping proess. sulphite pulping proess ii. mehnil nd hemimehnil pulping iii. proessing pper for reyling with nd without deinking iv. ppermking nd relted proesses v. ll reovery oilers nd lime kilns operted in pulp nd pper mills These BAT onlusions do not ddress the following tivities: i. prodution of pulp from non-wood firous rw mteril (e.g. yerly plnt pulp); ii. sttionry internl omustion engines; iii. omustion plnts for stem nd power genertion other thn reovery oilers; iv. dryers with internl urners for pper mhines nd oters. Other referene douments whih re relevnt for the tivities overed y these BAT onlusions re the following: Referene douments Industril Cooling Systems (ICS) Eonomis nd Cross-Medi Effets (ECM) Emissions from Storge (EFS) Energy Effiieny (ENE) Lrge Comustion Plnts (LCP) Generl Priniples of Monitoring (MON) Wste Ininertion (WI) Wste Tretments Industries (WT) Ativity Industril ooling systems, e.g. ooling towers, plte het exhngers Eonomis nd ross-medi effets of tehniques Emissions from tnks, pipework nd stored hemils Generl energy effiieny Genertion of stem nd eletriity in pulp nd pper mills y omustion plnts Emissions monitoring On-site ininertion nd o-ininertion of wste Preprtion of wste s fuels GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The tehniques listed nd desried in these BAT onlusions re neither presriptive nor exhustive. Other tehniques my e used tht ensure t lest n equivlent level of environmentl protetion. Unless otherwise stted, the BAT onlusions re generlly pplile. 2

3 ENV EMISSION LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH BAT Where emission levels ssoited with the est ville tehniques (BAT-AELs) re given for the sme verging period in different units (e.g. s onentrtion nd speifi lod vlues (tht is per tonne of net prodution)), those different wys of expressing BAT-AELs re to e seen s equivlent lterntives. For integrted nd multi-produt pulp nd pper mills, the BAT-AELs defined for the individul proesses (pulping, ppermking) nd/or produts need to e omined ording to mixing rule sed on their dditive shres of dishrge. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO WATER Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssoited with the BAT-AELs for emissions to wter re defined s follows. Dily verge Yerly verge Averge over smpling period of 24 hours tken s flow-proportionl omposite smple ( 1 ) or, provided tht suffiient flow stility is demonstrted, from timeproportionl smple ( 1 ) Averge of ll dily verges tken within yer, weighted ording to the dily prodution, nd expressed s mss of emitted sustnes per unit of mss of produts/mterils generted or proessed ( 1 ) In speil ses, there my e need to pply different smpling proedure (e.g. gr smpling) REFERENCE CONDITIONS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR The BAT-AELs for emissions to ir refer to stndrd onditions: dry gs, temperture of K, nd pressure of kp. Where BAT-AELs re given s onentrtion vlues, the referene O 2 level (% y volume) is indited. Conversion to referene oxygen onentrtion The formul for lulting the emissions onentrtion t referene oxygen level is shown elow. E R = 21 O R 21 O M E M where: E R (mg/nm 3 ): emissions onentrtion referred to the referene oxygen level O R O R (vol %): referene oxygen level E M (mg/nm 3 ): mesured emissions onentrtion referred to the mesured oxygen level O M O M (vol %): mesured oxygen level. AVERAGING PERIODS FOR EMISSIONS TO AIR Unless stted otherwise, the verging periods ssoited with the BAT-AELs for emissions to ir re defined s follows. Dily verge Averge over the smpling period Averge over period of 24 hours sed on vlid hourly verges from ontinuous mesurement Averge vlue of three onseutive mesurements of t lest 30 minutes eh 3

4 Yerly verge In the se of ontinuous mesurement: verge of ll vlid hourly verges. In the se of periodi mesurements: verge of ll "verges over the smpling period" otined during one yer. DEFINITIONS For the purpose of these BAT onlusions, the following definitions pply: New plnt Term used Existing plnt Mjor refurishment New dust tement system Existing dust tement system Non-ondensle odorous gses (NCG) Conentrted nonondensle odorous gses (CNCG) Strong odorous gses Wek odorous gses Residul wek gses Continuous mesurement Periodi mesurement Diffuse emissions Integrted prodution Non-integrted prodution Net prodution Definition A plnt first permitted on the site of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions or omplete replement of plnt on the existing foundtions of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions. A plnt whih is not new plnt. A mjor hnge in design or tehnology of plnt/tement system nd with mjor djustments or replements of the proess units nd ssoited equipment. A dust tement system first operted on the site of the instlltion following the pulition of these BAT onlusions. A dust tement system whih is not new dust tement system. Non-ondensle odorous gses, referring to mlodorous gses of krft pulping. Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (or "strong odorous gses"): TRS-ontining gses from ooking, evportion nd from stripping of ondenstes. Conentrted non-ondensle odorous gses (CNCG). Diluted non-ondensle odorous gses: TRS-ontining gses whih re not strong odorous gses (e.g. gses oming from tnks, wshing filters, hip ins, lime mud filters, drying mhines). Wek gses tht re emitted in wys other thn through reovery oiler, lime kiln or TRS-urner. Mesurements using n utomted mesuring system (AMS) permnently instlled on site. Determintion of mesurnd (prtiulr quntity sujet to mesurement) t speified time intervls using mnul or utomted methods. Emissions rising from diret (non-hnnelled) ontt of voltile sustnes or dust with the environment under norml operting onditions. Both pulp nd pper/ord re produed t the sme site. The pulp is normlly not dried efore pper/ord mnufture. Either () prodution of mrket pulp (for sle) in mills tht do not operte pper mhines, or () prodution of pper/ord using only pulp produed in other plnts (mrket pulp). (i) For pper mills: the unpked, slele prodution fter the lst slitter winder, i.e. efore onverting. (ii) For off-line oters: prodution fter oting. (iii) For tissue mills: slele prodution fter the tissue mhine efore ny rewinding proesses nd exluding ny ore. (iv) For mrket pulp mills: prodution fter pking (ADt). (v) For integrted mills: Net pulp, prodution refers to the prodution fter pking (ADt) plus the pulp trnsferred to the pper mill (pulp lulted t 90 % dryness, i.e. ir dry). Net pper prodution: sme s (i) 4

5 ENV Term used Speility pper mill Hrdwood Softwood Custiising Definition A mill produing numerous pper nd ord grdes for speil purposes (industril nd/or non-industril) tht re hrterised y prtiulr properties, reltively smll end use mrket or nihe pplitions tht re often espeilly designed for prtiulr ustomer or end-user group. Exmples of speility ppers inlude igrette ppers, filter ppers, metlised pper, therml pper, self-opy pper, stiking lels, st oted pper, s well s gypsum liners nd speil ppers for wxing, insulting, roofing, sphlting, nd other speifi pplitions or tretments. All of these grdes fll outside of the stndrd pper tegories. Group of wood speies inluding e.g. spen, eeh, irh nd eulyptus. The term hrdwood is used s opposite to softwood. Wood from onifers inluding e.g. pine nd sprue. The term softwood is used s opposite to hrdwood. Proess in the lime yle in whih hydroxide (white liquor) is regenerted y the retion C(OH) 2 + CO 2-3 CCO 3 (s) + 2 OH - ACRONYMS Term used Definition ADt Air Dry tonnes (of pulp) expressed s 90% dryness. AOX Adsorle orgni hlides mesured ording to the EN ISO: 9562 stndrd method for wste wters. BOD Biohemil oxygen demnd. The quntity of dissolved oxygen required y miroorgnisms to deompose orgni mtter in wste wter. CMP Chemimehnil pulp. CTMP Chemithermomehnil pulp. COD Chemil oxygen demnd; the mount of hemilly oxidisle orgni mtter in wste wter (normlly referring to nlysis with dihromte oxidtion). DS Dry solids, expressed s weight %. DTPA Diethlyene trimine penteti id (omplexing/helting gent used in peroxide lehing). ECF Elementl Chlorine Free. EDTA Ethylene dimine tetreti id (omplexing/helting gent). H 2 S Hydrogen sulphide. LWC Light weight oted pper. NO X The sum of nitrogen oxide (NO) nd nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), expressed s NSSC RCF SO 2 TCF Totl nitrogen (Tot- N) Totl (Tot-P) TMP TOC TRS TSS VOC phosphorus NO 2. Neutrl sulphite semi hemil. Reyled fires. Sulphur dioxide. Totlly Chlorine Free. Totl nitrogen (Tot-N) given s N, inludes orgni nitrogen, free mmoni nd mmonium (NH + 4 -N), nitrites (NO - 2 -N) nd nitrtes (NO - 3 -N). Totl phosphorus (Tot-P) given s P, inludes dissolved phosphorus plus ny insolule phosphorus rried over into the effluent in the form of preipittes or within miroes. Thermomehnil pulp. Totl orgni ron. Totl redued sulphur. The sum of the following redued mlodorous sulphur ompounds generted in the pulping proess: hydrogen sulphide, methyl merptn, dimethylsulphide nd dimethyldisulphide, expressed s sulphur. Totl suspended solids (in wste wter). Suspended solids onsist of smll fire frgments, fillers, fines, non-settled iomss (gglomertion of miroorgnisms) nd other smll prtiles. Voltile orgni ompounds s defined in Artile 3(45) of Diretive 2010/75/EU. 5

6 1.1 Generl BAT onlusions for the pulp nd pper industry The proess speifi BAT onlusions inluded in Setions 1.2 to 1.6 pply, in ddition to the generl BAT onlusions mentioned in this setion Environmentl mngement system BAT 1. In order to improve the overll environmentl performne of plnts for the prodution of pulp, pper nd ord, BAT is to implement nd dhere to n environmentl mngement system (EMS) tht inorportes ll of the following fetures: ) ommitment of the mngement, inluding senior mngement; ) definition of n environmentl poliy tht inludes the ontinuous improvement of the instlltion y the mngement; ) plnning nd estlishing the neessry proedures, ojetives nd trgets, in onjuntion with finnil plnning nd investment; d) implementtion of proedures pying prtiulr ttention to: i. struture nd responsiility ii. trining, wreness nd ompetene iii. ommunition iv. employee involvement v. doumenttion vi. effiient proess ontrol vii. mintenne progrmmes viii. emergeny prepredness nd response ix. sfegurding ompline with environmentl legisltion; e) heking performne nd tking orretive tion, pying prtiulr ttention to: i. monitoring nd mesurement (see lso the Referene Doument on the Generl Priniples of Monitoring) ii. orretive nd preventive tion iii. mintenne of reords iv. independent (where prtile) internl nd externl uditing in order to determine whether or not the EMS onforms to plnned rrngements nd hs een properly implemented nd mintined; f) review of the EMS nd its ontinuing suitility, dequy nd effetiveness y senior mngement; g) following the development of lener tehnologies; h) onsidertion for the environmentl impts from the eventul deommissioning of the instlltion t the stge of designing new plnt, nd throughout its operting life; i) pplition of setorl enhmrking on regulr sis. Appliility The sope (e.g. level of detils) nd nture of the EMS (e.g. stndrdised or non-stndrdised) will generlly e relted to the nture, sle nd omplexity of the instlltion, nd the rnge of environmentl impts it my hve. 6

7 1.1.2 Mterils mngement nd good housekeeping ENV BAT 2. BAT is to pply the priniples of good housekeeping for minimising the environmentl impt of the prodution proess y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g Tehnique Creful seletion nd ontrol of hemils nd dditives Input-output nlysis with hemil inventory, inluding quntities nd toxiologil properties Minimise the use of hemils to the minimum level required y the qulity speifitions of the finl produt Avoid the use of hrmful sustnes (e.g. nonylphenol ethoxylte-ontining dispersion or lening gents or surftnts) nd sustitution y less hrmful lterntives Minimise the input of sustnes into the soil y lekge, eril deposition nd the inpproprite storge of rw mterils, produts or residues Estlish spill mngement progrmme nd extend the ontinment of relevnt soures, thus preventing the ontmintion of soil nd groundwter Proper design of the piping nd storge systems to keep the surfes len nd to redue the need for wshing nd lening BAT 3. In order to redue the relese of not redily iodegrdle orgni helting gents suh s EDTA or DTPA from peroxide lehing, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Determintion of quntity of helting gents relesed to the environment through periodi mesurements Proess optimistion to redue onsumption nd emission of not redily iodegrdle helting gents Preferentil use of iodegrdle or eliminle helting gents, grdully phsing out nondegrdle produts Appliility Not pplile for mills tht do not use helting gents Not pplile for plnts tht eliminte 70 % or more of EDTA/DTPA in their wste wter tretment plnt or proess Appliility depends on the vilility of pproprite sustitutes (iodegrdle gents meeting e.g. rightness requirements of pulp) 7

8 1.1.3 Wter nd wste wter mngement BAT 4. In order to redue the genertion nd the pollution lod of wste wter from wood storge nd preprtion, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Dry derking (desription see Setion ) d e Hndling of wood logs in suh wy s to void the ontmintion of rk nd wood with snd nd stones Pving of the wood yrd re nd prtiulrly the surfes used for the storge of hips Controlling the flow of sprinkling wter nd minimising surfe run-off wter from the wood yrd Colleting of ontminted run-off wter from the wood yrd nd seprting out suspended solids effluent efore iologil tretment Appliility Restrited ppliility when high purity nd rightness is required with TCF lehing Generlly pplile Appliility my e restrited due to the size of the wood yrd nd storge re Generlly pplile Appliility my e restrited y the degree of ontmintion of run-off wter (low onentrtion) nd/or the size of the wste wter tretment plnt (lrge volumes) The BAT-ssoited effluent flow from dry derking is m 3 /ADt. BAT 5. In order to redue fresh wter use nd genertion of wste wter, BAT is to lose the wter system to the degree tehnilly fesile in line with the pulp nd pper grde mnuftured y using omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g Tehnique Monitoring nd optimising wter usge Evlution of wter reirultion options Blning the degree of losure of wter iruits nd potentil drwks; dding dditionl equipment if neessry Seprtion of less ontminted seling wter from pumps for vuum genertion nd reuse Seprtion of len ooling wter from ontminted proess wter nd reuse Reusing proess wter to sustitute for fresh wter (wter reirultion nd losing of wter loops) In-line tretment of (prts of) proess wter to improve wter qulity to llow for reirultion or reuse Generlly pplile Appliility Applile to new plnts nd mjor refurishments. Appliility my e limited due to wter qulity nd/or produt qulity requirements or due to tehnil onstrints (suh s preipittion/inrusttion in wter system) or inrese odour nuisne Generlly pplile 8

9 ENV The BAT-ssoited wste wter flow t the point of dishrge fter wste wter tretment s yerly verges re: Setor BAT-ssoited wste wter flow Blehed krft m 3 /ADt Unlehed krft m 3 /ADt Blehed sulphite pper grde pulp m 3 /ADt Mgnefite pulp m 3 /ADt Dissolving pulp m 3 /ADt NSSC pulp m 3 /ADt Mehnil pulp 9 16 m 3 /t CTMP nd CMP 9 16 m 3 /ADt RCF pper mills without deinking m 3 /t (the higher end of the rnge is minly ssoited with folding oxord prodution) RCF pper mills with deinking 8 15 m 3 /t RCF-sed tissue pper mills with deinking m 3 /t Non-integrted pper mills m 3 /t Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 6. In order to redue fuel nd energy onsumption in pulp nd pper mills, BAT is to use tehnique () nd omintion of the other tehniques given elow. d e f g h i j Tehnique Use n energy mngement system tht inludes ll of the following fetures: i. Assessment of the mill's overll energy onsumption nd prodution ii. Loting, quntifying nd optimising the potentils for energy reovery iii. Monitoring nd sfegurding the optimised sitution for energy onsumption Reover energy y ininerting those wstes nd residues from the prodution of pulp nd pper tht hve high orgni ontent nd lorifi vlue, tking into ount BAT 12 Cover the stem nd power demnd of the prodution proesses s fr s possile y the ogenertion of het nd power (CHP) Use exess het for the drying of iomss nd sludge, to het oiler feedwter nd proess wter, to het uildings, et. Use thermo ompressors Insulte stem nd ondenste pipe fittings Use energy effiient vuum systems for dewtering Use high effiieny eletril motors, pumps nd gittors Use frequeny inverters for fns, ompressors nd pumps Mth stem pressure levels with tul pressure needs Appliility Generlly pplile Only pplile if the reyling or reuse of wstes nd residues from the prodution of pulp nd pper with high orgni ontent nd high lorifi vlue is not possile Applile for ll new plnts nd for mjor refurishments of the energy plnt. Appliility in existing plnts my e limited due to the mill lyout nd ville spe Appliility of this tehnique my e limited in ses where the het soures nd lotions re fr prt Applile to oth new nd existing plnts for ll grdes of pper nd for oting mhines, s long s medium pressure stem is ville Generlly pplile 9

10 Desription Tehnique (): Simultneous genertion of het nd eletril nd/or mehnil energy in single proess, referred to s omined het nd power plnt (CHP). CHP plnts in the pulp nd pper industry normlly pply stem turines nd/or gs turines. The eonomi viility (hievle svings nd pyk time) will depend minly on the ost of eletriity nd fuels Emissions of odour With regrd to the emissions of mlodorous sulphur-ontining gses from krft nd sulphite pulp mills, see the proess-speifi BAT given in Setions nd BAT 7. In order to prevent nd redue the emission of odorous ompounds originting from the wste wter system, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique I. Applile for odours relted to wter systems losure Design pper mill proesses, stok nd wter storge tnks, pipes nd hests in suh wy s to void prolonged retention times, ded zones or res with poor mixing in wter iruits nd relted units, in order to void unontrolled deposits nd the dey nd deomposition of orgni nd iologil mtter. Use ioides, dispersnts or of oxidising gents (e.g. tlyti disinfetion with hydrogen peroxide) to ontrol odour nd deying teri growth. Instll internl tretment proesses ('kidneys') to redue the onentrtions of orgni mtter nd onsequently possile odour prolems in the white wter system. II. Applile for odours relted to wste wter tretment nd sludge hndling, in order to void onditions where wste wter or sludge eomes neroi Implement losed sewer systems with ontrolled vents, using hemils in some ses to redue the formtion of nd to oxidise hydrogen sulphide in sewer systems. Avoid over-ertion in equlistion sins ut mintin suffiient mixing. Ensure suffiient ertion pity nd mixing properties in ertion tnks; revise the ertion system regulrly. d Gurntee proper opertion of seondry lrifier sludge olletion nd return sludge pumping Limit the retention time of sludge in sludge storges y sending the sludge ontinuously to the e dewtering units. Avoid the storge of wste wter in the spill sin longer thn is neessry; keep the spill sin f empty. If sludge dryers re used, tretment of therml sludge dryer vent gses y sruing nd/or io g filtrtion (suh s ompost filters). h Avoid ir ooling towers for untreted wter effluent y pplying plte het exhngers. 10

11 ENV Monitoring of key proess prmeters nd of emissions to wter nd ir BAT 8. elow. BAT is to monitor the key proess prmeters ording to the tle given I. Monitoring key proess prmeters relevnt for emissions to ir Prmeter Pressure, temperture, oxygen, CO nd wter vpour ontent in flue-gs for omustion proesses II. Monitoring key proess prmeters relevnt for emissions to wter Prmeter Wter flow, temperture nd ph P nd N ontent in iomss, sludge volume index, exess mmoni nd ortho-phosphte in the effluent, nd mirosopy heks of the iomss Volume flow nd CH 4 ontent of iogs produed in neroi wste wter tretment H 2 S nd CO 2 ontents of iogs produed in neroi wste wter tretment Monitoring frequeny Continuous Monitoring frequeny Continuous Periodi Continuous Periodi BAT 9. BAT is to rry out the monitoring nd mesurement of emissions to ir, s indited elow, on regulr sis with the frequeny indited nd ording to EN stndrds. If EN stndrds re not ville, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds whih ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Emission soure NO X SO 2 Dust nd Continuous Periodi or ontinuous Periodi or ontinuous Periodi or ontinuous Reovery oiler Lime kiln Dedited NCG urner Reovery oiler (krft) nd lime kiln Monitoring ssoited with BAT 21 BAT 22 BAT 36 BAT 37 BAT 24 BAT 26 BAT 28 BAT 29 BAT 23 BAT 27 Periodi Reovery oiler (sulphite) BAT 37 TRS (inluding H 2 S) Continuous Reovery oiler BAT 21 BAT 24 Lime kiln nd dedited Periodi or ontinuous BAT 25 NCG urner BAT 28 Periodi d NH 3 Periodi Diffuse emissions from different soures (e.g. the fire line, tnks, hip ins, et.) nd residul wek gses Reovery oiler equipped with SNCR BAT 11 BAT 20 BAT 36 11

12 BAT 10. BAT is to rry out the monitoring of emissions to wter, s indited elow, with the indited frequeny nd ording to EN stndrds. If EN stndrds re not ville, BAT is to use ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds tht ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. Prmeter Monitoring frequeny Monitoring ssoited with Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) or Dily ( 2 )( 3 ) Totl orgni ron (TOC) ( 1 ) BOD 5 or BOD 7 Weekly (one week) Totl suspended solids (TSS) Dily ( 2 )( 3 ) d Totl nitrogen Weekly (one week) ( 2 ) e Totl phosphorus Weekly (one week) ( 2 ) f EDTA, DTPA ( 4 ) Monthly (one month) Monthly (one month) g AOX (ording to EN ISO 9562:2004) ( 5 ) One every two months BAT 19 BAT 33 BAT 40 BAT 45 BAT 50 BAT 19: lehed krft BAT 33: exept TCF nd NSSC mills BAT 40: exept CTMP nd CMP mills BAT 45 BAT 50 Relevnt metls (e.g. Zn, Cu, h One yer Cd, P, Ni) ( 1 ) There is trend to reple COD y TOC for eonomi nd environmentl resons. If TOC is lredy mesured s key proess prmeter, there is no need to mesure COD; however, orreltion etween the two prmeters should e estlished for the speifi emission soure nd wste wter tretment step. ( 2 ) Rpid test methods n lso e used. The results of rpid tests should e heked regulrly (e.g. monthly) ginst EN stndrds or, if EN stndrds re not ville, ginst ISO, ntionl or other interntionl stndrds whih ensure the provision of dt of n equivlent sientifi qulity. ( 3 ) For mills operting less thn seven dys week, the monitoring frequeny for COD nd TSS my e redued to over the dys the mill is in opertion or to extend the smpling period to 48 or 72 hours. ( 4 ) Applile where EDTA or DTPA (helting gents) re used in the proess. ( 5 ) Not pplile to plnts tht provide evidene tht no AOX is generted or dded vi hemil dditives nd rw mterils. BAT 11. BAT is to regulrly monitor nd ssess diffuse totl redued sulphur emissions from relevnt soures. Desription The ssessment of diffuse totl redued sulphur emissions n e done y periodi mesurement nd ssessment of diffuse emissions tht re emitted from different soures (e.g. the fire line, tnks, hip ins et.) y diret mesurements. 12

13 1.1.7 Wste mngement ENV BAT 12. In order to redue the quntities of wstes sent for disposl, BAT is to implement wste ssessment (inluding wste inventories) nd mngement system, so s to filitte wste reuse, or filing tht, wste reyling, or filing tht, 'other reovery', inluding omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e Tehnique Desription Appliility Seprte olletion of different wste frtions (inluding seprtion nd Generlly pplile lssifition of hzrdous wste) Merging of suitle frtions of residues to otin mixtures tht n e etter utilised Generlly pplile Pretretment of proess residues efore reuse or reyling Generlly pplile Mteril reovery nd reyling of proess residues on site Generlly pplile Energy reovery on- or off-site from wstes with high orgni ontent See Setion For off-site utilistion, the ppliility depends on the vilility of third prty f Externl mteril utilistion Depending on the vilility of third prty g Pretretment of wste efore disposl Generlly pplile Emissions to wter Further informtion on wste wter tretment in pulp nd pper mills nd proess-speifi BAT- AELs re given in Setions 1.2 to 1.6. BAT 13. In order to redue nutrient (nitrogen nd phosphorus) emissions into reeiving wters, BAT is to sustitute hemil dditives with high nitrogen nd phosphorus ontents y dditives ontining low nitrogen nd phosphorus ontents. Appliility Applile if the nitrogen in the hemil dditives is not ioville (i.e. it nnot serve s nutrient in iologil tretment) or if the nutrient lne is in surplus. BAT 14. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters, BAT is to use ll of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Desription Primry (physio-hemil) tretment See Setion Seondry (iologil) tretment ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Not pplile to plnts where the iologil lod of wste wter fter the primry tretment is very low, e.g. some pper mills produing speility pper. BAT 15. When further removl of orgni sustnes, nitrogen or phosphorus is needed, BAT is to use tertiry tretment s desried in Setion BAT 16. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from iologil wste wter tretment plnts, BAT is to use ll of the tehniques given elow. 13

14 Tehnique Proper design nd opertion of the iologil tretment plnt Regulrly ontrolling the tive iomss Adjustment of nutrition supply (nitrogen nd phosphorus) to the tul need of the tive iomss Emissions of noise BAT 17. In order to redue the emissions of noise from pulp nd pper mnufturing, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f Tehnique Desription Appliility Noise-redution progrmme Strtegi plnning of the lotion of equipment, units nd uildings Opertionl nd mngement tehniques in uildings ontining noisy equipment Enlosing noisy equipment nd units A noise-redution progrmme inludes identifition of soures nd ffeted res, lultions nd mesurements of noise levels in order to rnk soures ording to noise levels, nd identifition of the most ost effetive omintion of tehniques, their implementtion nd monitoring. Noise levels n e redued y inresing the distne etween the emitter nd the reeiver nd y using uildings s noise sreens. This inludes: improved inspetion nd mintenne of equipment to prevent filures losing of doors nd windows of overed res equipment opertion y experiened stff voidne of noisy tivities during night-time provisions for noise ontrol during mintenne tivities Enlosure of noisy equipment, suh s wood hndling, hydruli units, nd ompressors in seprte strutures, suh s uildings or soundproofed inets, where internl-externl lining is mde of imptsorent mteril. Use of low-noise equipment nd noise-reduers on equipment nd duts. Virtion insultion Virtion insultion of mhinery nd deoupled rrngement of noise soures nd potentilly resonnt omponents. Generlly pplile. Generlly pplile to new plnts. In the se of existing plnts, the relotion of equipment nd prodution units my e restrited y the lk of spe or y exessive osts. Generlly pplile. 14

15 ENV g h Tehnique Desription Appliility This potentilly inludes use of: sound-soring mterils in wlls Soundproofing of nd eilings uildings sound-isolting doors doule-glzed windows Noise tement Noise propgtion n e redued y Generlly pplile inserting rriers etween emitters nd to new plnts. In the reeivers. Approprite rriers inlude se of existing protetion wlls, emnkments nd plnts, the insertion of uildings. Suitle noise tement ostles my e tehniques inlude fitting sileners nd restrited y the lk ttenutors to noisy equipment suh s of spe. stem releses nd dryer vents. i j Use of lrger wood-hndling mhines to redue lifting nd trnsport times nd noise from logs flling onto log piles or the feed tle. Improved wys of working, e.g. relesing logs from lower height onto the log piles or the feed tle; immedite feedk of the level of noise for the workers. Generlly pplile Deommissioning BAT 18. In order to prevent pollution risks when deommissioning plnt, BAT is to use the generl tehniques given elow. d e Tehnique Ensure tht underground tnks nd piping re either voided in the design phse or tht their lotion is well known nd doumented. Estlish instrutions for emptying proess equipment, vessels nd piping. Ensure len losure when the fility is shut down, e.g. to len up nd rehilitte the site. Nturl soil funtions should e sfegurded, if fesile. Use monitoring progrmme, espeilly reltive to groundwter, in order to detet possile future impts on site or in neighouring res. Develop nd mintin site losure or esstion sheme, sed on risk nlysis, tht inludes trnsprent orgnistion of the shutdown work, tking into ount relevnt lol speifi onditions. 15

16 1.2 BAT onlusions for krft pulping proess For integrted krft pulp nd pper mills, the proess-speifi BAT onlusions for ppermking given in Setion 1.6 pply, in ddition to the BAT onlusions in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 19. In order to redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use TCF or modern ECF lehing (see desription in Setion ), nd suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 nd BAT 16 nd of the tehniques given elow. d e f g Tehnique Desription Appliility Modified ooking efore lehing Oxygen delignifition efore lehing Closed rown stok sreening nd effiient Generlly pplile rown stok wshing Prtil proess wter reyling in the leh plnt Effetive spill monitoring nd ontinment with suitle reovery system Mintining suffiient lk liquor evportion nd reovery oiler pity to ope with pek lods Stripping the ontminted (foul) ondenstes nd reusing the ondenstes in the proess See Setion Wter reyling my e limited due to inrusttion in lehing Generlly pplile Generlly pplile BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 1 nd Tle 2. These BAT-ssoited emission levels re not pplile to dissolving krft pulp mills. The referene wste wter flow for krft mills is set out in BAT 5. Tle 1: BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from lehed krft pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) 7 20 Totl suspended solids (TSS) Totl nitrogen ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus Eulyptus: kg/adt ( 3 ) Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) A ompt iologil wste wter tretment plnt n result in slightly higher emission levels. ( 3 ) The upper end of the rnge refers to mills using eulyptus from regions with higher levels of phosphorus (e.g. Ierin eulyptus). ( 4 ) Applile for mills using hlorine ontining lehing hemils. ( 5 ) For mills produing pulp with high strength, stiffness nd high purity properties (e.g. for liquid pkging ord nd LWC), emissions level of AOX up to 0.25 kg/adt my our. 16

17 ENV Tle 2: BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from n unlehed krft pulp mill Prmeter Yerly verge kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) Totl suspended solids (TSS) Totl nitrogen ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus ( 2 ) ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) A ompt iologil wste wter tretment plnt n result in slightly higher emission levels. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24- hour omposite smple) Emissions to ir Redution of emissions in strong nd wek odorous gses BAT 20. In order to redue odour emissions nd totl redued sulphur emissions due to strong nd wek odorous gses, BAT is to prevent diffuse emissions y pturing ll proess-sed sulphur ontining off-gses, inluding ll vents with sulphur-ontining emissions, y pplying ll of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Desription Colletion systems for strong nd wek odorous gses, omprising the following fetures: overs, sution hoods, duts, nd extrtion system with suffiient pity; ontinuous lek detetion system; sfety mesures nd equipment. Ininertion n e rried out using: reovery oiler Ininertion of lime kiln ( 1 ) strong nd wek nonondensle gses dedited NCG urner equipped with wet sruers for SO X removl; or power oiler ( 2 ) To ensure the onstnt vilility of ininertion for odorous strong gses, k-up systems re instlled. Lime kilns n serve s k-up for reovery oilers; further k-up equipment re flres nd pkge oiler Reording unvilility of the ininertion system nd ny resulting emissions ( 3 ) ( 1 ) The SO X emission levels of the lime kiln inrese signifintly when strong non-ondensle gses (NCG) re fed to the kiln nd no lkline sruer is used. ( 2 ) Applile for the tretment of wek odorous gses. ( 3 ) Applile for the tretment of strong odorous gses. Appliility Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for mjor refurishments of existing plnts. The instlltion of neessry equipment my e diffiult for existing plnts due to lyout nd spe restritions. The ppliility of ininertion might e limited for sfety resons, nd in this se wet sruers ould e used. BAT-ssoited emission level of totl redued sulphur (TRS) in residul wek gses emitted is kg S/ADt. 17

18 Redution of emissions from reovery oiler SO 2 nd TRS emissions BAT 21. In order to redue SO 2 nd TRS emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use omintion of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Desription Inresing the dry solids (DS) ontent The lk liquor n e onentrted y n of lk liquor evportion proess efore urning Optimised firing Firing onditions n e improved e.g. y good mixing of ir nd fuel, ontrol of furne lod et. Wet sruer See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 3. Tle 3: SO 2 BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd TRS emissions from reovery oiler Prmeter Dily verge ( 1 ) ( 2 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge ( 1 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge ( 1 ) kg S/ADt DS < 75 % DS 75-83% ( 3 ) Totl redued sulphur (TRS) 1 10 ( 4 ) 1 5 Gseous S DS <75 % (TRS-S + SO 2-S) DS 75 83% ( 3 ) ( 1 ) Inresing the DS ontent of the lk liquor results in lower SO 2 emissions nd higher NO x emissions. Due to this, reovery oiler with low emission levels for SO 2, my e on the higher end of the rnge for NO x nd vie vers. ( 2 ) BAT-AELs do not over periods during whih the reovery oiler is run on DS ontent muh lower thn the norml DS ontent due to shut down or mintenne of the lk liquor onentrtion plnt. ( 3 ) If reovery oiler were to urn lk liquor with DS > 83%, then SO 2 nd gseous S emission levels should e reonsidered on se-y-se sis. ( 4 ) The rnge is pplile without the ininertion of odorous strong gses. DS = dry solid ontent of the lk liquor. NO X emissions BAT 22. In order to redue NO X emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n optimised firing system inluding ll of the fetures given elow. Tehnique Computerised omustion ontrol Good mixing of fuel nd ir Stged ir feed systems, e.g. y using different ir registers nd ir inlet ports Appliility Tehnique () is pplile to new reovery oilers nd in the se of mjor refurishment of reovery oilers, s this tehnique requires onsiderle hnges to the ir feed systems nd the furne. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 4. 18

19 Tle 4: NO X Prmeter BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO X emissions from reovery oiler Yerly verge ( 1 ) mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Softwood ( 2 ) Hrdwood ( 2 ) Yerly verge ( 1 ) kg NO X /ADt DS < 75 %: DS % ( 3 ): DS < 75 %: DS % ( 3 ): ENV ( 1 ) Inresing the DS ontent of the lk liquor results in lower SO 2 emissions nd higher NO x emissions. Due to this, reovery oiler with low emission levels for SO 2, my e on the higher end of the rnge for NO x nd vie vers. ( 2 ) The tul NO X emission level of reovery oiler depends on the DS ontent nd the nitrogen ontent of the lk liquor, nd the mount nd omintion of NCG nd other nitrogen ontining flows (e.g. dissolving tnk vent gs, methnol seprted from the ondenste, iosludge) urnt. The higher the DS ontent, the nitrogen ontent in the lk liquor, nd the mount of NCG nd other nitrogen ontining flows urnt, the loser the emissions will e to the upper end of the BAT-AEL rnge. ( 3 ) If reovery oiler were to urn lk liquor with DS > 83%, then NO x emission levels should e reonsidered on se-y-se sis. DS=dry solid ontent of lk liquor. Dust emissions BAT 23. In order to redue dust emissions from reovery oiler, BAT is to use n eletrostti preipittor (ESP) or omintion of ESP nd wet sruer. Desription See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 5. Tle 5: Dust Prmeter BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust emissions from reovery oiler Dust tement system Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Yerly verge kg dust/adt New or mjor refurishment Existing 10 40( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For n existing reovery oiler equipped with n ESP pprohing the end of its opertionl life, emission levels my inrese over time up to 50 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0.4 kg/adt) Redution of emissions from lime kiln SO 2 emissions BAT 24. In order to redue SO 2 emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. d Tehnique Fuel seletion/low sulphur fuel Limit ininertion of sulphur-ontining odorous strong gses in the lime kiln Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed Alkline sruer Desription See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 6. 19

20 Tle 6: BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd sulphur emissions from lime kiln Prmeter ( 1 Yerly verge Yerly verge ) mg SO 2 /Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg S/ADt SO 2 when strong gses re not urnt in the lime kiln 5 70 SO 2 when strong gses re urnt in the lime kiln Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) when strong gses re not urnt in the lime kiln Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) when strong gses re urnt in the lime kiln ( 1 ): strong gses inludes methnol nd turpentine TRS emissions BAT 25. In order to redue TRS emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Desription Control of the exess oxygen See Setion Control of N 2 S ontent in lime mud feed Comintion of ESP nd lkline sruer See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 7. Tle 7: BAT-ssoited emission levels for TRS emissions from lime kiln Yerly verge Prmeter mg S/Nm 3 t 6 % O 2 Totl redued sulphur (TRS) < 1 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For lime kilns urning strong gses (inluding methnol nd turpentine), the upper end of the AEL rnge my e up to 40 mg/nm³. NOx emissions BAT 26. In order to redue NO X emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. d Tehnique Optimised omustion nd omustion ontrol Good mixing of fuel nd ir Low-NO X urner Fuel seletion/low-n fuel Desription See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 8. Tle 8: NO X BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO X emissions from lime kiln Prmeter Yerly verge Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg NO X /ADt Liquid fuels ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Gseous fuels ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 20

21 ENV ( 1 ) When using liquid fuels originting from vegetle mtter (e.g. turpentine, methnol, tll-oil), inluding those otined s y-produts of the pulping proess, emission levels up to 350 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0.35 kg NO X /ADt) my our. ( 2 ) When using gseous fuels originting from vegetle mtter (e.g. non-ondensle gses), inluding those otined s y-produts of the pulping proess, emission levels up to 450 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0.45 kg NO X /ADt) my our. Dust emissions BAT 27. In order to redue dust emissions from lime kiln, BAT is to use n eletrostti preipittor (ESP) or omintion of ESP nd wet sruer. Desription See Setion BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 9. Tle 9: BAT-ssoited emission levels for dust emissions from lime kiln Dust tement Yerly verge Yerly verge Prmeter system mg/nm 3 t 6 % O 2 kg dust/adt Dust New or mjor refurishments Existing ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) For n existing lime kiln equipped with n ESP pprohing the end of its opertionl life, emission levels my inrese over time up to 50 mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0.05 kg/adt) Redution of emissions from urner for strong odorous gses (dedited TRS urner) BAT 28. In order to redue SO 2 emissions from the ininertion of strong odorous gses in dedited TRS urner, BAT is to use n lkline SO 2 sruer. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 10. Tle 10: BAT-ssoited emission levels for SO 2 nd TRS emissions from the ininertion of strong gses in dedited TRS urner Prmeter Yerly verge Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 9 % O 2 kg S/ADt SO TRS 1 5 Gseous S (TRS-S + SO 2 -S) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) This BAT-AEL is sed on gs flow in the rnge of Nm 3 /ADt. BAT 29. In order to redue NO X emissions from the ininertion of strong odorous gses in dedited TRS urner, BAT is to use one or omintion of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Desription Appliility Burner/firing See Setion Generlly pplile optimistion Stged ininertion See Setion Generlly pplile for new plnts nd for mjor refurishments. For existing mills, pplile only if spe llows for the insertion of equipment 21

22 BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 11. Tle 11: BAT-ssoited emission levels for NO X emissions from the ininertion of strong gses in dedited TRS urner Prmeter Yerly verge mg/nm 3 t 9 % O 2 Yerly verge kg NO X /ADt NO X ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) Where t existing plnts swith to stged ininertion is not fesile, emissions levels up to mg/nm 3 (orresponding to 0.2 kg/adt) my our Wste genertion BAT 30. In order to prevent wste genertion nd minimise the mount of solid wste to e disposed of, BAT is to reyle dust from lk liquor reovery oiler ESPs to the proess. Appliility Reirultion of dust my e limited due to non-proess elements in the dust Energy onsumption nd effiieny BAT 31. In order to redue therml energy onsumption (stem), mximise the enefit of energy rriers used, nd to redue the onsumption of eletriity, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Tehnique High dry solid ontent of rk, y use of effiient presses or drying High effiieny stem oilers, e.g. low flue-gs tempertures Effetive seondry heting systems Closing wter systems, inluding leh plnt High pulp onentrtion (middle or high onsisteny tehnique) High effiieny evportion plnt Reovery of het from dissolving tnks e.g. y vent sruers Reovery nd use of the low temperture strems from effluents nd other wste het soures to het uildings, oiler feedwter nd proess wter Approprite use of seondry het nd seondry ondenste Monitoring nd ontrol of proesses, using dvned ontrol systems Optimise integrted het exhnger network Het reovery from the flue-gs from the reovery oiler etween the ESP nd the fn Ensuring s high pulp onsisteny s possile in sreening nd lening Use of speed ontrol of vrious lrge motors Use of effiient vuum pumps Proper sizing of pipes, pumps nd fns Optimised tnk levels BAT 32. In order to inrese the effiieny of power genertion, BAT is to pply omintion of the tehniques given elow. 22

23 ENV d e f g Tehnique High lk liquor dry solid ontent (inreses oiler effiieny, stem genertion nd thus eletriity genertion) High reovery oiler pressure nd temperture; in new reovery oilers the pressure n e t lest 100 rs nd the temperture 510 C Outlet stem pressure in the k-pressure turine s low s tehnilly fesile Condensing turine for power prodution from exess stem High turine effiieny Preheting feedwter to temperture lose to the oiling temperture Preheting the omustion ir nd fuel hrged to the oilers 23

24 1.3 BAT onlusions for the sulphite pulping proess For integrted sulphite pulp nd pper mills, the proess-speifi BAT onlusions for ppermking given in Setion 1.6 pply, in ddition to the BAT in this setion Wste wter nd emissions to wter BAT 33. In order to prevent nd redue emissions of pollutnts into reeiving wters from the whole mill, BAT is to use suitle omintion of the tehniques speified in BAT 13, BAT 14, BAT 15 nd BAT 16 nd of the tehniques given elow. d e f g h i j k Tehnique Desription Appliility Extended modified ooking efore lehing. Oxygen delignifition efore lehing. Closed rown stok sreening nd effiient rown stok wshing. Generlly pplile. Evportion of effluents from the hot lkline extrtion stge nd ininertion of onentrtes in sod oiler. TCF lehing. Closed-loop lehing. MgO-sed pre-lehing nd reirultion of wshing liquids from pre-lehing to rown stok wshing. ph djustment of wek liquor efore/inside the evportion plnt. Aneroi tretment of the ondenstes from the evportors. Stripping nd reovery of SO 2 from the ondenstes of evportors. Effetive spill monitoring nd ontinment, lso with hemil nd energy reovery system. See Setion Appliility my e limited due to pulp qulity requirements (when high strength is required). Limited ppliility for dissolving pulp mills, when multistge iologil tretment of the effluents provides more fvourle overll environmentl sitution. Limited ppliility for mrket pper pulp mills produing high rightness pulp nd for mills mnufturing speility pulp for hemil pplitions. Only pplile to plnts tht use the sme se for ooking nd ph djustment in lehing. Appliility my e limited y ftors suh s produt qulity (e.g. purity, lenliness nd rightness), kpp numer fter ooking, hydruli pity of the instlltion nd pity of tnks, evportors nd reovery oilers, nd possiility to len the wshing equipment. Generlly pplile to mgnesium-sed plnts. Spre pity in the reovery oiler nd sh iruit is needed. Generlly pplile. Applile if it is neessry to protet neroi effluent tretment. Generlly pplile. BAT-ssoited emission levels See Tle 12 nd Tle 13. These BAT-ssoited emission levels re not pplile to dissolving pulp mills nd to the mnufturing of speility pulp for hemil pplitions. The referene wste wter flow for sulphite mills is set out in BAT 5. 24

25 Tle 12: BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from pulp mill mnufturing lehed sulphite nd mgnefite pper grde pulp Prmeter Blehed sulphite pper grde Mgnefite pper grde pulp pulp( 1 ) ( 1 ) Yerly verge kg/adt ( 2 ) Yerly verge kg/adt Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) ( 3 ) Totl suspended solids (TSS) Totl nitrogen Totl phosphorus ( 3 ) Yerly verge mg/l Adsorle orgnilly ound hlogens (AOX) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) The BAT-AELs do not pply to nturl greseproof pulp mills). ( 3 ) The BAT-AEL for COD nd totl phosphorus do not pply to eulyptus sed mrket pulp ( 4 ) Sulphite mrket pulp mills my pply gentle ClO 2 lehing stge in order to meet produt requirements, thus resulting in AOX emissions. ( 5 ) Not pplile to TCF mills Tle 13: BAT-ssoited emission levels for the diret wste wter dishrge to reeiving wters from sulphite pulp mill mnufturing NSSC pulp Yerly verge Prmeter kg/adt ( 1 ) Chemil oxygen demnd (COD) Totl suspended solids (TSS) Totl nitrogen ( 2 ) Totl phosphorus ( 1 ) The BAT-AEL rnges refer to mrket pulp prodution nd the pulp prodution prt of integrted mills (emissions from ppermking re not inluded). ( 2 ) Due to proess-speifi higher emissions, the BAT-AEL for totl nitrogen does not pply to mmonium-sed NSSC pulping. The BOD onentrtion in the treted effluents is expeted to e low (round 25 mg/l s 24- hour omposite smple) Emissions to ir BAT 34. In order to prevent nd redue SO 2 emissions, BAT is to ollet ll highly onentrted SO 2 -gs strems from id liquor prodution, digesters, diffusers, or low tnks nd to reover the sulphur omponents. BAT 35. In order to prevent nd redue diffuse sulphur-ontining nd odorous emissions from wshing, sreening, nd evportors, BAT is to ollet these wek gses nd to pply one of the tehniques given elow. Tehnique Desription Appliility Ininertion in reovery oiler See Setion Not pplile to sulphite pulp mills using lium-sed ooking. These mills do not operte reovery oiler 25