Environmental Research and Education Needs: An Agenda for a New Administration National Council for Science and the Environment

Transcription

1 36

2 Envirnmental Research and Educatin Needs: An Agenda fr a New Administratin David E. Blckstein and Cassandra L. Brunette, Editrs December 18, 2008 Imprving the scientific basis fr envirnmental decisinmaking th St. NW Suite 250 Washingtn, DC Phne: (202) cnference@ncsenline.rg 1

3 Research and Educatin Initiatives: NCSE Natinal Cnferences Table f Cntents Intrductin... Cre Principles... Chapter 1: Research Recmmendatins... AGRICULTURE... Bienergy... Bitechnlgy. Climate Change... Irrigatin.. BIODIVERSITY... Bidiversity and Health... Biinfrmatics... Ppulatin... BUILT ENVIRONMENT... Sustainable Cmmunities... BUSINESS & ECONOMICS... Ecnmics... Sustainability... DIVERSITY & DEMOGRAPHICS... Demgraphy... Human Diversity... Ppulatin... EDUCATION RESEARCH... Behavir... Educatin fr Sustainable Develpment... Large Scale Cnservatin... Universities... ENERGY (see als Agriculture fr Bi-Energy)... Efficiency... Energy Surces... Funding... Infrastructure... FORECASTING... Funding... Biinfrmatics and Ecinfrmatics... Data Capture... GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE... Adaptatin... Interdisciplinary... Ppulatin... HEALTH (see als Bidiversity fr Bidiversity and Health)

4 Alternatives and Preventin... Impacts... Metrics... INDICATORS... INTERDISCIPLINARY... SECURITY... WATER... Data Cllectin... Decisin-making... Ecnmics... Health... Pllutin Preventin... Use... Wastewater Chapter 2: Educatinal Recmmendatins... BUSINESS... Clearinghuse... TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT... Educatinal Materials.. GENERAL... HEALTH Public Health. HIGHER EDUCATION... Interdisciplinary Educatin and Training... K-12 EDUCATION.. Curriculum... Funding... General... PUBLIC EDUCATION Cmmunity Educatin Funding... TEACHERS.. Supprt.. Training.. TOOLS.. Clearinghuse... Envirnmental Cmmunicatin

5 Initiatives by Department and Agency... RESEARCH. Agency fr Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)... Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin (CDC)... Climate Change Technlgy Prgram (CCTP)... Department f Cmmerce (DOC)... Department f Educatin (DOED)... Department f Energy (DOE)... Department f Hmeland Security (DHS)... Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA)... Federal Gvernment (unspecified)... Natinal Academy f Sciences (NAS)... Natinal Institutes f Health (NIH).... Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA). Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF)... Natinal Science and Technlgy Cuncil (NSTC)... Office f Science and Technlgy Plicy (OSTP)... United States Department f Agriculture (USDA)... EDUCATION Cngress... Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA). Federal Gvernment Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF). U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) U.S. Department f Energy (DOE) Natinal Cnference Names and Dates C1. Imprving the Scientific Basis fr Envirnmental Decisinmaking, December 7-8, 2000 C2. Sustainable Cmmunities: Science and Slutins, December 6-7, 2001 C3. Educatin fr a Sustainable and Secure Future, January 30-31, 2003 C4. Water fr a Sustainable and Secure Future, January 29-30, 2004 C5. Frecasting Envirnmental Changes, February 3-4, 2005 C6. Energy fr a Sustainable and Secure Future, January 26-27, 2006 C7. Integrating Envirnmental and Human Health, February 1-2, 2007 C8. Climate Change: Science and Slutins, January 16-18, 2008 See fr cnference presentatins, summaries, and PDF s f reprts 4

6 Intrductin The Obama Administratin faces a daunting array f challenges. Underlying many f these challenges is the cntinually deterirating cnditin f the envirnment and natural resurces that sustain life n Earth. The challenges f ensuring a sustainable and secure future will nt be met in a single Administratin. Hwever, it is critical that the Obama Administratin start t change the trajectry f America s relatinship with the envirnment. Envirnmental prtectin and resurce management that is nt based n science is unlikely t prvide psitive utcmes fr peple and the planet. The challenges f preventing a glbal climate catastrphe, adapting t rapid and dangerus envirnmental change, ensuring safe supplies f fd and water, transfrming ur energy supply and reducing demand, managing ecsystems t minimize irreversible lsses f bidiversity, stabilizing human ppulatin, and prtecting human health require substantial scientific knwledge. T meet these challenges require an educated ppulace and a diverse and cmpetent wrk frce prepared fr the rapidly changing wrld f the 21 st century. Yet, ur scientific knwledge and public and prfessinal understanding f the envirnment is in many ways inadequate t these challenges. Research and educatin must be critical elements f a natinal strategy fr envirnmental prtectin, a sustainable ecnmy and a secure sciety. Since 2000, the (NCSE) has cnvened an annual Natinal Cnference n Science, Plicy and the Envirnment. These cnferences have prvided the scientific and the plicymaking cmmunity pprtunities t discuss the key issues facing the US and the wrld, and develp ideas n hw t harness the frces f science and educatin t imprve the quality f life fr all. The tpics and dates f these cnferences are listed n the previus page. At each cnference, the participants develp science-based recmmendatins n critical elements f the cnference tpic. This reprt rganizes the recmmendatins relating t research and educatin plicy frm NCSE s first eight natinal cnferences ( ). It identifies research needed t imprve scientific knwledge, and educatin needed t imprve public understanding, prfessinal capacity and a strng wrkfrce. The recmmendatins represent the cllective wisdm f the mre than 5000 scientists, engineers, students, and decisinmakers. The recmmendatins cver critical tpics including agriculture, bidiversity, the built envirnment, business, demgraphics, educatin, energy, frecasting, glbal climate change, health, security and water. They cver nearly every Cabinet department f the US gvernment and many independent agencies. The recmmendatins are directed t specific agencies, but are ften applicable t ther agencies. Few f these recmmendatins have been fully implemented. They cllectively cnstitute an agenda that is a necessary fundatin fr science-based decisinmaking. There is a critical need fr strategic appraches that invlve interagency initiatives, ften crdinated thrugh the Office f Science and Technlgy Plicy (OSTP). The recmmendatins are gruped by tpic and crss-referenced by agency and by the cnference at which the recmmendatins were made. Key themes include the fllwing: Current investment in envirnmental and energy research and educatin is inadequate. The ability t prevent and slve envirnmental, ecnmic and ther scietal challenges is bunded by limited investment in research and educatin. 5

7 Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary appraches are essential. The human dimensins f issues are ften ignred, and funding fr appraches that explre human dimensins and cupled human and natural systems must be greatly expanded. Current prgrams must be enhanced by vigrus cmpetitively awarded merit based research, integrated with training f the next generatin f scientists, managers and citizens. Clearinghuses and ther mechanisms are needed t link scientific infrmatin with the needs f decisinmakers. The gal f sustainability ensuring healthy peple and a healthy planet fr many generatins t cme - must be achieved thrugh life-lng learning in partnership with research f the highest quality. Original cpies f the reprts f the individual NCSE cnferences are available at r by cntacting NCSE at Cnference@NCSEnline.rg r

8 CONCLUSIONS 1. Healthy and ecnmically prductive scieties require healthy envirnments. 2. Envirnmental issues are intimately linked with imprtant ecnmic, natinal security, health, scial and ethical issues. 3. Research and educatin are essential fr a strng ecnmy. 4. Envirnmental research and educatin are essential fr green jbs that prvide scientifically and envirnmentally skilled wrkers in all parts f American sciety. 5. Scientific knwledge, understd by decisin-makers (e.g., n techn-babble ) is key t effective and durable decisins. 6. Enabling science t supprt energy and envirnmental decisin-making requires: a. investing in science, particularly crss-cutting and interdisciplinary, and its synthesis; b. supprt fr effective cmmunicatin f science t decisin-makers; c. ensuring the integrity f science; and, d. supprting a natinal culture f educatin and thughtful prblem-slving. 7. Peple cme and g; enduring slutins require institutinalized changes. 8. A number f significant actins can be made by President Obama and his Administratin with pwers that already reside with the Office f the Presidency and with the federal agencies. 9. Many necessary actins t slw and ultimately reverse the rate f envirnmental degradatin require the assistance f ther natins, Cngress, the scientific cmmunity, cnservatin rganizatins, landwners and the general public. 10. The envirnmental scientific and educatin cmmunity has much t cntribute and is eager t be engaged. 7

9 CHAPTER 1: Research Recmmendatins by Tpic AGRICULTURE Bienergy C6-B10. 1 Agriculture and Bienergy- Achieving Sustainability p Universities, agencies, lcal gvernment and cmmunities, and industry shuld carry ut research and educatin using an interdisciplinary systems apprach t integrate new bimass feedstcks and efficient technlgy with traditinal crps, fcusing n envirnmental pprtunities and impacts. (C6-B10 p. 15) Research shuld be increased n bienergy feedstcks at bth the crp-specific level and at the brader feedstck integratin level. Key tpics include hw t increase new crp yields thrugh different technlgies breeding the harvest in the cntext f envirnment impacts, harvesting technlgies and prducts ther than bienergy. (C6-B10 p. 15) Cngress shuld increase funding fr research and educatin t increase decisin-maker awareness abut the impact f bifuels prductin n the envirnment and cmmunity well being. (C6-B10 p. 15) Using a cst-benefit analysis, researchers shuld develp measures f structure, functin and perfrmance in regards t the demgraphics and impacts f bifuel prcessing plants n cmmunity and envirnment. (C6-B10 p. 15) Bitechnlgy C1. Envirnmental Implicatins f Bitechnlgy p. 5 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld create an initiative t fund multidisciplinary research and educatin t better understand the envirnmental implicatins f bitechnlgy, pssibly invlving ther federal agencies t prvide jint funding. (C1 p. 5) (NSF) The Natinal Institute f Envirnmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) shuld prvide funding fr natural and scial science studies n effects f bitechnlgy n nntarget rganisms. (C1 p. 5) (NIEHS) Specific Research Needs: Understanding cnsequences and impacts f bitechnlgy, including effects f genetically mdified rganisms (GMOs) n nn-target species such as rganic crps, wild plants, and pllinatrs. (C1 p. 5) Studies f crss fertilizatin and crss hybridizatin f crps, as well as general studies f all, nt nly transgenic, crps. (C1 p. 5) Research in biinfrmatics and its applicatin t agriculture as well as research n predicting the impacts f biinfrmatin n bitechnlgy and the envirnment, including risk assessment including field testing f GMOs befre they are apprved. (C1 p. 5) Research n benefits including cmparisns f effects f GMOs with thse f prducts r prcesses fr which GMOs are being substituted. (C1 p. 5) Climate Change C8- B3. Animal Agriculture and Climate Change Research pririty: cmparing methane and ther greenhuse gas (GHG) emissins (in a life cycle analysis) frm pastured animals as cmpared t 1 Cnference Ntatin: C6-B10 refers t the cnference number and breakut number (Cnference Six, Breakut 10) 2 This represents the page number f the recmmendatin within ur yearly Cnference Reprt. (e.g. C6-B10 p. 15 is Cnference Six, Breakut 10, Page 15) 8

10 cnfined grain-fed animals, and determining the Green Huse Gas (GHG) emissins frm prductin f meat, egg, and dairy prducts (C8-B3) The Natinal Academy f Sciences shuld cnduct a study, leading t a natinal science-based dialgue t discuss hw meat cnsumptin, prcessing, packaging, and waste impact GHGs. (C8-B3) (NAS) Researchers shuld develp sample plicies and mdeling analysis fr lcal land-use bdies t use t actively preserve land fr management-intensive grazing f animals in peri-urban areas. (C8-B3) C8-B4. Minimizing agricultural impacts n climate; minimizing climate impacts t agriculture Develp lng term data sets at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) t quantify and understand the impacts f climate n agriculture. (C8-B4) (USDA) Perfrm a life cycle analysis f greenhuse gas emissins f all agricultural prductin systems, including cntrlled envirnment prductin systems in nrthern latitudes. (C8-B4) Study the effects f climate change n pests and invasive species. (C8-B4) Study the impacts f climate stress n livestck prductin and identify management practices t alleviate stress. (C8-B4) Irrigatin C4- Irrigatin and agriculture p. 48 Study the scilgical and ecnmic impact f the adaptability and acceptance f current technlgy and best management practices by the irrigatin industry. (C4 p. 48) Cnduct research t develp crps and varieties with imprved efficiency f water use and additinally respnd t lwer water quality while sustaining ecnmic yield levels. (C4 p. 48) Supprt research regarding ways fr irrigated agriculture t use less water withut degrading water quality. (C4 p. 48) Supprt research t develp ptimal irrigatin management systems that incrprate timing, amunt, and placement alng with agrnmic crp science. (C4 p. 48) BIODIVERSITY Bidiversity and Health C7-B7. Bidiversity and Health p. 12 There shuld be a crdinated multi-agency effrt t fund and cnduct research t understand the cmplex relatinship f bidiversity and health. (C7-B7 p. 12). Research pririties shuld include the understanding f: The drivers and mdes f change in bidiversity (C7-B7 p. 12) The etilgical mechanisms that cnnect changes in bidiversity and risks t human health (C7-B7 p. 12) The patterns and changes that ccur acrss disease systems and ver different spatial scales. (C7-B7 p. 12) Nn-disease aspects f health including nutritin (crps and dietary resurces) and psychlgical well-being. (C7-B7 p. 12) Ptential health impacts fllwing eclgical restratin (C7-B7 p. 12) Biinfrmatics C5-B11. Wrking acrss spatial scales: frm mlecular t glbal p Federal agencies shuld supprt research t identify imprtant knwledge gaps in envirnmental frecasting based n mlecular prcesses. (C5-B11 p ) (Federal) 9

11 Federal agencies shuld increase supprt fr biinfrmatics research n geneenvirnment interactins: An interagency initiative shuld be established t explre variatins in gene expressin and ther mlecular prcesses acrss the envirnmental range f an imprtant species. (C5-B11 p ) (Federal) C1. Invasive Species p. 14 Funding agencies shuld establish new prgrams t facilitate interdisciplinary research, giving special attentin t research that falls between the disciplinary cracks. (C1 p. 14) Ppulatin C8-B15. Human ppulatin and demgraphics: Can stabilizing ppulatin help stabilize the climate? Cnduct research examining the rle f migratin, bth internatinally and internally, n vulnerability t climate change impacts and greenhuse gas emissins. (C8-B15) BUILT ENVIRONMENT Sustainable Cmmunities C7-B4. The Natural Envirnment, Built Envirnment, and Scial Envirnment P. 8 There shuld be a significant research effrt t examine the csts and benefits f green neighbrhd design. (C7-B4 p. 8) Federal agencies (like CDC and EPA) shuld duble research supprt that seeks t identify health cnsequences f living in sustainable cmmunities and in sprawling cmmunities. (C7-B4 p. 8) (CDC) (EPA) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Agencies shuld fund research n: Hw t strengthen critical infrastructure and study the effectiveness f restructuring existing hspital guidelines and physical facilities t imprve resilience f facilities (C7-B13 p.20) (General Agencies) BUSINESS & ECONOMICS Ecnmics C8-B11. Ecnmics: Setting the price fr carbn Mre ecnmic and plicy research n gvernment versight, regulatin, and management f allwance markets (e.g. price ceilings and price flrs.) (C8-B11) Mre research int the acceleratin f the cmmercializatin f carbn capture and sequestratin technlgies. (C8-B11) Mre ecnmic and plicy research int hw natins culd make brder adjustments t accunt fr imprts frm cuntries that d nt cntrl GHG emissins. (C8-B11) C6-B1. Public Incentives vs. Market frces p. 5 Cngress shuld create lng term funding mechanisms fr public/private sectr research initiatives. (C6-B1 p. 5) Sustainability C2. Business: Eclgically Sustainable and Ecnmically Cmpetitive p. 12 Prvide aggressive supprt fr research and assessment tls related t sustainable business practices such as industrial eclgy, green accunting, materials flws analysis, evaluatin f envirnmental services and nature f capital, as well as ecnmic viability f renewable energy resurces (C3 p. 12, C3 p. 21, C6-B17 p. 22) 10

12 DIVERSITY & DEMOGRAPHY Demgraphy C8-B15. Human ppulatin and demgraphics: Can stabilizing ppulatin help stabilize the climate? Need mre research n linkages amng demgraphics, husehld incmes, cnsumptin, and ther sciecnmic factrs in the cntext f climate change. (C8-B15) Human Diversity C3. Diversity, Human Diversity in Educatin fr a Sustainable and Secure Future p. 23 Research shuld be cnducted t understand human diversity in a scial and cultural cntext and t characterize the strengths and advantages f human diversity (C3 p. 23) C7-B3. Ppulatin, Gender, Justice, and Health p. 7 The scientific and plicy cmmunities shuld encurage empirical research n envirnmental vulnerability and vulnerable ppulatins. (C7-B3 p. 7) Ppulatin C8-B15. Human ppulatin and demgraphics: Can stabilizing ppulatin help stabilize the climate? Research shuld be dne cncerning relatinships amng ppulatin grwth, demgraphic mvements, urbanizatin, available agricultural land base and carrying capacity with multiple climate change scenaris. (C8-B15) EDUCATION RESEARCH (see Chapter 2 fr Educatin Recmmendatins) Behavir C6- B15. Why d peple make the decisins they d?- Capitalizing n the Scial Sciences p. 20 The federal gvernment shuld explre ptential surces f private funding and partnerships (including nn-traditinal partnerships ) fr energy research. Research pririties shuld include: Studies t verify the extent t which envirnmental educatin changes behavir (and which educatinal systems are the mst effective) (C6-B15 p. 20) Educatin fr Sustainable Develpment (ESD) C3. Educatinal Research, Suggested Guidelines fr Educatin fr Sustainable Develpment Research p.24 Research shuld help individuals, cmmunities, states, and natins reach their sustainability gals and use these gals t guide prgrams, practice and plicy. (C3 p. 24) ESD research shuld lk at the well-being f the students, nt simply academic perfrmance. (C3 p. 24) ESD research shuld invlve all three realms f sustainability envirnment, sciety, and ecnmy. (C3 p. 24) Fr a research agenda t be successful ver the lnger term, it shuld utline ways t encurage and sustain dialgue amng researchers, practitiners, and stakehlders. (C3 p. 25) Reprting, sharing, and disseminating research findings and data must ccur regularly and frequently. (C3 p. 25) Large Scale Cnservatin C3 Large Scale Cnservatin p. 34 The Natinal Science Fundatin, ther federal and state agencies, universities, and fundatins shuld fund research n: 11

13 Learning acrss geplitical, scial, and institutinal bundaries in rder t build capacity fr large-scale cnservatin. (C3 p. 34) (NSF) Universities C1. Higher Educatin p. 12 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld fund training and research prjects n sustainability and its integratin int different aspects f university life by: Prviding bit sized grants (smaller prjects abut $10,000). (C1 p. 12) (NSF) Funding graduate student traineeships and fellwships related t sustainability. (C1 p. 12) (NSF) C3 Undergraduate Educatin p. 46 The Natinal Science Fundatin, Department f Educatin and fundatins shuld supprt research n and assessment f the impact and effectiveness f sustainability educatin, research, and peratins in higher educatin. (C3 p. 46) (NSF) (Department f Educatin and fundatins) ENERGY (see als Agriculture fr Bienergy) Efficiency C8- B6. Energy Efficiency and Cnservatin Increase research n use f heat and energy capture technlgy t increase efficiency. (C8-B6) Fund research n hw t integrate energy efficiency int ther related plicy arenas (health care, criminlgy, educatin, etc.) (C8-B6) Energy Surces C8-B9. Hw t ensure wind energy is green energy. Imprve funding fr pririty mnitring and research, and increase agency staffing t address wind permitting issue. (C8-B9) C8-B10. Nuclear Energy: Using science t make hard chices NSF shuld fund further research in perceptin and cmmunicatin f nuclear and climate issues. (C8-B10) (NSF) C6-B3. Cmmunity Planning p. 7 State energy ffices and research and develpment authrities shuld cmpile case studies f best practices n the linkages between energy efficiency and land use. (C6-B. p. 7) The Departments f Cmmerce and Energy shuld spnsr mre research thrugh universities, natinal labs, and ther research institutins n the impact f individual business decisins n lcal land use patterns, t build the business case fr energy efficient land use planning. (C6-B3. p. 7) (Department f Cmmerce and Energy) C6- B17. Glbal and U.S. perspectives n the prspects f renewable energy. P.22 USDA shuld supprt and cnduct serius research n industrial grwth f hemp as an energy prduct. (C6-B17. p. 22) (USDA) Funding C6-B11. Setting Research pririties: Wh? Hw? Why? p. 16 The United States must immediately establish a multi-year (decadal) RD3 (research, develpment, demnstratin, deplyment) plan fr energy sustainability and security. The RD3 plan shuld be created by a multi-agency, multi-sectral prcess, invlving the Natinal Academies f Science and Engineering. (Natinal Academies f Sciences and Engineering) 12

14 Cngress shuld apprpriate funds and direct research agencies and rganizatins t cllabrate t fund trans-disciplinary natural and scial science research int integrated energy systems. (C6-B11 p. 16) (Federal) C8-B22. Availability f technlgy t mitigate climate change Triple the level f federal funding fr strategic research t develp the next generatin f renewable energy and prductin energy technlgies with efficiencies t meet the gal at a cst that will enable their adptin by lesser develped ecnmies. (C8-B22) The CCTP (Climate Change Technlgy Prgram) shuld prvide the radmap fr prviding the balance f funding technlgies at the fundamental, strategic, and demnstratin levels and t prvide the crrect mix f participatin by gvernment, industry, and academia. (C8-B22) (Federal) C6-B1. Public Incentives vs. Market frces p. 5 The federal gvernment and thers shuld: Fund a multi-billin-dllar federal research and develpment prgram fr reducing carbn emissins in energy prductin Research n carbn capture and sequestratin, nuclear energy and renewables. (C6-B1 p. 5) Fund research investigating mitigatin and adaptatin strategies, including risks t castal areas. (C6-B1 p. 5) C6-B10. Agriculture and Bienergy- Achieving Sustainability p. 15 Cngress shuld fully fund bimass related prvisins f the 2005 Energy Plicy Act, including research at the levels f applied fundamentals, innvatin, and demnstratin as well as cmmercializatin supprt. (C6-B10 p. 15) C6- B15. Why d peple make the decisins they d?- Capitalizing n the Scial Sciences p. 20 The gvernment shuld explre ptential surces f private funding and partnerships (including nn-traditinal partnerships ) fr energy research. Research pririties shuld include: Better ways t cmmunicate energy cnsumptin t individuals and cmmunities and hw cnsumptin affects climate change, (C6-B15 p. 20) Determining what kinds f feedback mechanisms and infrmatin streams are effective in changing energy cnsumptin(c6-b15 p. 20) Scial science research t identify the underlying tensins and pprtunities assciated with the discussin f energy issues by varius stakehlders. (C6-B15 p. 20) C7-B11. Energy, Air Quality, and Health p. 17 Gvernment needs t cnsider the full range f incentives (e.g. marketing campaigns, fuel ecnmy standards, rebates, taxes) t the private sectr t invest in disseminatin f cleaner energy technlgies, including funding fr the Natinal Research Energy Labratry. (C7-B11 p. 17) (Federal) Infrastructure C6-B3. Cmmunity Planning p. 7 Natinal labs and ther research rganizatins shuld pursue technlgy research t ptimize use f lcally available renewable energy resurces (such as landfills, municipal wastewater treatment plants, and bimass). (C6-B3 p. 7) C6-B9. Assessing Energy Impacts n the Envirnment and Peple. P. 13 Mre research is needed n the envirnmental impacts f dam remval and decmmissin f ther generatin prjects (C6-B9 p. 13) 13

15 FORECASTING Funding C5-B8. Crss-Sectinal Cnnectin: Engaging the private sectr as a partner with the gvernment p. 54 The federal gvernment shuld create a prgram mdeled after the small business incentives fr research prgram t prvide transitinal funding fr cmmercializatin f large scale frecasting systems. (C5-B8. p. 54) (Federal) Biinfrmatics and Ecinfrmatics C5-B11. Wrking acrss spatial scales: frm mlecular t glbal p Federal agencies shuld supprt research t identify imprtant knwledge gaps in envirnmental frecasting based n mlecular prcesses. (C5-B11. p ) (Federal) Federal agencies shuld increase supprt fr biinfrmatics research n geneenvirnment interactins: An interagency initiative shuld be established t explre variatins in gene expressin and ther mlecular prcesses acrss the envirnmental range f an imprtant species. (C5-B11. p ) (Federal) C5-B16. Examining the rle f ec-infrmatics in envirnmental decisinmaking. P Science agencies shuld wrk mre clsely with academia t create and sustain a viable natinal frum n the nexus between research and innvatin in the area f ec-infrmatics and frecasting. (C5-B16 p ) (General Agencies) Data Capture C5-B12. Frecasting envirnmental change f the landscape at a reginal scale p Science agencies shuld supprt research and tls that imprve ur ability t incrprate nnlinearity, feedback, and threshld changes in reginal envirnmental frecasting. (C5-B12 p ) (Federal) Science agencies and universities shuld increase supprt fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research and educatin reginally. (C5-B12 p ) (Federal) C5-B14. Facilitating the develpment f envirnmental sensrs and sensr netwrks. P. 60 Researchers shuld recgnize and address challenges in the brad deplyment f sensrs and sensr netwrks that wuld prvide data fr fundamental research, mdeling, frecasting, and decisin-making. Challenges include capturing adequately the spatial and tempral variability f the envirnment, cnsistent measurements acrss varius media (e.g., nitrate in water, sils, and air), lng term cntinuity, sensr cmparability, and system and sensr integrity (e.g. bifuling r failure) (C5-B14 p. 60) Fundamental research is needed t achieve rbust cupling f sensrs, mdeling and frecasting. Advances in cyber-infrastructure are needed t effectively capture data frm sensrs and incrprate data int mdels. Tls need t be develped t better simulate, visualize, and make predictins and cmmunicate results t the full range f users. (C5-B14 p. 60) C5-B15. Fusin and integratin f satellite remte sensing and grund-based bservatins and presentatin fr envirnmental plicy The natural resurce research, management, and regulatry cmmunities shuld place greater emphasis n the generatin, interpretatin, and integratin f gebtanical remte sensing and grund-based data fr use by envirnmental decisinmakers. (C5-B15 p ) 14

16 Researchers shuld develp data visualizatin techniques fr presentatin f integrated satellite remte sensing and grund based data t high level decisinmakers. (C5-B15 p ) GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Adaptatin C8-B15. Human ppulatin and demgraphics: Can stabilizing ppulatin help stabilize the climate? Prmte utcme-riented research t influence climate change adaptatin, and imprve efficiency f prjects based n African pririties. (C8-B15) C8-B21. The US Glbal Change Research Prgram (USGCRP)- What d we want frm the next administratin Enhance fcus n adaptatin research and mitigatin research and respnse strategies. (C8-B21) Enhance research, assessment, and cmmunicatin activities at reginal-t-lcal scales. (C8-B21) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Agencies shuld fund research n: The relatinships between climate change and disaster preparedness, including small frequent disasters since their effects accumulate. (C7-B13 p.20) (NOAA, CDC, DHS). Interdisciplinary C8-B5. Mitigating Greenhuse Gases ther than CO 2 Imprve research and understanding regarding c-benefits and the range f envirnmental impacts assciated with the interrelatinships between air quality and climate change.(c8-b5) C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 9 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld enhance incentives fr interdisciplinary research integrating natural and scial sciences. (C1 p. 9) (NSF) Federal agencies shuld fund lng term bservatinal and research effrts thrugh endwments established by Cngress ( yrs.) (C1 p. 9) (Federal) C6-B1. Public Incentives vs. Market frces p. 5 Universities and gvernment shuld establish research centers t supprt and integrate natural science and scial science research n csts f glbal climate change. (C6-B1 p. 5) Ppulatin C8-B15. Human ppulatin and demgraphics: Can stabilizing ppulatin help stabilize the climate? Study the csts f prviding universal access t vluntary family planning/reprductive health (FP/RH) services as a means t slw ppulatin grwth. (C8-B15) Develp an internatinal scientific research prgram t which gvernments, private entities, NGOs and academics bth in and ut f Africa can cntribute t develp fundamental natural science understanding fr sustainable develpment. (C8-B15) Develp greater understanding f climate change at the reginal t lcal scale, including bservatins, mdels, and verificatin f mdels. (C8-B15) 15

17 HEALTH (see als Bidiversity fr Bidiversity and Health) Alternatives and Preventin C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p Science agencies shuld increase investments in research that identifies alternative slutins and incentives as substitutes fr practices that are hazardus t human health and the envirnment. (C5-B10 p ) C3. Planetary Health p. 37 Scientific research prgrams fcused n health and medicine shuld shift their fcus and funding supprt frm searches fr reactive cures t research n causatin, preventin, and health prmtin. (C3 p. 37) C3. Ppulatin Envirnment p. 38 Research and training initiative n water Natinal Institute f Child Health and Human Develpment (NICHD) shuld cllabrate with ther current and ptential funders such as NSF t develp and fund a new multi-year, multidisciplinary research and training initiative fcused n water. This initiative wuld help achieve the Millennium Develpment gal t halve the prprtin f peple withut access t safe drinking water by 2015 and the Wrld Summit n Sustainable Develpment gal t halve the prprtin f peple withut access t sanitatin by (C3 p. 38) (NICHD) (NSF) C7-B10. Scially-Mediated Linkages Between Resurce Depletin and Health p. 16 Envirnmental and cmmunity health researchers shuld develp a balanced and priritized research agenda with the bjective f mdeling scial interactins t create mdels fr planners that wuld prject the effects f natural disasters and the rle f scial linkages in respnse. (C7-B10 p. 16) C7-B16. Eclgy and Epidemilgy p. 24 NIEHS shuld fund mre research n the integratin f eclgy and disease (e.g., disease vectrs). (C7-B16 p. 24) (NIEHS) Impacts C6-B9. Assessing Energy Impacts n the Envirnment and Peple. P. 13 Basic research is needed n the extent and impact f expsure t emissins n human health and eclgical systems. (C6-B9 p. 13) C7-B1. Integrating Envirnment, Culture, and Well-being p. 5 Researchers and scientists shuld make science n envirnmental health issues mre understandable (C7-B1 p. 5) Federal agencies shuld supprt research t investigate the linkages amng human health, cultural health, healthy gvernance, and ecsystem health. (C7- B1 p. 5) (Federal) C7-B3. Ppulatin, Gender, Justice, and Health p. 7 Gvernments and private and public funders shuld prmte trans-disciplinary research n the interactins f ppulatin, gender, envirnmental change, justice and health. (C7-B3 p. 7) The research cmmunity and the U.S. gvernment shuld mnitr and evaluate the evlutin f internatinal wrk n the intersectin f envirnment, health and human rights. A database f internatinal law and principles f the right t a healthy envirnment shuld be maintained. (C7-B3 p. 7) All scientific research n the impacts f envirnmental txins n the human bdy shuld cnsider impacts n wmen as well as men, and especially n wmen wh are pregnant f breastfeeding. (C7-B3 p. 7) C7-B4. The Natural Envirnment, Built Envirnment, and Scial Envirnment. P. 8 16

18 Federal agencies shuld supprt cllabrative research int the relatinships between human habitats and healthy peple. (C7-B4 p. 8) (General Agencies) Federal Agencies shuld actively supprt research int the disparities f health impacts related t the physical envirnment. (C7-B4 p. 8) (General Agencies) C7-B11. Energy, Air Quality, and Health p. 17 The EPA shuld create a stable but ambitius regulatry climate that encurages technlgical innvatins, mnitring, and lng term research abut the health effects f energy chices. (C7-B11 p. 17) (EPA) C7- B17. Eclgical and Human Health Risk Assessment and Health Impact Assessment f develpment plicies, prgrams, and prjects p. 24 Funding agencies and universities shuld increase research that prvides insights int effects f cmbinatins f bilgical, chemical, physical, and psychlgical stressrs n a variable ppulatin and understanding methds f actin fr individual chemicals. (C7-B17 p. 24) C8-B35 Climate Change and Human Health: Engaging the Public Health Cmmunity Cngress shuld substantially increase funding fr research n health impacts f climate change. (C8-B35) (Federal) Metrics C7-B22. Designing fr cmplementarity amng prgrams generating envirnmental and health infrmatin p. 30 As human health data and infrmatin are cllected under specific use and disclsure prtectins, the Natinal Science and Technlgy Cuncil (NSTC) shuld direct its participating agencies t develp wrkable appraches and mdels fr advancing synthesis f their envirnmental health research data and infrmatin. (C7-B22 p. 30) (NSTC) The OSTP shuld request that the natinal academies cnduct a case study using the integratin f multidisciplinary research in climate as an example f integratin acrss stressrs (that is, disease, land use/land change, and pllutin.) (C7-B22 p. 30) (OSTP) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 HHS, NIH/NLM, CDC, NOAA, FSW, USFS, USGS, state agencies, and private rganizatins such as Ggle shuld develp a methdlgy and database fr health risk management and mitigatin measures. (C7-B13 p.20) (General Agencies) C7-B23. Measuring the Outcmes f Plicies and Prgrams p. 31 CDC, NIH, and AHRQ need t fund and cnduct a pilt prject t determine whether current datasets and tls are adequate fr envirnmental health utcmes and, if nt, what shuld be measured. The pilt prject needs t link envirnmental expsure data t health data. (C7-B23 p. 31) (CDC) (NIH) (AHRQ) INDICATORS C2. Sustainable Cmmunity Indicatrs: Experiences, Lessns Learned, and Evlving Opprtunities in the United States p. 22 Thse wh develp indicatrs shuld assist in setting the research agenda, participate in research, and use scientific results. (C2 p. 22) Research is needed t understand and remve barriers, including infrmatin gaps, t the effective implementatin and use f indicatrs, especially in the area f equity and scial and ecnmic well being f cmmunities. (C2 p. 22) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p Science agencies shuld increase investments in research that identifies meaningful indicatrs f human health, animal health, and envirnmental change 17

19 that can be useful n a lcal level and that may have glbal implicatins. (C5- B10 p ) C6-B9. Assessing Energy Impacts n the Envirnment and Peple. P. 13 Research is needed t quantify the acute and chrnic cumulative impacts f multiple stressrs n the envirnment and t quantify the direct and indirect impacts f energy prductin. (C6-B9 p. 13) INTERDISCIPLINARY C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld further recgnize the value f interdisciplinary envirnmental research and increase funding fr research n cmplex envirnmental systems, including NSF s pririty area n bicmplexity in the envirnment. (C5-B10 p ) (NSF) NOAA and ther missin agencies shuld increase investments in and supprt fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research. (C5-B10 p ) (NOAA) Science agencies shuld increase funding fr scial science research t better understand the envirnmental decisin-making prcesses. (C5-B10 p ) C5-B13. Wrking acrss tempral scales- integrating shrt-term and lng-term appraches p. 59 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld supprt scial science research n the perceived value f ecsystem services t varius scietal cmpnents as well as the factrs that affect the credibility f an eclgical frecast. (C5-B13 p. 59) (NSF) C7- B20. Jurnalists, Mass Media, and Decisin-making p. 28 The trend f gvernment agencies mnitring interviews and preventing access t publicly-funded scientists shuld be reversed. Publicly-funded researchers shuld nt be barred frm talking with jurnalists r the public. Publicly-funded research shuld nt be sequestered. (C7-B20 p. 28) SECURITY C3. Envirnmental Security p. 27 Funding agencies like the Natinal Science Fundatin shuld supprt multidisciplinary research n the cmplex scial, plitical, ecnmic, and cultural relatinship inherent in envirnmental security issues. (C3 p. 27) (NSF) Federal resurce management agencies and educatinal institutins jintly shuld develp cncrete strategies and tls aimed at critical analysis, understanding, and interpretatin f cmplex ecsystem interactins and dynamic relatinships. (C3 p. 27) (Federal) C3. Gegraphic Learning p. 28 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld cntinue t expand its apprach tward integrative sciences by including a fcus n envirnmental sustainability in every prgram annuncement. (C3 p. 28) (NSF) WATER Data Cllectin C4- Prtecting and Restring Estuaries p Cnduct estuary research and educatin prgrams with an awareness that the dynamics and health f estuaries are intimately tied t the dynamics f the watersheds that feed them. (C4 p ) Encurage Cngress t increase funding fr innvative research effrts such as thse that are fcused n develping new tls fr understanding estuary systems (i.e., envirnmental and ecnmic mdeling, GIS, LIDAR), lng term 18

20 mnitring, analysis and synthesis acrss federal, lcal, state, and tribal gvernments and agencies. (C4 p ) (Federal) Decisin-making C4- Research and data needs fr better decisin-making n water quality p. 46 Prvide mre useful research and infrmatin by: Cnnecting envirnmental cnditins t human health research. (C4 p. 46) Cnsidering scale in ging frm small watersheds t large watersheds f plicy interest. (C4 p. 46) Making mdels flexible t incrprate emerging science and targeted t key management decisins. (C4 p. 46) Develping remte sensing technlgies fr the study f water quality. (C4 p. 46) C8-B15. Human ppulatin and demgraphics: Can stabilizing ppulatin help stabilize the climate? Study climate change impacts n water resurces and infrastructure fr water systems. (C8-B15) Ecnmics C4- Managing Demand fr Water p. 42 Cnduct additinal research t imprve understanding f the risks, csts, and benefits f water reuse and recycling technlgies and t identify gvernmental (lcal, reginal, etc.) mechanisms that facilitate the adptin f reuse/recycling technlgies. Emphasis shuld be placed n disseminating existing and future research findings t relevant entities and rganizatins. (C4 p. 42) Cnduct research t identify impediments t adpting prgressive rate structures (i.e., cnservatin-rientated) and publicize successful applicatins f such. In additin, cnduct research t determine the effectiveness f incentives such as pricing t change water use behavir. (C4 p. 42) Cnduct research t identify gd examples f existing and/r ptential institutinal mechanisms that allcate water efficiently and equitably, including the cncept f intergeneratinal equity. (C4 p. 42) Health C7-B6. The Ocean and Human Health p Scientists need t develp integrated cnceptual mdels extending frm ceangraphy thrugh rganismal bilgy, health effects/risks, and ecnmic effects/envirnmental valuatin t help predict and priritize envirnmental health activities. (C7-B6 p ) Federal agencies shuld ensure that cean bserving systems are cnstructed as vehicles that rganize, cmmunicate and analyze data, as well as cllect it, leading t interdisciplinary systems analysis, predictins, and plicy recmmendatins. Envirnmental scientists shuld wrk with physicists and IT specialists t design and lcate the bserving systems, including instrumentatin fr cean bserving systems, s that they will prduce data t fit the scientific questins and prblems n envirnmental and human health. NRC, NOAA, NASA, CDC, USGS, and ther federal agencies shuld standardize sensing and mnitring data including epidemilgical infrmatin frm human and animal ppulatins. (C7-B6 p ) (NRC) (NOAA) (NASA) (CDC) (UGS) (General Agencies) Pllutin Preventin C4- Cntrl f nn-pint surce pllutin p. 44 Develp research mdels and tls t implement a n-net-runff plicy and t make assciated changes in planning and zning requirements (C4 p. 44) C4- Water infrastructure needs fr the 21st century p

21 Encurage USDA and EPA t fund research in methds t prevent pllutin as ppsed t treat pllutin in rder t meet envirnmental and health regulatins. (C4 p. 44) Use C4- Allcating water fr peple and ecsystems p. 40 Encurage federal agencies t cnduct research n hw peple use water and hw scial sciences can be used t better infrm public chices abut water use. (C4 p. 40) (Federal) C4- Ecnmics f sustainable water use. P. 43 Supprt research that yields: Ways t capture and equitably distribute csts f envirnmental degradatin. (C4 p. 43) Imprved understanding f the life cycle cst f decisins and metrics (rigrus and transparent) t measure this. (C4 p. 43) Mre accurate measurement f the impacts f subsidies and value f ecsystem services (e.g., Arizna Prject). (C4 p. 43) Opprtunities t create enfrceable and transferable rights t water. Ecnmic methdlgies t determine the ttal csts and benefits f water use except fr drinking and sanitatin services. (C4 p. 43) Pricing schemes that best establish market incentives fr envirnmental sustainability and equitable and efficient water use, nting the imprtance f cnsidering ppulatin grwth and lcatin chice. (C4 p. 43) Wastewater C4- Water, sanitatin, and human health p. 43 Research n apprpriate technlgies shuld be cnducted, including n distributed waste water treatment facilities, and develp imprved methds fr measuring ppulatin health and vulnerability. (C4 p. 43) The prevalence f water-related diseases shuld be researched, evaluated, and estimated, including micrbial diseases and chrnic diseases caused by nnmicrbial cntaminants. (C4 p. 43) Research t investigate the mst effective methds fr deplying U.S. financial resurces t significantly imprve drinking water quality arund the wrld, aiming at financial sustainability and lw cst water treatments. (C4 p. 43) C4- Water infrastructure needs fr the 21st century p. 44 Encurage the federal gvernment t supprt research t bth identify and treat newer pllutants (e.g., drugs, endcrine disruptrs) and bilgical agents and t identify the effects f these pllutants and agents n humans and animals. (C4 p. 44) (USDA) (EPA) Encurage the federal gvernment t supprt research int the identificatin f impacts f water and wastewater treatment prcesses thrugh their life cycle, including impacts f the peratin f these treatment facilities n the lcal envirnment. (C4 p. 44) C7-B5. Eclgy f Water and Health p. 9 Public and private funding shuld be encuraged t address systems research n chemical synergies in the envirnment, cntaminants, and diseases (e.g., air/water interface), including the tls needed t mnitr envirnmental effects. (C7-B5 p. 9) 20

22 CHAPTER 2: Educatin Recmmendatins by Tpic BUSINESS Clearinghuse C6-B13. Cnsumer and Decisinmaker Educatin p. 18 There shuld be a federal clearinghuse fr energy cnsumer educatin and marketing infrmatin (DOE tgether with EPA), because there is s much infrmatin that it is hard t find and access. (C6-B13 p. 18) TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Educatinal Materials C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld prmte the disseminatin and use f the Nrth American Assciatin fr Envirnmental Educatin (NAAEE) Guidelines fr Excellence in EE t ensure that scientifically accurate and instructinally sund EE materials are used by educatrs. (C1 p. 18) (EPA, NSF, DOED) C3. Teacher Prfessinal Develpment, The Link t Success (and Change) in Educatin: Transfrming Prfessinal Develpment with Teachers p. 43 Federal and state departments f educatin shuld supprt the develpment and disseminatin f high quality materials t all districts, including thse with the mst need and the mst t gain frm alternative, but effective, methds f instructin. (C3 p. 44) GENERAL C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) and ther federal agencies shuld increase supprt fr EE curriculum develpment and disseminatin thrugh nn-frmal educatin prgrams such as 4-H, scuting, zs, aquariums, nature centers, museums, etc. (C1 p. 18) (NSF, EPA) C8-B18. Castal Management and Climate Change Cngress shuld fund educatin prgrams supprting integrated natural science and public plicy t develp and acquire curricula specific t reginal climate impacts at K-12 thrugh university levels. (C8-B18) (Federal Gvernment) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p. 56 Federal agencies shuld allcate significant funding fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research that incrprates physical and scial sciences and lcal knwledge in ways that build lcal capacity t better manage lcal resurces. This research shuld be used t understand brader gegraphic impacts and t develp r supprt public educatin campaigns. HEALTH Public Health C7-B19. Bringing Health int Envirnmental Educatin p. 27 Gvernment funding agencies and private funders shuld prvide supprt fr innvative initiatives that integrate envirnment and human health by: Adpting a mre cllabrative apprach t create prgrams that supprt interdisciplinary research n envirnment and human health educatin. (C7- B19 p. 27) 21

23 Incrprating training n the linkages between envirnment and human health, and abut systems thinking in all federal-spnsred public health training prgrams. (C7-B19 p. 27) C1. Bidiversity and Ecsystem Health p. 4 The federal gvernment shuld develp, sustain and crdinate a multi-agency prgram in disciplinary and interdisciplinary educatin and training abut natural resurces, including public educatin, K-12 and higher educatin, and prfessinal develpment. (C1. p. 4) HIGHER EDUCATION Interdisciplinary educatin and training C5-B1. Cnnecting frecasts with plicymakers p. 48 Clleges, universities, and funding agencies shuld prvide incentives fr interdisciplinary training f students. (C5-B1 p. 48) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p. 56 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld expand and increase supprt fr prgrams that fster cllabrative interdisciplinary integratin such as the Integrated Graduate Educatin, Research and Training (IGERT) prgram. Federal agencies shuld allcate significant funding fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research that incrprates physical and scial sciences and lcal knwledge in ways that build lcal capacity t better manage lcal resurces. This research shuld be used t understand brader gegraphic impacts and t develp r supprt public educatin campaigns. C1. Higher Educatin p. 12 T better understand the cncept f sustainability and t fster faculty and student invlvement, funding shuld be increased fr curriculum develpment, graduate studies, and fellwships. This funding shuld: Encurage develpment and evaluatin f interdisciplinary curricula and supprt their disseminatin (C1 p. 12) Prvide pprtunities fr students t learn ff-campus in lcal cmmunities. (C1 p. 12) NSF shuld fund training and research prjects n sustainability and its integratin int different aspects f university life by: Prviding bite-sized grants (grants fr smaller prjects n the rder f $10,000 each.) (C1 p. 12) (NSF) Funding graduate student traineeships and fellwships in areas relating t sustainability. (C1 p. 12) (NSF) Funding research n hw t measure sustainability. (C1 p. 12) (NSF) Supprt culturally-sensitive transfer f knwledge amng peple in different scieties. (C1 p. 12) (NSF) K-12 EDUCATION Curriculum C1. Sustainable Resurce Management p. 20 The Department f Educatin, the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), and the Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld supprt educatin and training, including curriculum develpment n sustainability fr teachers f grades K-12. (C1 p. 20) (DED, EPA, NSF) C3. Diversity, Human Diversity in Educatin fr a Sustainable and Secure Future p. 23 Educatin Abut Diversity A natinal K-12 curriculum shuld be develped and implemented that is tied t a measurable set f envirnmentally-fcused learning bjectives and 22

24 includes recgnitin f human diversity f students, faculty, cmmunities, and sciety as a whle. (C3 p. 23) C3. K-12 Implementatin, Integrating Envirnment and Sustainability acrss the K-12 Educatinal Enterprise p. 33 Plicy Federal and state gvernments shuld include standards fr and apprpriate assessment f cmprehensin f envirnmental and sustainability cncepts and issues. (C3 p. 33) (Federal Gvernment) C6-B17. Glbal and U.S. Perspectives n the Prspects fr Renewable Energy p. 22 The U.S. Department f Educatin shuld use new state assessment tests t include renewable energy in the curriculum (science literacy standards t include renewable energy). (C6-B17 p. 22) (DED) Funding C3. K-12 Cntent, Identificatin f Essential Learning p. 32 Funding Funding and ther resurces fr educatrs thrughut the educatinal system shuld be increased t allw fr the develpment and incrpratin f sustainability cncepts int educatinal materials and practices. (C3 p. 32) C7-B9. Children s Minds: Envirnment, Develpment, and Mental Functin p. 15 Cngress shuld pass Healthy and High Perfrmance Schl legislatin and ensure that every schl has the funding t meet these standards. (C7-B9 p. 15) (Cngress) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p. 56 Federal agencies shuld allcate significant funding fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research that incrprates physical and scial sciences and lcal knwledge in ways that build lcal capacity t better manage lcal resurces. This research shuld be used t understand brader gegraphic impacts and t develp r supprt public educatin campaigns. Fr example: The U.S. Department f Educatin and ther educatin agencies shuld supprt interdisciplinary studies (integrating natural and scial sciences) at the primary and secndary educatin levels. Relevant fields f study include human and physical gegraphy, bigegraphy, sustainability (including resurce cnsumptin), and eclgy. (C5-B10 p. 57) (DED) General C1. Federal Gvernment Structure p. 7 Scientists and plicymakers need t be educated bradly and must understand each ther s disciplines and perspectives. (C1 p. 7) C3. Teacher Prfessinal Develpment, The Link t Success (and Change) in Educatin: Transfrming Prfessinal Develpment with Teachers p. 43 Overarching recmmendatin: Plicymakers and decisinmakers need t be educated abut the issues facing educatin prfessinals, and shuld supprt current exemplary effrts t imprve the educatin systems in their areas and natinwide. (C3 p. 44) PUBLIC EDUCATION Cmmunity Educatin C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), U.S. Department f Energy (DOED), and Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld cperatively develp and implement a yearly assessment f public envirnmental knwledge (expanded frm the existing NEEF/Rper Starch Survey). (C1 p. 18) (EPA, DOED, NSF) C7-B21. Innvative Uses f Infrmatin Technlgy p. 29 The President shuld establish a gvernmental cnsrtium t crdinate envirnment and health infrmatin and fster public utreach and training, in 23

25 persn r nline. This cnsrtium shuld create incentives fr such public educatin and the disseminatin f infrmatin. (C7-B21 p. 29) C6-B13. Cnsumer and Decisinmaker Educatin p. 18 U.S. Department f Energy shuld implement the new energy educatin initiative in the Energy Plicy Act f (C6-B13 p. 18) (NCSE, DOE) Funding C1. Public Educatin p. 18 The Administratin shuld make envirnmental educatin (EE) a tp pririty and encurage and fund EE partnership prgrams invlving federal agencies, and state, tribal, lcal and private rganizatins. (C1 p. 18) (Federal) TEACHERS Supprt C3. Teacher Prfessinal Develpment, The Link t Success (and Change) in Educatin: Transfrming Prfessinal Develpment with Teachers p. 43 Overarching recmmendatin The federal gvernment shuld prvide supprt fr a seamless cntinuum f prfessinal develpment frm aspiring educatrs t master practitiners in sustainability and envirnmental educatin thrugh the fllwing: Cntinuing Prfessinal Develpment Teachers shuld receive higher cmpensatin and increased classrm supprt based n self-initiatin f prfessinal develpment and wrking in particularly challenging schl systems. (C3 p. 43) (Federal Gvernment) All educatrs shuld have access t exemplary materials and resurces including funding fr ff-site prgrams. (C3 p. 43) (Federal Gvernment) Resurces Cmmunities must aid teachers, schls and districts in prviding the best experiences and instructin fr their students and creating safe learning envirnments that imprve the perfrmance and behavir f students. Supprt can be prvided in a variety f ways, including cash, materials, tls, skills, mentring, and ther resurces. (C3 p. 44) (Federal) Fr urban educatrs in particular, funding shuld be available t use the envirnment as an integrated cntext fr student instructin. (C3 p. 44) (Federal) C3. Undergraduate Educatin, Transfrming Undergraduate Educatin fr Envirnment Sustainability p. 45 Training C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld encurage and supprt the availability f pre-service and in-service teacher training in EE fr all teachers. (C1 p. 18) (EPA, NSF, DOED) C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 8 The NSF and the Department f Energy (DOE) shuld fund teacher training prgrams in glbal envirnmental change that invlve internatinal cmpnents. (C1 p. 9) (NSF, DOE) Cngress shuld reauthrize the 1990 Envirnmental Educatin Act and increase the funding in this area by at least an rder f magnitude. (C1 p. 18) 24

26 TOOLS Clearinghuse C3. Educatinal Research, Suggested Guidelines fr Educatin fr Sustainable Develpment Research p. 24 Cmmunicatin There shuld be a clearinghuse dedicated t ESD, which shuld include prgram evaluatins as well as basic research. (C3 p. 25) This verall strategy f prmtin f the ESD research agenda shuld engage researchers, practitiners, and users f the data frm many different disciplines. (C3 p. 25) C3. Gegraphic Learning, Designing Natinal Prgrams fr Lcal and Glbal Impacts p. 28 Natinal Clearinghuse There shuld be a natinal clearinghuse n sustainability educatin s that peple can find mentrs, practices, curriculum, and ther resurces. (C3 p. 28) C3. Green Campuses, Creating Green Campuses: Practicing What We Teach p. 30 Infrmatin clearinghuse There shuld be an internatinal clearinghuse fr infrmatin abut campus and cmmunity sustainability prjects. (C3 p. 30) C3. Sustainability-Security Curricula, Develping Curricula t Integrate Sustainability and Security p. 41 Electrnic clearinghuse There shuld be a natinal web-based resurces fr life-lng sustainability educatin, including case studies f what wrks. (C3 p. 41) Envirnmental Cmmunicatin C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), in cperatin with U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED), shuld assist states in integrating envirnmental literacy assessments in their n-ging state assessments in rder t develp baseline data n student envirnmental literacy. (C1 p. 18) (EPA, DOED) 25

27 Research Recmmendatins by Department and Agency Agency fr Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) C7-B23. Measuring the Outcmes f Plicies and Prgrams p. 31 CDC, NIH, and AHRQ need t fund and cnduct a pilt prject t determine whether current datasets and tls are adequate fr envirnmental health utcmes and, if nt, what shuld be measured. The pilt prject needs t link envirnmental expsure data t health data. (C7-B23 p. 31) (CDC) (NIH) (AHRQ) Center fr Disease Cntrl (CDC) C7-B4. The Natural Envirnment, Built Envirnment, and Scial Envirnment. P. 8 Federal agencies (like CDC and EPA) shuld duble research supprt that seeks t identify health cnsequences f living in sustainable cmmunities and in sprawling cmmunities. (C7-B4 p. 8) (CDC) (EPA) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Agencies shuld fund research n: The relatinships between climate change and disaster preparedness (even small frequent disasters because their effects accumulate. (C7- B13 p.20) (NOAA, CDC, DHS). C7-B23. Measuring the Outcmes f Plicies and Prgrams p. 31 CDC, NIH, and AHRQ need t fund and cnduct a pilt prject t determine whether current datasets and tls are adequate fr envirnmental health utcmes and, if nt, what shuld be measured. The pilt prject needs t link envirnmental expsure data t health data. (C7-B23 p. 31) (CDC) (NIH) (AHRQ) Climate Change Technlgy Prgram (CCTP) C8-B22. Availability f technlgy t mitigate climate change The CCTP (Climate Change Technlgy Prgram) shuld prvide the radmap fr prviding the balance f funding technlgies at the fundamental, strategic, and demnstratin levels and t prvide the crrect mix f participatin by gvernment, industry, and academia. (C8-B22) (Federal) Department f Cmmerce (DOC) C6-B3. Cmmunity Planning p. 7 The Departments f Cmmerce and Energy shuld spnsr mre research thrugh universities, natinal labs, and ther research institutins n the impact f individual business decisins n lcal land use patterns, t build the business case fr energy efficient land use planning. (C6-B3 p. 7) (Department f Cmmerce) Department f Educatin (DOED) C3 Undergraduate Educatin p. 46 The Natinal Science Fundatin, Department f Educatin and philanthrpic fundatins shuld supprt research n and assessment f the impact and effectiveness f sustainability educatin, research, and peratins in higher educatin. (C3 p. 46) (NSF) (Department f Educatin and Fundatins) Department f Energy (DOE) C6-B3. Cmmunity Planning p. 7 The Departments f Cmmerce and Energy shuld spnsr mre research thrugh universities, natinal labs, and ther research institutins n the impact f individual business decisins n lcal land use patterns, t build the business 26

28 case fr energy efficient land use planning. (C6-B3 p. 7) (Department f Cmmerce) Department f Hmeland Security C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Agencies shuld fund research n: The relatinships between climate change and disaster preparedness (even small frequent disasters because their effects accumulate. (C7- B13 p.20) (NOAA, CDC, DHS). Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) C7-B4. The Natural Envirnment, Built Envirnment, and Scial Envirnment. P. 8 Federal agencies (like CDC and EPA) shuld duble research supprt that seeks t identify health cnsequences f living in sustainable cmmunities and in sprawling cmmunities. (C7-B4 p. 8) (CDC) (EPA) C7-B11. Energy, Air Quality, and Health p. 17 The EPA shuld create a stable but ambitius regulatry climate that encurages technlgical innvatins mnitring, and lng term research abut the health effects f energy chices. (C7-B11 p. 17) (EPA) C4- Water infrastructure needs fr the 21st century p. 44 Encurage USDA and EPA t fund research in methds t prevent pllutin as ppsed t treat pllutin in rder t meet envirnmental and health regulatins. (C4 p. 44) Encurage the federal gvernment t supprt research t bth identify and treat newer pllutants (e.g., drugs, endcrine disruptrs) and bilgical agents and t identify the effects f these pllutants and agents n humans and animals. (C4 p. 44) (USDA) (EPA) Federal Gvernment (unspecified) C6-B1. Public Incentives vs. Market frces p. 5 The federal gvernment and thers shuld: fund a multi-billin-dllar federal research and develpment prgram fr reducing carbn emissins in energy prductin Research n carbn capture and sequestratin, nuclear energy and renewables. (C6-B1 p. 5) Fund research investigating mitigatin and adaptatin strategies, including risks t castal areas. (C6-B1 p. 5) (federal) C7-B11. Energy, Air Quality, and Health p. 17 Gvernment needs t cnsider the full range f incentives (e.g. marketing campaigns, fuel ecnmy standards, rebates, taxes) t the private sectr t invest in disseminatin f cleaner energy technlgies, including funding fr the natinal research energy labratry. (C7-B11 p. 17) (Federal) C5-B8. Crss-Sectinal Cnnectin: Engaging the private sectr as a partner with the gvernment p. 54 The federal gvernment shuld create a prgram mdeled after the small business incentives fr research prgram t prvide transitinal funding fr cmmercializatin f large scale frecasting systems. (C5-B8 p. 54) (Federal) C5-B11. Wrking acrss spatial scales: frm mlecular t glbal p Federal agencies shuld supprt research t identify imprtant knwledge gaps in envirnmental frecasting based n mlecular prcesses. (C5-B11 p ) (Federal) Federal agencies shuld increase supprt fr biinfrmatics research n geneenvirnment interactins: An interagency initiative shuld be established t explre variatins in gene expressin and ther mlecular prcesses acrss the 27

29 envirnmental range f an imprtant species. (C5-B11 p ) (Federal) C5-B12. Frecasting envirnmental change f the landscape at a reginal scale p Federal science agencies shuld supprt research and tls that imprve ur ability t incrprate nnlinearity, feedback, and threshld changes in reginal envirnmental frecasting. (C5-B12 p ) (Federal) Federal science agencies and universities shuld increase supprt fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research and educatin reginally. (C5-B12 p ) (Federal) C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 9 Federal agencies need t fund lng term bservatinal and research effrts thrugh endwments established by Cngress ( yrs) (C1 p. 9) (Federal) C8-B35. Climate Change and Human Health: Engaging the Public Health Cmmunity Cngress shuld substantially increase funding fr research n health impacts f climate change. (C8-B35) (Federal) C7-B1. Integrating Envirnment, Culture, and Well-being p. 5 Federal agencies shuld supprt research t investigate the linkages amng human health, cultural health, healthy gvernance, and ecsystem health. (C7- B1 p. 5) (Federal) C3. Envirnmental Security p. 27 Federal resurce management agencies and educatinal institutins jintly shuld develp cncrete strategies and tls aimed at critical analysis, understanding, and interpretatin f cmplex ecsystem interactins and dynamic relatinships, such as dynamic simulatin mdeling. (C3 p. 27) (Federal) C4- Prtecting and Restring Estuaries p Encurage Cngress t increase funding fr innvative research effrts such as thse that are fcused n develping new tls fr understanding estuarine systems (i.e., envirnmental and ecnmic mdeling, GIS, LIDAR), lng term mnitring, analysis and synthesis acrss federal, lcal, state, and tribal gvernments and agencies. (C4 p ) (Federal) C4- Allcating water fr peple and ecsystems p. 40 Encurage federal agencies t cnduct research n hw peple use water and hw scial sciences can be used t better infrm public chices abut water use. (C4 p. 40) (Federal) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Agencies shuld fund research n: Hw t strengthen critical infrastructure and study the effectiveness f restructuring existing hspital guidelines and physical facilities t imprve resilience f facilities (NSF, NIST, HHS, DHS, and DOT), (C7-B13 p.20) (NSF) (NIST) (HHS) (DHS) (DOT) C5-B16. Examining the rle f ec-infrmatics in envirnmental decisin-making. P U.S. science agencies shuld wrk mre clsely with academia t create and sustain a viable natinal frum n the nexus between research ad innvatin in the area f ec-infrmatics and frecasting. (C5-B16 p ) (General Agencies) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Federal agencies shuld explicitly utline funding prcedures and decisinsmaking prcesses fr risk management f human and ecsystem health hazards. (C7-B13 p.20) (General Agencies) HHS, NIH/NLM, CDC, NOAA, FSW, USFS, USGS, state agencies, and private rganizatins such as Ggle shuld develp a methdlgy and database fr health risk management and mitigatin measures. (C7-B13 p.20) (General Agencies) 28

30 C7-B4. The Natural Envirnment, Built Envirnment, and Scial Envirnment. P. 8 Federal agencies shuld require cllabrative research int the relatinships between human habitats and healthy peple. (C7-B4 p. 8) (General Agencies) Federal Agencies shuld actively supprt research int the disparities f health impacts related t the physical envirnment. (C7-B4 p. 8) (General Agencies) Natinal Academy f Sciences (NAS) C8- B3. Animal Agriculture and Climate Change The Natinal Academy f Sciences shuld cnduct a study, leading t a natinal science-based dialgue t discuss hw meat cnsumptin, prcessing, packaging, and waste impact GHGs. (C8-B3) (NAS) C6-B11. Setting Research pririties: Wh? Hw? Why? p. 16 The U.S. must immediately establish a multi-year (decadal) research, develpment, demnstratin, deplyment (RD3) plan fr energy sustainability and security (C6-B11 p. 16) (Federal) The RD3 plan shuld be created by a multi-agency, multi-sectral prcess, invlving the Natinal Academies f Science and Engineering. (Natinal Academies f Sciences and Engineering) Cngress shuld apprpriate funds and direct research agencies and rganizatins t cllabrate t fund trans-disciplinary natural and scial science research int integrated energy systems. (C6-B11 p. 16) (NAS) Natinal Institutes f Health (NIH) C7-B23. Measuring the Outcmes f Plicies and Prgrams p. 31 CDC, NIH, and AHRQ need t fund and cnduct a pilt prject t determine whether current datasets and tls are adequate fr envirnmental health utcmes and, if nt, what shuld be measured. The pilt prject needs t link envirnmental expsure data t health data. (C7-B23 p. 31) (CDC) (NIH) (AHRQ) C7-B16. Eclgy and Epidemilgy p. 24 NIEHS shuld fund mre research n the integratin f eclgy and disease (e.g., disease vectrs). (C7-B16 p. 24) (NIEHS) C3-Ppulatin Envirnment p. 38 Research and training initiative n water Natinal Institute f Child Health and Human Develpment (NICHD) shuld cllabrate with ther current and ptential funders such as NSF t develp and fund a new multi-year, multidisciplinary research and training initiative fcus n water. This initiative wuld help achieve the Millennium Develpment gal t halve the prprtin f peple withut access t safe drinking water by 2015 and the Wrld Summit n Sustainable Develpment gal t halve the prprtin f peple withut access t sanitatin by (C3 p. 38) (NICHD) (NSF) (Wrld Summit n Sustainable Develpment) Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p NOAA and ther missin agencies shuld increase investments in and supprt fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research. (C5-B10 p ) (NOAA) C7-B13. Setting Research Pririties fr Health and the Envirnment p. 20 Agencies shuld fund research n: The relatinships between climate change and disaster preparedness (even small frequent disasters because their effects accumulate. (C7- B13 p.20) (NOAA, CDC, DHS). 29

31 C7-B6. The Ocean and Human Health p Federal agencies shuld ensure that cean bserving systems are cnstructed as vehicles that rganize, cmmunicate and analyze data, as well as cllect it, leading t interdisciplinary systems analysis and predictins/plicy recmmendatins. Envirnmental scientists shuld wrk with physicists/it specialists t design and lcate the bserving systems, including instrumentatin fr cean bserving systems, s that they will prduce data t fit the scientific questins/prblems n envirnmental/human health. NRC, NOAA, NASA, CDC, USGS, and ther federal agencies shuld standardize sensing and mnitring data including epidemilgical infrmatin frm human and animal ppulatins. (C7-B6 p ) (NRC) (NOAA) (NASA) (CDC) (UGS) (General Agencies) Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) C1. Envirnmental Implicatins f Bitechnlgy p. 5 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld create an initiative t fund multidisciplinary research and training t better understand the envirnmental implicatins f bitechnlgy, pssibly invlving ther federal agencies t prvide jint funding. (C1 p. 5) (NSF) C1. Higher Educatin p. 12 NSF shuld fund training and research prjects n sustainability and its integratin int different aspects f university life by: prviding bit sized grants (grants fr smaller prjects abut $10,000). (C1 p. 12) (NSF) funding graduate student traineeships and fellwships in areas relating t sustainability. (C1 p. 12) (NSF) funding research n hw t measure sustainability. (C1 p. 12) (NSF) C3 Undergraduate Educatin p. 46 The Natinal Science Fundatin, Department f Educatin and Fundatins shuld supprt research n and assessment f the impact and effectiveness f sustainability educatin, research, and peratins in higher educatin. (C3 p. 46) (NSF) (Department f Educatin and Fundatins) C3 Large Scale Cnservatin p. 34 The Natinal Science Fundatin, universities fundatins, and ther federal and state agencies shuld fund research n (C3 p. 34) (NSF): learning acrss geplitical, scial, and institutinal bundaries in rder t build capacity fr large-scale cnservatin C8-B10. Nuclear Energy: Using science t make hard chices NSF shuld fund further research in perceptin and cmmunicatin f nuclear and climate issues (C8-B10) (NSF) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld further recgnize the value f interdisciplinary envirnmental research and increase funding fr research n cmplex envirnmental systems, including NSF s pririty area n bicmplexity in the envirnment. (C5-B10 p ) (NSF) C5-B13. Wrking acrss tempral scales- integrating shrt-term and lng-term appraches p. 59 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld supprt scial science research n the perceived value f the ecsystem services t varius scietal cmpnents as well as the factrs that affect the credibility f an eclgical frecast (C5-B13 p. 59) (NSF) C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 9 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld enhance incentives fr interdisciplinary research integrating natural and scial sciences. (C1 p. 9) (NSF) 30

32 C3-Ppulatin Envirnment p. 38 Research and training initiative n water Natinal Institute f Child Health and Human Develpment (NICHD) shuld cllabrate with ther current and ptential funders such as NSF t develp and fund a new multi-year, multidisciplinary research and training initiative fcus n water. This initiative wuld help achieve the Millennium Develpment gal t halve the prprtin f peple withut access t safe drinking water by 2015 and the Wrld Summit n Sustainable Develpment gal t halve the prprtin f peple withut access t sanitatin by (C3 p. 38) (NICHD) (NSF) (Wrld Summit n Sustainable Develpment) C3. Gegraphic Learning p. 28 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld cntinue t expand its apprach tward integrative sciences by including a fcus n envirnmental sustainability in every prgram annuncement. (C3 p. 28) (NSF) C3. Envirnmental Security p. 27 Funding agencies like the Natinal Science Fundatin shuld supprt multidisciplinary research n the cmplex scial, plitical, ecnmic, and cultural relatinship inherent in envirnmental security issues. (C3 p. 27) Natinal Science and Technlgy Cuncil (NSTC) C7-B22. Designing fr Cmplementarity amng prgrams generating envirnmental and health infrmatin p. 30 As human health data and infrmatin are cllected under specific use and disclsure prtectins, the Natinal Science and Technlgy Cuncil (NSTC) shuld direct its participating agencies t develp wrkable appraches and mdels fr advancing synthesis f their envirnmental health research data and infrmatin. (C7-B22 p. 30) (NSTC) Office f Science and Technlgy Plicy (OSTP) C7-B22. Designing fr Cmplementarity amng prgrams generating envirnmental and health infrmatin p. 30 The OSTP shuld request that the natinal academies cnduct a case study using the integratin f multidisciplinary research in climate as an example f integratin acrss stressrs (that is, disease, land use/land change, and pllutin.) (C7-B22 p. 30) (OSTP) United States Department f Agriculture (USDA) C8-B4. Minimizing agricultural impacts n climate; minimizing climate impacts t agriculture Develp lng term data sets at the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) t quantify and understand the impacts f climate n agriculture. (C8- B4) (USDA) C6- B17. Glbal and U.S. perspectives n the prspects f renewable energy. P.22 USDA shuld supprt and cnduct serius research n industrial grwth f hemp as an energy prduct. (C6-B17 p. 22) (USDA) C4- Water infrastructure needs fr the 21st century p. 44 Encurage USDA and EPA t fund research in methds t prevent pllutin as ppsed t treat pllutin in rder t meet envirnmental and health regulatins. (C4 p. 44) Encurage the federal gvernment t supprt research t bth identify and treat newer pllutants (e.g., drugs, endcrine disruptrs) and bilgical agents and t identify the effects f these pllutants and agents n humans and animals. (C4 p. 44) (USDA) (EPA) 31

33 Educatin Initiatives by Department and Agency Cngress C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 8 Cngress shuld reauthrize the 1990 Envirnmental Educatin Act and increase the funding in this area by at least an rder f magnitude. (C1 p. 18) C8-B18. Castal Management and Climate Change Cngress shuld fund educatin prgrams supprting integrated natural science and public plicy t develp and acquire curricula specific t reginal climate impacts at K-12 thrugh university levels. (C8-B18) C7-B9. Children s Minds: Envirnment, Develpment, and Mental Functin p. 15 Cngress shuld pass Healthy and High Perfrmance Schl legislatin and ensure that every schl has the funding t meet these standards. (C7-B9 p. 15) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 The Administratin shuld make envirnmental educatin (EE) a tp pririty and encurage and fund EE partnership prgrams invlving federal agencies, and state, tribal, lcal and private rganizatins. (C1 p. 18) Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 NSF, EPA and ther federal agencies shuld increase supprt fr EE curriculum develpment and disseminatin thrugh nn-frmal educatin prgrams such as 4-H, scuting, zs, aquariums, nature centers, museums, etc. (C1 p. 18) Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld prmte the disseminatin and use f the Nrth American Assciatin fr Envirnmental Educatin (NAAEE) Guidelines fr Excellence in EE t ensure that scientifically accurate and instructinally sund EE materials are used by educatrs. (C1 p. 18) Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), U.S. Department f Energy (DOED), and Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld cperatively develp and implement a yearly assessment f public envirnmental knwledge (expanded frm the existing NEETF/Rper Starch Survey). (C1 p. 18) Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld encurage and supprt the availability f pre-service and in-service teacher training in EE fr all teachers. (C1 p. 18) Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), in cperatin with U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED), shuld assist states in integrating envirnmental literacy assessments in their n-ging state assessments in rder t develp baseline data n student envirnmental literacy. (C1 p. 18) C1. Sustainable Resurce Management p. 20 The Department f Educatin, the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), and the Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld supprt educatin and training, including curriculum develpment n sustainability fr teachers f grades K-12. (C1 p. 20) Federal Gvernment C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p. 56 Federal agencies shuld allcate significant funding fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research that incrprates physical and scial sciences and lcal knwledge in ways that build lcal capacity t better manage lcal resurces. This research shuld be used t understand brader gegraphic impacts and t develp r supprt public educatin campaigns. Fr example: 32

34 The U.S. Department f Educatin and ther educatin agencies shuld supprt interdisciplinary studies (integrating natural and scial sciences) at the primary and secndary educatin levels. Relevant fields f study include human and physical gegraphy, bigegraphy, sustainability (including resurce cnsumptin), and eclgy. (C5-B10 p. 57) C3. Teacher Prfessinal Develpment, The Link t Success (and Change) in Educatin: Transfrming Prfessinal Develpment with Teachers p. 43 Overarching recmmendatin The federal gvernment shuld prvide supprt fr a seamless cntinuum f prfessinal develpment frm aspiring educatrs t master practitiners in sustainability and envirnmental educatin thrugh the fllwing: Cntinuing Prfessinal Develpment Teachers shuld receive higher cmpensatin and increased classrm supprt based n self-initiatin f prfessinal develpment and wrking in particularly challenging schl systems. (C3 p. 43) All educatrs shuld have access t exemplary materials and resurces including funding fr ff-site prgrams. (C3 p. 43) Resurces Cmmunities must aid teachers, schls and districts in prviding the best experiences and instructin fr their students and creating safe learning envirnments that imprve the perfrmance and behavir f students. Supprt can be prvided in a variety f ways, including cash, materials, tls, skills, mentring, and ther resurces. (C3 p. 44) Fr urban educatrs in particular, funding shuld be available t use the envirnment as an integrated cntext fr student instructin. (C3 p. 44) Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) and ther federal agencies shuld increase supprt fr EE curriculum develpment and disseminatin thrugh nn-frmal educatin prgrams such as 4-H, scuting, zs, aquariums, nature centers, museums, etc. (C1 p. 18) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld prmte the disseminatin and use f the Nrth American Assciatin fr Envirnmental Educatin (NAAEE) Guidelines fr Excellence in EE t ensure that scientifically accurate and instructinally sund EE materials are used by educatrs. (C1 p. 18) C1. Sustainable Resurce Management p. 20 The Department f Educatin, the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), and the Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld supprt educatin and training, including curriculum develpment n sustainability fr teachers f grades K-12. (C1 p. 20) C1. Higher Educatin p. 12 Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld fund training and research prjects n sustainability and its integratin int different aspects f university life by: Prviding bite-sized grants (grants fr smaller prjects n the rder f $10,000 each.) (C1 p. 12) Funding graduate student traineeships and fellwships in areas relating t sustainability. (C1 p. 12) Funding research n hw t measure sustainability. (C1. p. 12) 33

35 Supprt culturally-sensitive transfer f knwledge amng peple in different scieties. (C1 p. 12) C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 8 The Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) and the Department f Energy (DOE) shuld fund teacher training prgrams in glbal envirnmental change that invlve internatinal cmpnents. (C1 p. 9) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p. 56 Universities shuld alter their reward systems in rder t facilitate integratin amng disciplines. The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld expand and increase supprt fr prgrams that fster cllabrative interdisciplinary integratin such as the Integrated Graduate Educatin, Research and Training (IGERT) prgram. Natinal Academy f Sciences shuld fster additinal cllabrative, interdisciplinary envirnmental research and elect mre members wh cnduct this type f research. These changes shuld be spearheaded by leaders f these institutins and by individuals invlved in the cllabratins. (C5- B10 p. 57) C5-B11. Wrking acrss spatial scales: Frm mlecular t glbal p. 57 Universities shuld strengthen multidisciplinary envirnmental training by expsing students t multiple fields, rewarding faculty fr cnducting interdisciplinary research, building n the success f NSF s Integrated Graduate Educatin, Research, and Training (IGERT) prgram, and ther mechanisms. (C5-B11 p. 58) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld encurage and supprt the availability f pre-service and in-service teacher training in EE fr all teachers. (C1 p. 18) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p. 56 The Natinal Science Fundatin shuld expand and increase supprt fr prgrams that fster cllabrative interdisciplinary integratin such as the Integrated Graduate Educatin, Research and Training (IGERT) prgram. (C5- B10 p. 56) U.S. Department f Educatin C1. Public Educatin p. 18 EPA, NSF, and DOED shuld prmte the disseminatin and use f the Nrth American Assciatin fr Envirnmental Educatin (NAAEE) Guidelines fr Excellence in EE t ensure that scientifically accurate and instructinally sund EE materials are used by educatrs. (C1 p. 18) C1. Sustainable Resurce Management p. 20 The Department f Educatin, the Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), and the Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) shuld supprt educatin and training, including curriculum develpment n sustainability fr teachers f grades K-12. (C1 p. 20) C6-B17. Glbal and U.S. Perspectives n the Prspects fr Renewable Energy p. 22 The U.S. Department f Educatin shuld use new state assessment tests t include renewable energy in the curriculum (science literacy standards t include renewable energy). (C6-B17 p. 22) C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 8 The NSF and the Department f Energy (DOE) shuld fund teacher training prgrams in glbal envirnmental change that invlve internatinal cmpnents. (C1 p. 9) C5-B10. Integrating ecnmic, scial, and envirnmental frecasting p

36 Federal agencies shuld allcate significant funding fr interdisciplinary envirnmental research that incrprates physical and scial sciences and lcal knwledge in ways that build lcal capacity t better manage lcal resurces. This research shuld be used t understand brader gegraphic impacts and t develp r supprt public educatin campaigns. Fr example: The U.S. Department f Educatin and ther educatin agencies shuld supprt interdisciplinary studies (integrating natural and scial sciences) at the primary and secndary educatin levels. Relevant fields f study include human and physical gegraphy, bigegraphy, sustainability (including resurce cnsumptin), and eclgy. (C5-B10 p. 57) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF), and U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED) shuld encurage and supprt the availability f pre-service and in-service teacher training in EE fr all teachers. (C1 p. 18) C1. Public Educatin p. 18 Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA), in cperatin with U.S. Department f Educatin (DOED), shuld assist states in integrating envirnmental literacy assessments in their n-ging state assessments in rder t develp baseline data n student envirnmental literacy. (C1 p. 18) U.S. Department f Energy C1. Glbal Envirnmental Change p. 8 The Natinal Science Fundatin (NSF) and the Department f Energy (DOE) shuld fund teacher training prgrams in glbal envirnmental change that invlve internatinal cmpnents. (C1 p. 9) C6-B13. Cnsumer and Decisinmaker Educatin p. 18 NCSE shuld wrk with U.S. Department f Energy n the new energy educatin initiative in the Energy Plicy Act f 2005 and shuld seek funding fr the initiative. (C6-B13 p. 18) 35

37 Abut the The is an NGO dedicated t imprving the scientific basis fr envirnmental decisin-making. The Cuncil specializes in prgrams that bring tgether individuals, institutins and cmmunities t cllabrate n brad-based prjects that cannt be carried ut by individual entities. The Cuncil has 160 affiliated universities and clleges whse leaders participate in the Cuncil f Envirnmental Deans and Directrs (CEDD) at the Cuncil f Energy Research and Educatin Leaders (CEREL.) The Cuncil s annual Natinal Cnference n Science, Plicy and the Envirnment brings tgether representatives frm all levels f gvernment, leaders in research and educatin, NGOs and business t develp strategies fr imprved decisin-making n critical envirnmental challenges. Mst f the recmmendatins included in this mem were jintly develped at these cnferences by grups representing the cmmunities mentined. The Cuncil supprts multi-stakehlder bdies drawn frm the same breadth f cmmunities mentined abve, t guide the develpment and deplyment f decisin-making tls t address specific envirnmental challenges. These include the Natinal Cmmissin n Science fr Sustainable Frestry. The Cuncil is als the Secretariat fr the Envirnmental Infrmatin Calitin, an pen membership grup f institutins and individuals creating an nline resurce, the Earth Prtal, t cnnect the public with high quality envirnmental infrmatin. At the center f the Earth Prtal is the Encyclpedia f Earth ften referred t as the Envirnmental Wikipedia with Quality Cntrl. Cntacts: Peter Saundry, Executive Directr, , psaundry@ncsenline.rg David Blckstein, Senir Scientist, , david@ncsenline.rg 36

38 36