Energy Consumption, Transformation and Sources

Transcription

1 Energy Cnsumptin, Transfrmatin and Surces Lecture #3 HNRS 228 Energy and the Envirnment iclicker Questin Fssil fuels are derived frm bilgical material prduced A at the time f the industrial revlutin B abut 300 millin years ag C abut 1 millin years ag D abut 1 billin years ag E at the turn f the previus century 1 2 iclicker Questin At the turn f this century (2000) mst energy was derived frm A Cal B Wd C Natural Gas D Oil E Nuclear Pwer iclicker Questin Oil use in the U.S. has always risen since A True B False 3 4 iclicker Questin Overview f Energy Prductin/Cnsumptin Which f the fllwing cuntries has the lwest gas taxes? A France B Germany C Spain D Japan E USA 5 6 1

2 iclicker Questin Energy Flw frm Surce t Use (USA 2008) The United States imprts mre energy than it prduces? A True B False 7 Nte Changes frm 2003, page 17 f textbk 8 What is Mechanical Energy? TYPES OF ENERGY and their Transfrmatin Energy due t a bject s mtin (kinetic) r psitin (ptential). Mechanical, Electrmagnetic, Electrical, Chemical and Thermal 9 The bwling ball has mechanical energy. When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred t the pins! 10 Other Examples f Mechanical Energy What is Electrmagnetic Energy? Light energy 11 Includes energy frm gamma rays, xrays, ultravilet rays, visible light, infrared rays, micrwave and radi bands 12 2

3 What is Electrical Energy? What is Chemical Energy? Energy caused by the mvement f electrns Easily transprted thrugh pwer lines and cnverted int ther frms f energy 13 Energy that is available fr release frm chemical reactins. The chemical bnds in a matchstick stre energy that is transfrmed int thermal energy when the match is struck. 14 Examples f Chemical Energy What is Thermal Energy? Heat energy The heat energy f an bject determines hw active its atms are. A ht bject is ne whse atms and mlecules are excited and shw rapid mvement. 15 A cler bject's mlecules and atms will shw less mvement. 16 iclicker Time! What type f energy cks fd in a micrwave ven? A Mechanical C Electrical D Chemical What type f energy is the spinning plate inside f a micrwave ven? A Mechanical C Electrical D Chemical E Thermal 17 iclicker Time! Electrical energy is transprted t yur huse thrugh pwer lines. When yu plug an electric fan t a pwer utlet, electrical energy is transfrm int what type f energy? A Mechanical C Electrical D Chemical E Thermal 18 3

4 iclicker Time! What types f energy are shwn belw? What type f energy results when yu turn n an electric lamp? [Electrical t ] A Mechanical B Electrmagnetic C D E Electrical Chemical Thermal 19 AMechanical C Thermal DChemical E Mre than ne f the abve 20 What type f energy is shwn belw? What types f energy are shwn belw? AMechanical C Electrical DChemical E Thermal AMechanical C Thermal DChemical E Mre than ne f the abve What type f energy is shwn belw? A Mechanical C Electrical D Chemical E Thermal What type f energy is shwn belw? A Mechanical C Electrical D Chemical E Thermal

5 Where des ur energy cme frm fr? Electric light Mbile phnes Pwer fr yur mp3 TV Ht Water Energy fr these things cme frm Energy Resurces, that are cnverted int energy that we can easily use. Electricity is the main frm f energy that we use and can pwer r charge what we need energy fr T generate electricity 1. Yu need an energy surce, e.g. cal 2. This is burnt t prduce heat r steam 3. The heat r steam then drives a turbine 4. The turbine then can drive a generatr 5. The generatr then prduces electricity 6. The electricity is then transprted in cables t where it is needed Energy Resurces can be divided int 2 categries: 1. Nn-Renewable Resurces Fr example cal, il, gas, uranium r lignite Once used these resurces CANNOT be used again 2. Renewable Resurces Fr example wind, water r slar These resurces can be used ver and ver again Nn-Renewable Resurces: COAL Frmed undergrund frm decaying plant material Abut 200 years Plenty left Mining is getting mre efficient Pllutin: CO 2 emissins (linked t glbal warming), SO 2 (linked t acid rain) Heavy & bulky t transprt Nn-Renewable Resurces: OIL Frmed undergrund frm decaying animal and plant material Estimates vary, but average abut 40 years Quite easy t transprt Efficient in prducing energy Less pllutin than cal Nt much left Pllutin: air and danger f water pllutin thrugh spills

6 Nn-Renewable Resurces: NATURAL GAS Frmed undergrund frm decaying animal and plant material Estimates vary frm years Clean, least plluting f all nn-renewables Easy t transprt Sme air pllutin Danger f explsins Nn-Renewable Resurces: NUCLEAR Uses uranium, naturally fund in sme rcks Nt knwn Nt much waste and few CO 2 emissins released, as well as, few ther greenhuse gases High cst t build and clse dwn pwer statins. Waste is radiactive. Prblem with getting rid f waste safely Nn-Renewable Resurces: LIGNITE (between peat and cal) Frmed undergrund frm decaying plant material Estimates vary, but average ~30 years A lcal resurce gd fr generating electricity Air pllutin, scarring f landscape thrugh pen-cast mining High misture cntent 33 Why is the term, FOSSIL FUEL used fr cal, il, gas and lignite? A Because they all cntain fssils. B Because they were nce fd surces fr things that are nw fssils. C Because they are derived frm living matter f a previus gelgical age. D Because f their energy per unit f mass. E Because Prf. Geller said s. 34 Renewable Resurces: WIND It the mvement f air frm high t lw pressure N pllutin Winds change all the time, nt predictable Renewable Resurces: SOLAR Energy frm the sun N pllutin, can be used in remte areas Can be expensive, needs sunlight At night it desn t wrk

7 Renewable Resurces: BIO-ENERGY Bimass and Bigas fermented animal r plant waste vegetatin frm sustainable surces Gd availability Can be expensive t set up Renewable Resurces: HYDRO Mvement f water drives a turbine N CO 2 emissins, can cntrl flding and prvide a gd water supply t an area Large areas maybe flded. Visual and water pllutin Renewable Resurces: GEOTHERMAL Heat frm the grund ften used t heat water N CO 2 emissins Expensive and can nly be used in certain parts f the wrld Renewable Resurces: WATER & TIDAL Mvement f sea drives turbines Can prduce a lt f electricity, n CO 2 emissins Nt many suitable sites Grup Think Draw a flw map shwing the flw f energy transfrmatins in a car frm starting vehicle t driving. Yu shuld have 5 different types f energy. Energy Transfer

8 In-Class Grup Questin Cmpare and cntrast differences and similarities (changes in time) in the tw diagrams depicting energy flw frm surce t use in the USA, frm 2003 (in textbk), and 2008 (in presentatin tday). Please remember t write cmplete sentences in addressing yur cmparisns. 43 8