A survey of recommended practices made by veterinarian practitioners to cow-calf operations in the United States

Transcription

1 A survey of recommended practices made by veterinarian practitioners to cow-calf operations in the United States Fike, G.*, J.C. Simroth, D.U. Thomson, R. Spare, and A.J. Tarpoff 1 *Red Angus Association of America, Denton, TX Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, Ashland Veterinary Center, Inc., Ashland, KS Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506

2 Objective Describe recommended practices made by veterinarian practitioners who service clients with commercial beef cow-calf herds in terms of vaccine protocol, health practices, and production practices and share those results with the beef industry.

3 Background Practicing veterinarians (n = 148) who service commercial beef cow-calf herds responded to a survey describing general recommendations made to their clients in terms of vaccine protocol, health, and production practices.

4 Demographics Responding veterinarians represented 35 states in the USA and 3 provinces in Canada.

5 Demographics - USA Kansas 1 Nebraska 1 Iowa 10% Oklahoma 6% South Dakota 6% Missouri 6% Minnesota 5% Texas 5% Georgia 4% Montana 3% Alabama 2% Colorado 2% Illinois 2% Oregon 2% Virginia 2% Wisconsin 2% Arkansas 2% Florida 2% Idaho 2% North Carolina 2% North Dakota 2% Arizona Kentucky Ohio South Carolina West Virginia Hawaii Indiana Loiuisiana Michigan Mississippi Pennsylvania Tennessee Utah Wyoming Other 8%

6 Demographics - Canada Quebec 20% Ontario 20% Alberta 60%

7 Percentage of vets practice devoted to beef cow-calf producers % < 10% 11-25% 26-50% 51-75% > 76%

8 Vets years in practice % > 30

9 Beef cows serviced Provide genetic advice < 1,000 1,001-2,500 2,501-5,000 5,001-10,000 > 10,000 54% No Yes 46%

10 Recommended vaccines and practices for calves at branding Vaccine % Clostridial 96 IBR 94 BRSV 91 PI3 90 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type I 78 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type II 77 Mannheimia haemolytica 45 Moraxella bovis 31 Pasturella multocida 26 Histophilus somni 18 Leptospirosis 5 Others not listed 5 Mycoplasmal pneumonia 1.5 Vibriosis %, 75 %, 1 Modified Live (MLV) 88% %, 64 Killed 12% %, 84 %, 18 %, 38

11 Recommended vaccines and practices for calves before weaning Vaccine % IBR 99 BRSV 98 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type I 96 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type II 96 PI3 93 Clostridial 88 Mannheimia haemolytica 77 Histophilus somni 45 Pasturella multocida 42 Leptospirosis 10 Moraxella bovis 9 Others not listed 4 Mycoplasmal pneumonia %, 58 Calfhood implant %, 76 Dewormer Modified Live (MLV) 90% %, 74 %, 45 Injectable Pour on Paste/oral Killed 10% %, 30

12 Recommended vaccines and practices for calves after weaning Vaccine % Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type II 97 IBR 97 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type I 96 BRSV 96 PI3 91 Clostridial 58 Mannheimia haemolytica 49 Histophilus somni 37 Pasturella multocida 30 Leptospirosis 15 Moraxella bovis 12 Mycoplasmal pneumonia 3 Others not listed 3 Vibriosis %, 56 %, 1 Modified Live (MLV) 93% %, 81 %, 65 Killed 7% %, 58 %, 35

13 Number of days the last preventative vaccine should be administered to calves prior to loading % % > 45 3%

14 Recommended calf management practices Type of weaning protocol recommended to clients Recommended number of days weaned 64% Fenceline weaning 57% Abrupt dry lot weaning or onto truck 10% Two stage weaning with nose clips 8% Low-stress handling techniques training recommended for all employees? Yes 83% Is creep feeding regularly recommended to clients? Yes 40% Should calves be bunk broke before marketing? Yes 54% No 10% Maybe 1 36% Are additional booster vaccines recommended if clients keep calves past weaning? Yes 32%

15 Recommended age for castrating bull calves % to 7 days < 1 mo 1-2 mo 2-3 mo > 3 mo Branding Other

16 Castration methods selected as best option for calves at: Branding 99 Banding Knife Cut Burdizzo Don't recommend % veterinarians recommend that calves 40 get a tetanus vaccine 30 when 25 banding is recommended as 20 castration method 10 0 Weaning Banding Knife Cut Burdizzo Don't recommend

17 Recommended practices for BVD total control program Biosecurity Quarantine Testing and removal Vaccination

18 Earliest age recommended for weaning calves 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% days days days days > 150 days

19 Should calves be ear tagged? No, 3 Yes, 69%

20 Recommended annual booster antigens for the female herd: Antigens % IBR 99 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type II 98 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Type I 97 Leptospirosis 94 PI3 86 BRSV 81 Vibriosis 72 Clostridial antigens 43 Moraxella bovis 20 Others not listed* 11 Histophilus somni 5 Mannheimia haemolytica 2 Pasturella multocida 1 Mycoplasmal pneumonia 1 MLV 65% Killed 35% *Others not listed: Anaplasmosis, Pinkeye, Scour, E. coli, Rotaviros, Coronavirus, Perfringins, Moraxella bovoculi, Anthrax, Salmonella, Brucellosis

21 Cow herd management Are bulls in the herd vaccinated at the same time as cows? Yes 79% Is de-worming of the female herd recommended? Yes 93% Number of times per year recommended to de-worm the female herd: 1 to 2 96% > 2 2% Other 1 2% Type of de-worming product most highly recommended for the female herd: Injectable 56% Pour on 50% Oral/paste 24% 1 Depends on need and fecal exam; prior to turn out.

22 Preventative scour vaccine recommended in the breeding herd health protocol? Recommended antigens Yes, 80% No, 20% % Bovine rotavirus Coronavirus Escherichia coli

23 Importance of calf nutrition during preconditioning Very important Important Extremely important 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

24 Importance of cow s mineral status as it relates to calf health Very important Somewhat important Important Extremely important 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

25 Injectable vitamins and chelated minerals recommended for the cow herd? Injectable Vitamins Chelated Minerals Yes, always, 25% Never, 14% Yes, 45% No, 55% Sometime s, 6

26 Fly control programs Insecticide impregnated ear tags recommended? 80 Recommended programs 24% % No Yes 10 0 Dustbags Herd spraying Individual animal paint ball application Oil-based back rubbers Other:

27 Questions?