BAGIAN PERENCANAAN RICE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF INDONESIA FOR THE NEXT DECADE. Dr. Haryono

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1 BAGIAN PERENCANAAN RICE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF INDONESIA FOR THE NEXT DECADE Dr. Haryono Director General Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development

2 Outline I II III IV V VI RICE SITUATION IN INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION BIOSCIENCE AND BIOENGINEERING NANO TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION 2

3 Rice Situation in Indonesia Populations (millions), ,8 Annual growth population in last 10 years (%) 1.49 Annual rice consumption (kg/capita/year) 139 Area harvested rice (million hectares), Average rice yield (t/ha milled rice), Total rice production (million tons), Total rice area (million hectares) 8.15 Rice ecosystem (%, million hectares): Irrigated (58.7) Rainfed (27.2) Flood prone (8.8) Upland (5.3)

4 International Research Collaboration Emerging technology and new promising varieties with high competitiveness High economic values : (impact recognition) Support national agricultural development High scientific values: (scientific recognition) Mastery of Science and Technology 4

5 Total Food PRIORITY RESEARCH COLLABORATION: Strategy (innovation) Narrowing the Food Gap PRIORITY Cooperation 4. High technology Food supply if demand can be reduced, the production can be increased through the use of optimization of the LSO and the application of high technology (biotechnology, irradiation, biodiversity, and precision farming) 4 3. Reduce the demand for food 2. Increase productivity Food demand Food supply when the level of production can be increased Food supply when crop failures could be avoided Food supply at BAU conditions 1. Avoid loss of production capacity Currently

6 DIRECTION OF RESEARCH COLLABORATION 1. Intended to answer strategic issues and problems of short-term and long-term agricultural development 2. Characteristically "upstream" or "downstream" to support the strategic program of IAARD and Ministry of Agriculture 3. Priority to advanced research or diffusion research involving various areas of expertise 4. Directed to solving the problem promoting cross cutting issues and or specific problems 5. Involves the participation of various R & D institutions (University/ Institute of Research Ministry) in quarto helix system (academia, government, private sector, farmers/communities) 6. Basic output or immediate output: invention, agricultural innovation, operational policy recommendations, Patents, Intellectual Property and Scientific Writing

7 Priority Topics International Research Cooperation Adaptive research: bioindustry, post harvest, integrated farming, climate change adaptation and mitigation High tech research: bio science (biotechnology and bioengineering), nanotehnology for seed and fertilizer, mechanization, and IT application Public Policy: simulation model

8 PRIORITY RESEARCH 1. Bioscience and Bioengineering 2. Nano technology in agriculture 3. Application of nuclear technology in agriculture 4. Adaptation and mitigation of climate change 5. Agricultural mechanization 6. Application of information technology in agricultural sector 7. Public policy for agricultural sector

9 1. Bioscience and Bioengineering A. Improvement of new varieties B. Genome Research Target genes for specific environments Increasing capacity of researchers

10 A. Improvement new varieties Rice yield in Indonesia: 5.15 t/ha (2014); Current crop management technology exploits 50-80% of the yield potential Goal: increase yield by 5%/yr = 200 kg/ha/yr Yield growth rate (kg ha -1 yr -1 ) China Indonesia Vietnam India Philippines Year

11 Technologies for short-term impact (1-5 years) 10 to >20% increase in yield potential through hybrid rice need large heterosis/yield advantage, seed availability and other issues (BPH, lodging, quality,..) Quality seed and new lines for 5-10% increase in yield potential of inbred rice Close yield gaps: Germplasm with improved abiotic and biotic stress tolerance Flexible, regional & local solutions for integrated crop management Reduce harvest and post-harvest losses Capacity building and improved local access to new technologies and information

12 Hybrid rice Target domain: irrigated and favorable rainfed lowland rice areas with transplanting Key activities for Indonesia: Germplasm, scientist and information exchange Joint development and testing of parental lines/hybrids Meet the local market requirement for grain quality Improve disease and insect resistances High seed production yield Provide lines to seed producers

13 Improved inbred rice Target domain: irrigated and rainfed lowland rice areas Improved inbred lines Increased yield potential Grain quality Pest resistance Submergence tolerance Drought tolerance Salinity tolerance Fe toxicity tolerance

14 Direct row-seeding Target domain: irrigated lowland rice areas (with labor shortages) Theoretical yield advantage if done at low seed rates with precise field management Modified drum seeder ICRR - AIATs plan: Assess attainable yield Demonstrations with farmers groups on direct seeding and weed management in Java, South Sulawesi and tidal areas (pasang surut) of South Sumatra Evaluate more broadly

15 Technologies with potential future impact (5-10 years) Rice lines with improved pest resistance Biofortified rice Drought-tolerant rice Heat-tolerant rice Aerobic rice Enhanced biological control of insects

16 Heat tolerant rice Target domain: irrigated lowland rice Reduce yield losses due to spikelet sterility (flowering) or high night T during grain filling Rice varieties that are more tolerant to high T at flowering - shed pollen during early morning when it is cooler (likely) Rice varieties that have lower maintenance respiration rates and/or do not mature faster under warm conditions (uncertain)

17 MAS Rice Research in ICRR of IAARD Moleculer research in ICRR DNA finger printing of germ plasm, elite lines, released variety, and hybrid parents MAS for BPH and BLB resistance (under Rice Research Consortium) Mas program in ICRR Initial activity for MAS for Dro1 gene and Fe toxicity tolerance Proposed MAS Program in ICRR for 2016 Abiotic: Sub1, Saltol, Snorkle, Dro1 Biotic: BPH, BLB, Sheat Blight

18 B. Genome and Molecular Rice Research in ICABIOGRAD of IAARD SNP Analysis of reference genotypes Development of high yield and very early maturing variety

19 2. Nano technology in agriculture Feed & livestock nutrition Nanohormones and vaccines Nanoseed Nanodevice, sensor & materials Working Group Nanofertilizer Corporate Program Nano-food (functional, quality, security) & nutraceuticals Nanopesticide Nanobiodegradable packaging

20 Nanotechnology Research Network, IAARD International Institutions: Asia Nano Forum Kyoto University (JPN) Queensland University (AUS) Purdue University (USA) Stakeholders: Directorate Generals Society, Small and Medium Enterprises, Industry NIC AIATs LIPI, BPPT, BATAN, IPB, ITB, UGM, Private R & D, relevant agencies NANO CENTER IAARD Dissemination (delivery) Technology Feedback Cooperation Producers of Technology National Innovation Committee (NIC) Dissemination, Commercialization Users of Technology

21 Nanotehcnology for seed, fertilizer To increase the efficiency of applied fertilizer with the help of nano clays and zeolites and restoration of soil fertility by releasing fixed nutrients To germinate seeds under favourable conditions with nanopolymer coating

22 SEM TEM XRD

23 Planetary Ball Milling nano spray dryer nanomilling

24 High Pressure Homogenizer Ultramicrotome Ultrafine grinder

25 CELLULOSE FIBER NANO TECHNOLOGY FOR PACKAGING BIODEGRADABLE Nano-structuring of cellulose fibers from agricultural biomass waste through chemical and mechanical processes for reinforcement of biodegradable films Rice straw Lateral: thousands µm Strength: fragile Color: Dark brown Cellulose fibers Lateral: 5-20 nm Strengths: steel Color: white / clear 1 Chaudhry et al. 2008

26 Example applications in instant flake cassava products Nanoemulsi Vitamin A Nano-vitamin A encapsulated Fortification (Nano) iron (Nano) iron encapsulated Advantage after 30 days of storage: Stability of vitamin A and iron 4-5 times better Metallic taste in the product is not detected Colors remain bright (minimum oxidation)

27 3. Application of nuclear technology in agriculture Mutation induction by iradiation Adaptation and mitigation of climate change 4. Technology mitigation and adaptation to climate change for food crops, horticulture and plantation Sustainable Cultivation Technology 5. Mechanization Processing technology agricultural waste into bio energy based bio-refined Rice seed processing

28 6. The application of information technology in the agricultural sector Information technology for mapping the needs of agricultural machinery in a timely manner and kind to the district level 7. Public policy for the agricultural sector Modeling Agricultural Policy Analysis Increasing the capacity of researchers 8. Other priority areas Germplasm exchange

29 Thank you