Supplemental Data. Wang et al. Plant Cell. (2013) /tpc

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1 SNL1 SNL Supplemental Figure 1. The Expression Patterns of SNL1 and SNL in Different Tissues of Arabidopsis from Genevestigator Web Site ( 1

2 A SNL1 SNL Root Stem Leaf Flower Seed B SNL1 SNL (D) MS Days of after pollination Root Stem Leaf Flower Seed MS SNL1 SNL1 SNL SNL Atg839 Atg839 Supplemental Figure. Expression Patterns of SNL1 and SNL Using Gene Atg839 as Internal Control. (A) QRT-PCR analysis of SNL1 and SNL expression in Arabidopsis tissues. Results were normalized against the expression of Atg839. The mean values and SE were from three independent experiments. A representative result of gel electrophoresis is displayed at the bottom. (B) QRT-PCR analysis of SNL1 (grey) and SNL (white) in developing siliques. The X axis presents the developmental stage after pollination. The mean values and SE were from three independent experiments. MS, mature seed. A representative result of gel electrophoresis is displayed at the bottom.

3 1 Col snl1 Germination ratio (%) Concentration of ABA (μm) Supplemental Figure 3. Over-expression of SNL1 Restores the Seed Germination of snl1 in Response to ABA. The germination phenotype of Col, snl1 and homozygous transgenic plants containg P35S:SNL1 (3- and -6) in response to different ABA concentrations. Percentages of seed germination are means (± SE) based on at least eight individual plants for each genotype. 3

4 1 8 Germination ratio (%) 6 4 Col snl1 snl-1 4# snl1 snl- 3# snl1 snl-1 16# snl1 snl-1 14# snl1 snl- 9# snl1 snl-1 11# snl1 snl- 13# snl1 snl-1 snl Weeks of after-ripening Supplemental Figure 4. Seed Germination Analysis of Different Double Mutant snl1 snl-1 and snl1 snl- Lines. Ratio of seed germination is mean (± SE) based on at least eight individual plants for each line. All the lines were grown and harvested in identical conditions. SE, standard error. 4

5 CFP-HDA19 YFP-SNL1 Mergerd Mergerd with bright Supplemental Figure 5. Nuclear Localizations of SNL1 and HDA19. Nuclear localizations of CFP-HDA19 and YFP-SNL1. The A. tumefaciens strains (GV311 with pm9rk) carrying the constructs pensg-cfp-hda19 and pensg-yfp-snl1 respectively were infiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves simultaneously, and the fluorescence signal was obtained after days infiltration. The photos from left to right show the fluorescence (CFP-HDA19, YFP-SNL1), merged fluorescence and merged fluorescence with bright image by Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscope. These experiments were performed three times with similar results. 5

6 Germination ratio (%) Ler hda Weeks of after-ripening Germination ratio(%) weeks of after-ripening Ws hda19- Supplemental Figure 6. Seed Dormancy Phenotype of hda19 Mutants. The homozygous hda19-1 and hda19- mutants (Long et al., 6) were grown together with wild type Ler and Ws for seed germination analysis. Percentages of seed germination are means (± SE) based on at least eight individual plants for each genotype. This experiment was repeated three times with independent samples. 6

7 14 1 Up-regulated 1 1 Down-regulated Gene Number Dormancy related Germination related ABA Auxin Brassinosteroid Cytokinin Ethylene Gibberellin Jasmonic acid Seed storage proteins Inhib. of protein degradation Protein degradation Heat Shock Cell-wall modification Cell cycle related Cytoskeleton Translation associated DNA repair Respiration Electron Transport Pentose phosph. pathway Glyc. and gluconeogenesis Krebs cycle Beta oxidation Stress 4 15 Photosynthesis/chloroplast related Unannotated Supplemental Figure 7. The Number of Genes That Are Differentially Expressed in snl1 snl-1 Mutant Seed. The genes are categorized into groups based on known and predicted functions in the TAGGIT analysis. The data consist of genes that have a fold change 1.5 (log Ratio.6) and a FDR value.5. The complete list is presented in Supplemental Data Set 1 online. 7

8 4 35 Col snl-1 snl1 snl1 snl ACO5 ERF6 ERF8 ERF114 EXPB1 EXPA EXPA6 EXPA8 DREBB SNL1 SNL Supplemental Figure 8. Expression Patterns of Some Genes in snl Mutants in Table 1. The expressions of some hormone- and dormancy-related genes were validated by qrt-pcr. Total RNA was extracted from 1 h imbibed Col and mutant seeds. The mean values and SE were from three biological replicates and normalized using ACTIN8 as an internal control. The relative expression level in Col was set at one. For expression of SNL1 and SNL, the primers SNL1/-QF and SNL1/-QR were used in qrt-pcr (see Supplemental Table 1 online), which amplified the fragments before the T-DNA insertions in the gene locus respectively. 8

9 SNL1.1 μm 1 μm 1 μm SNL Concentration of ACC (μm) Supplemental Figure 9. Gene Expression of SNL1 and SNL in Response to ACC. Gene expression of SNL1 and SNL in response to increasing concentrations of ACC. Expression analysis was performed using qrt-pcr. Total RNA was extracted from Col seeds imbibed for 1 h with different ACC concentrations in a controlled incubator. The average value with SD was calculated from three independent experiments. The expression values of the individual genes were normalized using the expression level of ACTIN8 as internal standard. 9

10 A B snl1 snl-1 etr1- snl1 snl-1 etr1- Col 8 Col snl1 snl-1 etr1- etr1- snl1 snl-1 Hypocotyl lengh (mm) 6 4 Bar=1 mm Concentration of ACC (μm) Supplemental Figure 1. The etr1- Mutation Reduced the Triple Response of snl1 snl-1 to ACC. (A) Triple responses of etr1-, snl1 snl-1, snl1 snl-1 etr1- and Col to ACC. The plants were grown 3 days in MS medium without (top) and with (bottom) 1 μm ACC in dark at room temperature after 3 days at 4. The triple response was observed and the hypocotyl length of different lines was measured after 3 days in darkness ( ). Bar=1 mm. (B) The hypocotyl length of the different lines monitored for the triple response. This experiment was repeated three times and the average value is shown with SD (n=15). 1

11 A B Root length (cm) Bar=1 cm Col snl1 snl snl1 snl Concentration of ABA (μm) Supplemental Figure 11. The Sensitivity of Root Growth to ABA in the Mutants snl1, snl-1 and snl1 snl-1. (A) The post-germination phenotype of Col, snl1, snl-1 and snl1 snl-1 in response to increasing concentrations of ABA. Plants were transferred to a vertical MS plate after 3 days growth in a controlled incubator (16 h light, ), and the root growth was watched after 1 days in MS plate without (top) or with (bottom) 1μM ABA. (B) Root lengths after 1 days growth on vertical MS plates with different concentrations of ABA in a controlled incubator (16 h light, ). Three independent experiments were performed and similar results were obtained, representative data are displayed. Error bars denote SD (n>1). Bar=1.5 cm. 11

12 A B Germination ratio (%) Concentration of PAC (μm) GA4 contents(ng/g FW) Col col snl1 snl-1 snl1 snl-1 Supplemental Figure 1. GA Levels and Responses During Seed Germination in the snl Mutants. (A) Influence of PAC on the germination of mutants and Col. Percentages of seed germination are means (± SD) based on at least eight individual plants for each line. At least three independent experiments were performed and similar results were obtained. (B) The GA4 contents of fresh seeds from Col and mutants were determined by HPLC. This experiment was repeated three times and the average value is shown with SD. 1

13 4 3 1 ACO1 ACO4 ERF9 ERF15 ERF11 CYP77A1 CYP77A Supplemental Figure 13. Expression of Genes Involved in Ethylene and ABA Pathways in 7-Day-Old Seedlings of Col and snl Mutants. The average expression values are shown with SD and normalized using the expression level of ACTIN8 as an internal standard. Each experiment was repeated three times with independent samples and the relative level in Col was set at one. 13

14 ACO ACO ERF9.4.. ERF ERF11 Region 1.3 Region.6 Region Region 1.1 Region.8 Region Region 1.6 Region.1 Region Region 1.4 Region.8 Region Region 1.4 Region.1 Region CYP77A CYP77A Region 1.8 Region.3 Region Region 1.18 Region.6 Region Supplemental Figure 14. ChIP Assay of Up-regulated Key Genes Involved in the Ethylene and ABA Pathways in snl Mutants Using 18S as Internal Control Gene. 14

15 Up-regulated Down-regulated hub1 snl1snl hub1 snl1snl Supplemental Figure 15. Analysis of Overlapping Genes between hub1 and snl1 snl-1 that Are Up- and Down-regulated in Seeds Compared to Col. Venn diagrams of differentially expressed genes of hub1 were obtained from Liu et al. (11). 15

16 Primer name DNA sequence LP1 5 -TGCTGTGATTCACATCGAGAG-3 RP1 5 -CTGTCACTTCCGGAAGTGAAG-3 LP 5 - CTCTTCAAGCAAATCCGAGTG-3 RP 5 -TCCCGGAGTTATATCTCTGGG-3 LP3 5 - TTTGAAGGATGGTGATCTTGC-3 RP3 5 - TTCGCAGACAGAATTCTCTCG-3 SNL1-F 5 - AAAAAGCAGGCTTGATGAAGCGGATAAGAGATGAT-3 SNL1-R 5 -AGAAAGCTGGGTTTTAAGCTGAGAGAAACCTATGG-3 HDA19-F 5 -AAAAAGCAGGCTTAATGGATACTGGCGGCAATTCG-3 HDA19-R 5 -AGAAAGCTGGGTCTTATGTTTTAGGAGGAAACGCC-3 SNL1-QF 5 - GCGAGTGTTGCACTCCTAGCT -3 SNL1-QR 5 - TCTGCGCATGTGCTTAAAAGA -3 SNL-QF 5 - GAGATTATGCAGCCAAGATGA -3 SNL-QR 5 - CTCACAACGCTCAAAGAACTG -3 ACO1-PF 5 -GATGGCTAGGTCCATCGAAT-3 ACO1-PR 5 -TTTTGGGTCACTCCCATTGT-3 ACO1-QF () 5 -TGTCAGATCCCAAACATTTCAG-3 ACO1-QR () 5 - GGGTATTTAGCCACTTTTGTTCC -3 ACO1-CF (3) 5 -CCTATACCGCCATCCAAGAA-3 ACO1-CR (3) 5 -ACAAGAGCTTTGGAGCTGGA-3 ACO4-PF 5 -TGGATGTGTGTGGTCCAAAA-3 ACO4-PR 5 -GAAAAGAAGCGCAGAGAGGA-3 ACO4-CF () 5 -AACGACGTTGACTGGGAATC-3 ACO4-CR () 5 -GTCGTCGAGATCAGGGACAT-3 ACO4-QF (3) 5 -CCGGTTAAGCATTCAATCGT-3 ACO4-QR (3) 5 -AGAGTCGCTTCCCGGATTAT-3 ERF15-PF 5 -ACCCTCGCAAGAAAAAGACA-3 ERF15-PR 5 -TCTTGGGTTGGAGAGAGGAA-3 ERF15-QF () 5 -CAACTCTAAGCCAACGCAAAC-3 ERF15-QR () 5 -TCTGATCTCAGCCGCATACTT-3 ERF15-CF (3) 5 -AAGAGACAGGTGACGGAGGA-3 ERF15-CR (3) 5 -CAAAACCCCTTCCAACTTGA-3 ERF11-QF 5 -ACTCACTGGTCAACCCATCC-3 ERF11-QR 5 -CTTGTTCGGGTCACGAATCT-3 ERF11-PF 5 -TCTTTTGAGACACGCAATCG-3 ERF11-PR 5 -ACGCACACGCATGTATTTTGT-3 ERF11-CF () 5 -GCATGGCCTTGATCAAATAGA-3 ERF11-CR () 5 -CAACCAATAAAGCCGACAGG-3 ERF11-CF (3) 5 -AGATTCGTGACCCGAACAAG-3 16

17 ERF11-CR (3) ERF9-PF ERF9-PR ERF9-QF () ERF9-QR () ERF9-CF (3) ERF9-CR (3) CYP77A1-PF CYP77A1-PR CYP77A1-QF () CYP77A1-QR () CYP77A1-CF (3) CYP77A1-CR (3) CYP77A-PF CYP77A-PR CYP77A-QF () CYP77A-QR () CYP77A-CF (3) CYP77A-CR (3) DOG1-QF DOG1-QR FUS3-QF FUS3-QR ACO5-QF ACO5-QR ERF114-QF ERF114-QR ERF6-QF ERF6-QR ERF8-QF ERF8-QR EXPB1-QF EXPB1-QR EXPA6-QF EXPA6-QR EXPA-QF EXPA-QR EXPA8-QF EXPA8-QR NCED4-QF NCED4-QR DREBB-QF DREBB-QR 5 -TAAGCTTGGCCTTGTGACCT-3 5 -GCGTGAGATCAAGCAATCAA-3 5 -CGAGGGTTTGACTGAAAAGC-3 5 -AGAGAGTTTCGTGGCTCCAA-3 5 -GCATAACCACCGACGACTTT-3 5 -TTCGGTTTGATCCGGTTAAT-3 5 -CCGGTGGAGCTAGGTTAAGA-3 5 -CACGCTCTTTATGCATGCTC-3 5 -GAAGGGGTTTTATAGGCTAT-3 5 -TCCATCGCTCAAGACTCTCTCC-3 5 -ACCTCGTCTTTTCCGAAGATCG-3 5 -CAGAACGGTTCCTCACACAA-3 5 -TGTCTCTAGCGGCGAAGATT-3 5 -CCGTCGGCAAATTTTTGTAT-3 5 -TCATTCCTGGCCTTTCTTTC-3 5 -CAATTCCTTCTTCGCCACTCG-3 5 -GCCTCTGGTCCAATCATACGC-3 5 -AAAGGATCAAAAACGCAACG-3 5 -GATTGGGGTGGTCGTGTAAG-3 5 -TAGGCTCGTTTATGCTTTGTGTGG-3 5 -CGCACTTAAGTCGCTAAGTGATGC-3 5 -TGAATGCAAGGAAGGGATTC-3 5 -CACCTAGCTGCAGACCATGA-3 5 -CGCTAGAGCTTGCGAAGAGT-3 5 -TCTTCCCAGTCCACGTTTTC-3 5 -CAAGTTGCGCCTACTCATCA-3 5 -TTTTGGGTCTCGGATTTCAG-3 5 -GAAGCGGCTAGAGCTTACGA-3 5 -GTACAGGCCACGACCATCTT-3 5 -TGGCCAAAGCAAAGAGATTT-3 5 -AGAGAGGTTCGTCGCTGAGA-3 5 -CATGTGAACGCAGGATCAAC-3 5 -TGTGAGCTTCACGGAGAATG-3 5 -GGCTCTGATGCTTCTGGAAC-3 5 -CTGAGCAAAGTTCGGAGGAC-3 5 -ATGCACCCTCAACTTCTGCT-3 5 -CCCACATTTCTGCCCACTAT-3 5 -TTCCTCCAAGGAACTCATGG-3 5 -CTGTGACGGTGATGGTTGAC-3 5 -TCTCGCAACAGCTCTCTTCA-3 5 -AGAGTGCCGTGGATGATTTC-3 5 -ACGCTAGAAAGAACGCGAAA-3 5 -GCTCGAGCCCTAGATTTCCT-3 17

18 SNL1-QF SNL1-QR SNL-QF SNL-QR ACTIN8-QF ACTIN8-QR 18S-QF 18S-QR ATG839-QF ATG839-QR 5 -CGTCCTCTTGGTTCTTCTCG-3 5 -TACGACAACGCATCATTGGT-3 5 -CATAGGCAAATTCCGTCCTC-3 5 -CTCGAGTAAGAGCGGAATCG-3 5 -CTCAGGTATTGCAGACCGTATGAG-3 5 -CTGGACCTGCTTCATCATACTCTG-3 5 -GGTGGTGGTGCATGGCCGTTCTT-3 5 -GACGGGCGGTGTGTACAAAGGGC-3 5 -AACTCTATGCAGCATTTGATCCACT-3 5 -TGATTGCATATCTTTATCGCCATC-3 Supplemental Table 1. Primers for Mutant Genotyping, Plasmid Construction, QRT-PCR/Q-PCR and ChIP Assay. QF and QR: Primer for quantitative PCR PF and PR: primer for Chip q-pcr, amplifying fragment in promoter (region 1) CF and CR: primer for Chip q-pcr, amplifying fragment in enconding region () : primer for Chip, amplified fragment in enconding region (3) : primer for Chip, amplified fragment in enconding region 3 18

19 Supplemental Refferences: Long, J.A., Ohno, C., Smith, Z.R., and Meyerowitz, E.M. (6). Topless regulates apical embryonic fate in Arabidopsis. Science 31: Liu, Y., Geyer, R., van Zanten, M., Carles, A., Li, Y., Hörold, A., van Nocker, S., and Soppe, W.J.J. (11). Identification of the Arabidopsis REDUCED DORMANCY gene uncovers a role for the polymerase associated factor 1 complex in seed dormancy. PLoS ONE 6: e41. 19

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