RICE TECHNOLOGY Bulletin

Transcription

1 RICE TECHNOLOGY Bulletin Department of Agriculture Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) ISSN No. 16 The Philippine Rice Seed Industry and the National Rice Seed Production Network

2 CREDITS Dr. Santiago R. Obien Director Editorial Adviser Rodolfo A. Fernandez Consultant Editor Dr. Frisco Malabanan Head, Seed Production and Health Division Author and Subject Matter Specialist Roger F. Barroga Head, Communication Division Managing Editor Carlo G. Dacumos Desktop Publishing Artist Design and Layout Published by the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Readers are encouraged to reproduce the contents of this bulletin with acknowledgment

3 Foreword We have assembled in this bulletin all relevant information on the rice seed industry to help seed growers, seed inspectors, technicians, researchers, and policy makers understand the government s seed prodution and distribution program for rice. This bulletin allows you to take a look into the national seed industry council, its functions and composition, and the various technical working groups that approve the technical requirements for the release of a new variety. You will appreciate the processes involved in the release of a new variety, from the time it is recommended until it is given a name and released. This bulletin also clarifies any confusion in the naming of varieties, and explains why breeding institutions cannot, by themselves, release varieties except the national government which funds the multi-location testing and final development of the varieties. Prospective seed growers will also find the bulletin useful as we have included a step by step guide in seed production and processing. For seed growers and farmers alike, the bulletin includes the list of seed centers nationwide. This national rice seed production network is coordinated by PhilRice, in cooperation with state colleges and universities, department of agriculture regional field units, selected seed growers, NGOs, and cooperatives. Finally, all government promulgations, executive orders and legal documents pertaining to the production, processing and sale of seeds are included for your reference. We hope this publication will spur greater dynamism in the rice seed industry. SANTIAGO R. OBIEN Director

4 TABLE O CONTENTS The National Seed Industry Council (NSIC), 1 Implementing Guidelines on Seed Multiplication, Production, and Distribution of Recommended Superior Food Crop Cultivars, 3 Attachment A: Seed Production Networks, Crops and Seed Class to be Produced, 6 Attachment B: Official Packaging of Crop Seeds, 7 Attachment C: Revised Buying and Selling Prices of Rice Seeds, 8 Classes of seeds, 10 Seed source, 10 Flow of rice seeds, 11 Seed Certification Standard for Rice, 12 Seed Standards (Laboratory), 14 Location of the Seed Quality Control Services of the Bureau of Plant Industry, 15 Routing a Sample through the Seed Testing Laboratory, 16 Seed Certification Fees, 16 Total Amount of Seeds Submitted to SQCS for Certification, by variety/by region, 1995, 17 Revised Criteria for the Accreditation of Seed Producers, 18 Application for Certiication, 20 Preliminary Field Inspection Report Form, 21 Agreement on Seed Production, 22 The National Rice Seed Production Network, 24 Map of the National Rice Seed Production Network, 26 Members of the National Rice Seed Production Network, 27 Total seed requirement in the irrigated-lowland areas from January to June, by region/province, 30 Total seed requirement in the irrigated-lowland areas from July to December, by region/province, 32 Production of Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and Certified Seeds, 35 Production of Breeder, Foundation, Maintenance and Special Purpose Rice Seeds, 40

5 The National Rice Seed Industry Council The National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) replaced the Philippine Seed Board pursuant to Republic Act No otherwise known as the Seed Industry Development Act of Composition of the Council Secretary, Department of Agriculture (DA) - Chairman Director, Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) - Vice Chairman and Executive Director Dean, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna (UPLB) - Member Director, Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) - Member Crops Research Director, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) - Member Director, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) - Member Two (2) representatives from accredited farmers organizations - Members One (1) representative from the Philippine Seed Industry - Member Powers, Responsibilities, and Functions of the Council To formulate policies that will stimulate plant breeding activities for the development of the country s genetic resources in accordance with the provisions of the Seed Act; To encourage persons, associations, cooperatives, and corporations engaged in genetic resources conservation and preservation, varietal development, production and processing, quality control, storage, marketing, and distribution of seeds to adopt systems and practices that will improve the quality of seeds of distribution to farmers/growers; To promote the establishment of infrastructures and other support serv ices in priority areas geared toward the development of the seed industry; To formulate a comprehensive medium- and long-term national seed industry development program in order to achieve self-sufficiency in the supply of high quality, readily available, and affordable seeds and planting materials;

6 To award or facilitate the acquisition of grants and other forms of assistance to seed or plant breeders who develop or are developing outstanding varieties and cultivars, as well as to facilitate access of individuals or institutions involved in the various components of the seed program to various incentives and privileges as provided for in Chapter VIII of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRRs) of the Seed Act; To draw up, after conducting public hearings as provided for in Chapter IX, Article 42, Section 3 of the IRRs, the list of seed varieties that will be subjected to restrictions; To conduct public hearings/consultations with public and private sector participants in the seed industry in order to ensure that as many views as possible are considered in its formulation of policies and implementation of programs for the development of the seed industry; To provide assistance in registering and documenting patents of discoveries of new seed varieties developed by local seed producers; To provide legal assistance to protect the intellectual property rights of seed producers; and To conduct other such actions necessary to carry out and enforce the provisions of the Seed Act. Technical Working Groups (TWGs) to provide support to the Council - Rice Varietal Improvement Group - Corn and Sorghum Varietal Improvement Group - Vegetable Varietal Improvement Group - Rootcrops Varietal Improvement Group - Fiber Crops Varietal Improvement Group - Field Legumes Varietal Improvement Group - Fruit and Plantation Crops Varietal Improvement Group - Ornamental Varietal Improvement Group - Seed Certification and Seed Standard Group - Seed Production and Distribution Group - Seed Extension, Promotion, and Marketing Group 2

7 Administrative Order No. 10 Series of 1994 SUBJECT: Implementing Guidelines on Seed Multiplication Production and Distribution of Recommended Superior Food Crop Cultivars Pursuant to the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Seed Industry Development Act 7308 of 1992 and the need to provide and sustain adequate supply of high-quality seeds of superior crop cultivars to farmers, the following shall be the policies and guidelines of the Department of Agriculture on seed multiplication, production, and distribution: 1. Seed Multiplication and Production 1.1 Government and private breeding institutions shall be responsible for the production of breeder seeds and maintenance of buffer stock of officially approved and released cultivars for commercial planting; 1.2 The multiplication of breeder, foundation, and registered seeds shall be done at the different seed networks identified as per attachment A; 1.3 Regional Directors shall identify among accredited seed growers those qualified to produce registered seeds and list should be submitted to the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI); 1.4 Crop cultivars/varieties to be produced are those that are approved and officially released by the National Seed Industry Council; 1.5 Certified seed requirement of any government programs shall be produced only by accredited individual farmers, members of cooperatives/associations or private seed companies; 1.6 Regional Directors are responsible in planning/programming certified seed production targets, including 10% buffer stock, in cooperation with seed growers and the local government units. The program should be based on demand of end users as to the variety, varietal reaction to pests and diseases, and to the agro-climatic adaptability; 3

8 1.7 In case of cultivars/hybrids developed by private sector, they are responsible in production and multiplication of their seeds, however, DA Regional Directors and the BPI Director should be provided with data on seed availability for monitoring purposes; 1.8 Breeding institution representative shall be allowed to monitor and visit standing seed crop fields of their variety at any stage; and 1.9 Seed producers must file application for inspection and certification for all seed crops with the nearest Seed Quality Control Services Office (SQCS). 2. Seed Processing and Seed Storage 2.1 All facilities for seed processing and seed storage must be cleaned and disinfected prior to operations; 2.2 Processed seeds must be bagged in new container at officially prescribed weight as per attachment B properly labeled and piled; 2.3 Seed inspectors shall be informed by Seed Growers of the schedule of planting, harvesting, processing, and storage for seed sampling and seed certification; 2.4 The seeds for certification kept in proper storage shall only be tagged and sealed by the Seed Inspectors; and 2.5 Seed producers shall maintain inventory records of seed stock for monitoring purposes. 3. Seed Distribution 3.1 BPI shall coordinate with seed production networks the distribution of breeder, foundation, and registered seeds; 3.2 Only certified and tagged seeds shall be distributed; 3.3 Only accredited seed growers shall be allowed to buy registered seeds; and 3.4 Breeding institutions shall strictly limit distribution of breeder and foundation seeds to seed networks and accredited seed growers; 4

9 3.5 Regional and Provincial Seed Coordinators shall submit to Regional Directors and BPI list of recipients of foundation and registered seeds indicating names, location of farm, quantity, variety, and class of seeds distributed. 4. Monitoring 4.1 Regional Seed Coordinators shall maintain appropriate monitoring system as to production areas, expected date of harvest, actual production, and stock inventory using prescribed formats; 4.2 Regional and Provincial Seed Coordinators shall maintain information board showing summary of seed production, distribution, and stock inventory for all crops of seed network; 4.3 Regional and Provincial Seed Coordinators, in coordination with research institutions, shall monitor varietal performance of distributed crop varieties/cultivars for future planning; 4.4 Regional Seed Coordinators, and ROS/Center Managers shall submit quarterly reports of seed production and distribution; and 4.5 The Bureau of Plant Industry, in coordination with all those in the seed network, shall monitor the implementation of these guidelines. This order takes effect immediately and supersedes all other orders inconsistent herewith. ROBERTO S. SEBASTIAN Secretary 29 August

10 Attachment A Seed production and networks crops* and seed class to be produced CROP BREEDER FOUNDATION REGISTERED A. Rice Philippine Rice PhilRice, Maligaya PhilRice, Maligaya Research Institute, PhilRice, Midsayap PhilRice, Midsayap Maligaya PhilRice, Agusan PhilRice, San Mateo University of the Phil. PhilRice, San Mateo ROS-Abulog Los Baños BIARC, Pili, Camarines Sur ILIARC, Dingras College of Agriculture WVIARC, Iloilo STIARC, ROS-Victoria Institute of Plant Breeding Mindoro International Rice International Rice BIARC, Pili, Camarines Sur Research Institute Research Institute SCUs/Agricultural College WVIARC, Iloilo CVIARC, Ilagan ROS-Gandara ROS-Gandara ROS-Babatngon WMIARC, Ipil, WMIARC, Ipil, Zambo. Zamboanga del Sur BPI-Davao BPI-La Graja * - include corn (open pollinated or hybrids), field legumes (peanut, mungbean, soybean) ROS-Kisolon, Bukidnon CENVIARC, Ubay, Bohol ROS-Tupi, South Cot. Private Seed Producers SCUs/Agricultural College BIARC WVIARC SCUs CVIARC ROS WMIARC BPI ILIARC STIARC BIARC WVIARC CENVIARC - Bicol Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Western Visayas Integrated Agricultural Research Center - State Colleges and Universities - Cagayan Valley Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Research Outreach Stations - Western Mindanao Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Bureau of Plant Industry - Ilocos Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Southern Tagalog Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Bicol Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Western Visayas Integrated Agricultural Research Center - Central Visayas Integrated Agricultural Research Center 6

11 Attachment B Official packaging of crop seeds Rice Corn: Open Pollinated Hybrid Mungo - 20 kilos/bag Soybean - 20 kilos/bag Peanut - 25 kilos/bag Cotton - 15 kilos/bag Vegetable legumes Cucurbits Crucifers Solanaceous - 40 kilos/bag or 20 kilos/bag - 20 kilos/bag - 18 kilos/bag - 20 kilos/bag - 20 kilos/bag - 25 kilos/bag - 10 kilos/bag 7

12 Attachment C Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Office of the Secretary Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City Administrative Order ) No. 2 ) Series of 1995 ) SUBJECT: Revising the Buying and Selling Prices of Rice Seeds For the guidance of all concerned, the buying and selling prices for the different classes of rice seeds by the Department of Agriculture as contained in Administrative Order No. 1 series of 1991 and #40, series of 1994 are hereby revised as follows: Rice Buying/kilo (P) Selling/kilo (P) Foundation Registered Certified * The amended buying and selling of rice seeds shall be in accordance with the following policies: 1. Procurement and distribution of seeds shall be in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission on Audit (COA). 2. Only accredited seedgrower or farmer organization or association or cooperative should be given first priority to supply seeds to be procured. 3. The standard packing for all classes of seeds shall be in 40 kilos and/ or 20 kilos net weight per bag. 4. Procure only certified seeds tagged and sealed by the National Seed Quality Control Services. 5. Supporting documents required in the procurement of seeds are: 5.1 Approved Requisition and Issue Voucher (RIV) 5.2 Results of Seed Testing Laboratory (STL) on Seed Quality Control 5.3 Approved Letter Order or Purchased Order (PO) 5.4 General Voucher 5.5 Original Sales Invoice 5.6 Original Delivery Receipts 5.7 COA Inspection Report 5.8 Certification for Emergency Purchase * Memorandum Order No. 4, Series of

13 6. Seeds shall be sold on cash and carry basis only. 7. Germination and moisture test shall be conducted after four (4) months of storage and those that fall below the minimum quality standard shall be sold at government price or thru negotiations or bidding whichever is higher. This Order supersedes all other Administrative Order inconsistent herewith and takes effect immediately. 06 January 1995 ROBERTO S. SEBASTIAN Secretary MEMORANDUM ORDER No. 4 Series of 1996 Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Office of the Secretary Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City SUBJECT: Addendum to Memorandum Order No. 1 Series of 1996 Providing a Guide to the Selling Price of Palay Certified Seeds Addendum to Memorandum Order No. 1, Series of 1996 is hereby made to include the selling price of palay certified seeds at 60% over and above the farm gate prices currently prevailing in the locality. Farm gate prices should be determined by the Regional Directors in consultation with their counterpart NFA Managers. This order supercedes all issuance inconsistent herewith. SALVADOR H. ESCUDERO III Secretary 9

14 Classes of seeds a) Breeder seed - a seed directly controlled by the originating or in certain cases, the sponsoring plant breeder or institution and which is the source for the initial and recurring increase of foundation seeds. b) Foundation seed - seed that is a progeny of breeder seeds so handled as to maintain satisfactory genetic identity and purity. c) Registered seed - the progeny of foundation or registered seeds that are so handled as to maintain satisfactory genetic identity and purity. d) Certified seed - the progeny of foundation or registered, or certified seeds that are so handled as to maintain satisfactory genetic identity and purity. e) Good seed - seed that may be produced from varieties not yet approved by the National Seed Industry Council and Meeting the standards prescribed by the certifying agency. Any class of certified seed, in case it does not conform with the Council s corresponding standards, may qualify as good seed. Seed source SEED CLASS Breeder Foundation Registered Certified SOURCE PhilRice, IRRI, UPLB PhilRice, IRRI, UPLB Selected Members of the National Rice Seed Production Network PhilRice, Members of the National Rice Seed Production Network, and Selected Seed Growers Accredited Seed Growers 10

15 Flow of rice seeds Panicle selection Breeder seed Foundation seed Registered seed Certified seed - provided by the Plant Breeding Division to the Seed Production and Health Division - produced at PhilRice-Maligaya, IRRI, and UPLB - distributed to PhilRice Branch Stations and Selected Rice R&D Networks - produced at PhilRice Central and Branch Stations and Selected Rice R&D Networks - distributed to the members of the National Rice Seed Production Network and Selected Foundation Seed Growers by Province - produced at PhilRice Branch Stations and by the members of the National Rice Seed Production Network and Selected Seed Growers by Province - distributed to all accredited seed growers - produced and distributed by all accredited seed growers to farmers for commercial palay production 11

16 Seed Certification Standard for Rice Crispina R. Casayuran 1 Application and Amplification of General Certification Standards The general requirements of seed certification, as adopted by the seed certifying agency, are basic and together with the following specific standards, constitute the standards for certification of rice. Land Requirements It is highly desirable that crop of rice intended for certification should be grown in land not previously planted to rice, unless the previous crop was of the same variety. Field inspection 1. Field inspection shall be made each season on all crops intended for certification. a) A preliminary field certification shall be conducted 20 to 25 days after planting to determine volunteer plants and/or presence of weeds and to give proper roguing, weeding, application of fertilizers, and control of pests and diseases. b) Final field inspection shall be made after the crop is fully headed when varietal mixtures and other factors can be easily determined. 2. The Inspector shall cross the field sufficiently to evaluate accurately the factors affecting the eligibility of the crop for certification. The procedures are the following: a) Sample counts should not be confined to one portion of the field but should be spread out at random to cover as many parts of the field as possible. b) Each sample should be in a strip of (1x25) 25 square meters along the direction of planting. At least eight strips representing two 100 sq m areas in a given field should be examined. 1 Chief, Seed Quality Control Services, BPI, Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 12

17 c) To ensure good result, the inspector must walk down toward the direction of planting for a number of spaces, then proceed examining the 25 sq m strip immediately in front of him. d) It is necessary that the inspector should have a walking stick 1 meter long so that he can maintain the 1 meter width of each strip of 25 meters long. He should be trained to pace out the 25 meters accurately. e) The inspector should record the number of off-types or other varieties and weeds found in every strip of 25 sq m field inspected and determine from this if the minimum field certification standard permitted per 100 sq m is met. Field Standards 1. Unit of Certification - the field shall be considered the unit of certification. The minimum area of field eligible for certification should be 1 hectare. 2. Specific Field Requirements - Fields that do not meet the following requirements shall not be accepted for certification. Factor Maximum number of plants permitted in each class per 100 sq m Breeder Foundation Registered Certified Other varieties Red rice Objectionable Weeds* * Objectionable weeds as designated by the Certifying Agency such as Echinocloa spp., Cyperus iria (Payung-payungan), Monocharia vaginalis (Gabing uwak) 13

18 Seed Standards (Laboratory) Factor Per 500 grams sample Breeder Foundation Registered Certified Purse Seed (minimum) % Weed & other crop seed (maximum) % Inert matter (maximum) % Red rice, grains per 500 grams (maximum) Other varieties grains per 500 grams (maximum) Germination (minimum) % * Moisture Content (maximum) % * Based on pure seed only 14

19 Locations of the Seed Quality Control Services (SQCS) of the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) in the Philippines: Region I I II II III IV IV IV NCR V VI VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Location Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan Dingras Experiment Station, Cali, Dingras, Ilocos Norte San Mateo, Isabela Cagayan Integrated Development Project Iguig, Cagayan PhilRice Complex, Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Economic Garden, Los Baños, Laguna San Jose, Occidental Mindoro Bansud, Oriental Mindoro Visayas Avenue, Quezon City San Agustin, Pili, Camarines Sur Hamungaya, Jaro, Iloilo La Granja, La Carlota City Negros Occidental Mandaue City Romualdez Experiment Station Babatngon, Leyte Ipil, Zamboanga del Sur Cagayan de Oro City Davao Experiment Station Bago Oshiro, Davao City Bual Norte, Midsayap, Cotabato 15

20 Routing a sample through the seed testing laboratory Seed Certification Fees 1. Field Inspection Fee Area to 4.0 ha = P150/ha more than 4.0 ha = P75/ha 2. Laboratory Fee = P100/sample 3. Tag = P120/tag 16

21 Total amount of seeds submitted to SQCS for certification, by variety/by Region,

22 Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Office of the Secretary Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City February 15, 1994 Administrative Order ) No. 2 ) Series of 1994 ) SUBJECT: Revised Criteria for the Accreditation of Seed Producers Pursuant to the enactment of the Seed Act, and the need to provide and sustain adequate supply of seeds of the desired quality, the following criteria for accreditation of seed producers are hereby promulgated: 1. That he must be an individual farmer or a member of cooperatives/ seed association/ farmer organizations. 2. That he must have undergone training on seed technology and gained skills and experiences on the basic principles of seed production of the crop he/she is involved in. 3. For seed associations, cooperatives and farmers organizations, the names of their members with their corresponding area planted for seed production must be submitted to a seed certifying agency, before any accreditation is issued. In cases where new members are accepted by the associations, cooperatives, and farmer organizations after accreditation, the Seed Certifying Agency must be notified in writing the new membership, including, among other things, the area planted and the locations of their farms. 4. That the seed must be produced in suitable areas duly certified by the Seed Inspector. The suitability of an area is determined by the following: a. sustained irrigation throughout the year; b. access to seed postharvest operations and storage facilities; c. the agro-climatic conditions for the crop seed must be appropriate. 18

23 5. That the minimum effective area for the particular crop (rice, corn, field legumes) must be one (1) hectare. 6. The application for seed certification for any crop must indicate seed class to be planted, variety, area to be planted and location of the farm. This shall be field with the Seed Certification Agency two months before planting time. 7. That he/she is willing to have the field inspected by the Seed Inspector or authorized representative of the DA/BPI Seed Certifying Agency anytime before planting, throughout the growing period, harvesting including threshing, processing and storage of the seeds. He should also be willing to have his/her seed lot sampled and to allow the seed inspector to draw the required amount of seed samples for laboratory analysis/seed testing of seed quality and certification. 8. Accreditation for rice, corn, vegetables and other crops shall be recommended by the Regional Director concerned after the designated Seed Inspector has validated the requirements stated herein. 9. The Certificate of Accreditation duly approved by the Director o the Bureau of Plant Industry shall be furnished to the applicant and photocopies to the Regional Director and Seed Quality Control Services. 10. Certification of accreditation shall be valid for a period of 3 years. All accredited seed growers must have technical updates in vegetable seed production of the crops he/she is engaged in from time to time at any station of the Department of Agriculture. The implementation of this Order shall be fully coordinated by the DA Regional Offices through the Regional Seed Coordinators, Chiefs of the Seed Quality Control Services and the Seed Inspectors. Noncompliance with the above requirements shall be a ground for the denial of accreditations or cancellation of existing license. This Order takes effect immediately and supersedes Administrative Order No. 2, Series of (SGD) ROBERTO S. SEBASTIAN Secretary 19

24 Revised BPI Form No. 2 D-PD May 4, 1989 Crop Year: No. APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATION Applicant s Name: Address: Crop: Variety: Area Planted: Source of Crop Planted: Class of Seed Planted: All tags must be submitted to the Seed Inspector to be attached to this application for submission to the SQCS. Previous Crop/Variety planted: Field location with Sketch: Sitio: Barangay: Municipality: Province: I understand that: 1. My field will not be accepted for certification if it is not rogued to meet the standard for field certification. 2. It is my responsibility to notify the Seed Inspector for field inspection at least 20 days before harvest. 3. I must not move my products from the farm without notifying the Seed Inspector. 4. The cleaning and drying must be supervised by the Seed Inspectors. 5. The government is not obliged to purchase my certified seeds. (date) Copy furnished: 1. Seed grower 2. Seed Inspector 3. NSQCS 4 NSQCS Region 3 Applicant Signature Seed Inspector 20

25 Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture Region III SEED QUALITY CONTROL SERVICES Maligaya, Muñoz, Nueva Ecija PRELIMINARY FIELD INSPECTION REPORT Date Inspected: (First) (Second) (Third) Name of Cooperator: Location of Farm: Area Planted: (ha) Date Planted: Crop Culture Variety Seed Class Planted: Condition of Crop: Remarks and recommendation: (Signature of Seed Inspector) (Signature of Seed Grower) (Province) (Address) (To be submitted in duplicate immediately after every inspection. Use other side if necessary.) 21

26 BPI Form No. 2-0 OFD Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY Manila AGREEMENT ON SEED PRODUCTION Crop Year I, of, owner of hectares of field located in the Barangay of, Municipality of Province of do hereby apply for the purchase of cavans of to plant hectares for seed production purposes. As a condition in the approval of this purchase owing to high quality of these seeds. I do hereby agree: 1. That I will use the seeds for the production of registered/certified seeds; 2. That my field is subject to inspection by the Seed Inspector of the Department of Agriculture anytime before planting, during crop growing period, harvesting, threshing, processing and storage; 3. That I will follow any technical instruction given by the Seed Inspector/ Production Technician in the production of registered/certified seeds, particularly in rouging the off-types and mixtures of other varieties, weeding, application of fertilizers, control of pests and diseases, etc; 4. That I will notify the Seed Inspector concerned as follows: a. At least twenty (20) days before harvesting for the last field inspection for issuance of the final field certification thereof; b. At threshing, cleaning and bagging time; c. Where my seeds produced are to be stored, following threshing, whenever possible the Japanese method of piling should be followed pending the result of the laboratory analysis and seed certification. 22

27 5. That I will allow the Seed Inspector to draw sufficient representative samples from my stock for laboratory analysis; 6. That the Government, particularly the BPI, will not be duty bound to procure the certified seeds that I produce; 7. That the Government will be given priority to buy my seeds as the need for registered/certified seeds for planting purposes may so arise; 8. That I can sell my certified seeds on a farmer-to-farmer basis, but the names of the farmers who shall buy the seeds from me will be furnished to the Seed Inspector/Production Technician for follow-up and record purposes. Place: Date: Signature: Seed Grower Signature: Seed Inspector APPROVED: Provincial Seed Coordinator Copy Furnished: 1. Seed Grower 2. Seed Inspector 3. National Seed Quality Control Services 4. Regional Seed Quality Control Services 23

28 The National Rice Seed Production Network F.M. Malabanan, R.P. Limuaco, M.U. dela Cruz, E.V. Santiago, and R.E. Irang1 Introduction PhilRice, through the Seed Production and Health Division implemented this program in support of the Grains Production Enhancement Program (GPEP) or the Gintong Ani Program of the Department of Agriculture. This project started in the 1994 wet season cropping. The institute provided the initial cost of seed production and the foundation seeds of the varieties identified by the network members. Objectives This network was established to: 1) facilitate dissemination of new improved rice varieties; 2) ensure timely availability of registered and certified seeds in all strategic rice areas in the country; and 3) attain self-sufficiency in rice production by providing high-quality seeds to farmers. The members of the network include State Colleges and University (SCUs), Department of Agriculture Research Outreach Stations (ROS), Farmers Cooperatives or Associations, and Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs). Accomplishments Sixty-two seed production networks participated in the 1995 dry and wet season croppings (25 in Luzon, 21 in the Visayas, and 16 in Mindanao) (Table 2). A total of 5,500 kilograms foundation seeds of 25 recommended rice varieties were distributed and planted in 275 ha in two seasons (Table 1). Total production of registered seeds during the dry season, as reported, was 219, 257 kg. 1 CSRS, SupSRS, SRS I, SRA, SRAS 24

29 The network members in strategic rice areas will provide the registered seed requirement of accredited seed growers and some amount of certified seeds for the farmers. Thus, we envisioned that through strengthening of the seed network, the seed requirements of the Gintong Ani Program will be satisfied, if the certified seed production at the seed growers level will be done properly and can be closely monitored by the Seed Quality Control Services of the Bureau of Plant Industry through the Seed Inspectors of the LGUs. Table 1. The National Rice Seed Production Network: members, area planted, and amount of seeds distributed, No. of Area Planted Amount of Seeds Members (ha) Distributed (kg) Luzon ,300 Visayas ,920 Mindanao ,280 * as of 1995 Total ,500 25

30 NATIONAL RICE SEED PRODUCTION NETWORK (as of 1996) 26

31 Table 2. Members of the National Rice Seed Production Network in Luzon, the amount of seeds distributed, and area planted, Luzon MMSU DA-ILIARC-ROS I ISSPC DMMMSU PSU OPAg ASIST DA-CVLMROS ISU QSC CLSU Private seed grower Private seed grower ATFI Private seed grower PAC TCA DA-CLIARC-ROS SLPSC SUSI-FI LSPC NSF OPAg OMNC DA-Agric l Center Bicol University-CA Provincial Seed Nursery CNSC DA-BIARC BIDTECH DEBESMSCAT SPCP RSC Batac, Ilocos Norte Dingras, Ilocos Norte Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur Bacnotan, La Union Sta. Maria, Pangasinan Bulanao, Tabuk, Kalinga Langangilang, Abra Abulug, Cagayan Echague, Isabelaaa Diffun, Quirino Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Talavera, Nueva Ecija Gapan, Nueva Ecija Cabiao, Nueva Ecija Baliuag, Bulacan Magalang, Pampanga Camiling, Tarlac Tarlac, Tarlac Lucban, Quezon San Agustin, Tiaong, Quezon Siniloan, Laguna IBP, UPLB, Los Baños, Laguna San Jose, Occidental Mindoro San Jose, Occidental Mindoro Naujan, Oriental Mindoro Guinobatan, Albay Ligao, Albay Daet, Camarines Sur Pili, Camarines Sur Pili, Camarines Sur Mandaon, Masbate Aborlan, Palawan Odiongan, Romblon 27

32 Visayas DA-EVIARC-ROS ViSCA DA-EVIARC ESSC DA-EVIARC UEP DA-EVIARC-ROS BNAC ASCA PSPC DA-WESVIARC CPU-CA Iloilo Integrated Seed Growers DA-BPI-LGNCRDC KASAMA-N RESGAP Silliman University DA-CENVIARC DA-CENVIARC-SWRDS A.T. Farm Private seed grower Private seed grower APC Bohol ASPA OPAg Babatngon, Leyte Baybay, Leyte Abuyog, Leyte Borongan, Eastern Samar San Jorge, Western Samar Catarman, Northern Samar Catubig, Northern Samar Biliran, Biliran Banga, Aklan Pontevedra, Capiz Jaro, Iloilo City Jaro, Iloilo City La Paz, Iloilo City La Carlota City N., Kabankalan, Negros Occidental Canlaon City, Negros Oriental Dumaguete City Gabi, Ubay, Bohol Ubay, Bohol Ubay, Bohol Sagbayan, Bohol Alicia, Bohol Dao, Tagbilaran City Argao, Cebu Siquijor, Siquijor 28

33 Mindanao SSPC DA-NOMIARC-ROS MOSCAT CMU BAFC USP OPAg KNAS SNAS DA-WESMIARC DA-WESMIARC-ROS Mindanao State University Provincial Nursery SKPSC DA-CEMIARC-ROS MSU USM DA-SMIARC-ROS TFI Tago, Surigao del Sur Talacogon, Agusan del Sur Claveria, Misamis Oriental Musuan, Bukidnon Dangcagan, Bukidnon Tagum, Davao del Norte Digos, Davao del Sur Katipunan, Zamboanga del Norte Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte Ipil, Zamboanga del Sur San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur Marawi City Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat Dinaig, Maguindanao Kabakan, North Cotabato Tupi, South Cotabato Koronadal, South Cotabato 29

34 Total seed requirement in the irrigated-lowland areas during the dry season cropping (January-June), by region/province. Region/ Irrigated Area Seed Requirement (cav) Province Harvested (ha) FS RS CS PHILIPPINES 988, ,723 1,977,800 CAR 12, ,960 Ifugao ,880 Kalinga/Apayao 11, ,080 I 52, , ,620 Ilocos Norte 7, ,280 Ilocos Sur 6, ,400 La Union 7, ,220 Pangasinan 30, ,720 II 157, , ,200 Cagayan 46, ,162 92,940 Isabela 89, , ,100 Nueva Vizcaya 15, ,000 Quirino 6, ,160 III 195, , ,320 Tarlac 26, ,280 Nueva Ecija 95, , ,900 Pampanga 35, ,040 Bulacan 28, ,800 Bataan 9, ,300 IV 85, , ,900 Laguna 14, ,040 Quezon 16, ,880 Aurora 8, ,140 Palawan 8, ,780 Mindoro Occ. 15, ,540 Mindoro Or. 22, ,320 30

35 Region/ Irrigated Area Seed Requirement (cav) Province Harvested (ha) FS RS CS V 79, , ,020 Camarines N. 4, ,840 Camarines S. 34, ,060 Albay 25, ,160 Sorsogon 13, ,180 Masbate 1, ,780 VI 103, , ,400 Aklan 13, ,940 Iloilo 38, ,740 Capiz 9, ,360 Antique 15, ,560 Negros Occ. 27, ,460 VII Negros Or. 17,040 8, ,080 16,660 Bohol 8, ,420 VIII Northern Samar 31,440 2, ,880 4,420 Leyte Biliran 24,690 4, ,380 9,080 IX 22, ,100 Zamboanga Sur 22, ,100 X 25, ,980 Bukidnon 25, ,980 XI 55, , ,400 S. Cotabato 13, ,100 Davao 27, ,640 Davao Sur 11, ,740 Davao Or. 3, ,920 XII North Cotabato 55,890 25, , ,780 51,220 Sultan Kudarat Lanao Norte 18,980 11, ,960 22,600 XIII 20, ,680 Agusan Norte 6, ,760 Agusan Sur 6, ,600 Surigao Norte 7, ,320 ARMM 16, ,280 Maguindanao 15, ,400 Lanao Sur 1, ,880 31

36 Total seed requirement in the irrigated-lowland areas during the wet season cropping (July-December), by region/province. Region/ Irrigated Area Seed Requirement (cav) Province Harvested (ha) FS RS CS PHILIPPINES 1,143, ,587 2,286,900 CAR 18, ,460 Ifugao 3, ,960 Kalinga/Apayao 14, ,500 I 118, , ,120 Ilocos Norte 27, ,020 Ilocos Sur 11, ,300 La Union 12, ,300 Pangasinan 67, , ,500 II 107, , ,720 Cagayan 43, ,088 87,000 Isabela 85, , ,720 Nueva Vizcaya 17, ,560 Quirino 5, ,440 III 198, , ,380 Tarlac 36, ,460 Nueva Ecija 106, , ,160 Pampanga 19, ,020 Bulacan 27, ,520 Bataan 9, ,200 IV 89, , ,640 Laguna 13, ,200 Quezon 18, ,220 Aurora 8, ,200 Palawan 9, ,320 Mindoro Occ. 18, ,880 Mindoro Or. 21, ,820 32

37 Region/ Irrigated Area Seed Requirement (cav) Province Harvested (ha) FS RS CS V 89, , ,840 Camarines N. 7, ,200 Camarines S. 39, ,560 Albay 28, ,640 Sorsogon 13, ,860 Masbate 1, ,560 VI 130, , ,040 Aklan 11, ,720 Iloilo 57, , ,740 Capiz 9, ,380 Antique 16, ,400 Negros Occ. 34, ,800 VII 14, ,220 Negros Or. 7, ,080 Bohol 6, ,140 VIII 31, ,660 Northern Samar 1, ,200 Leyte 23, ,200 Biliran 7, ,260 IX 19, ,700 Zamboanga Sur 19, ,700 X 40, ,014 81,100 Bukidnon 40, ,014 81,100 XI 59, , ,640 S. Cotabato 18, ,260 Davao 27, ,640 Davao Sur 11, ,740 Davao Or. 3, ,920 XII 75, , ,240 North Cotabato 26, ,820 Sultan Kudarat 35, ,020 Lanao Norte 13, ,400 33

38 Region/ Irrigated Area Seed Requirement (cav) Province Harvested (ha) FS RS CS XIII 19, ,400 Agusan Norte 5, ,420 Agusan Sur 6, ,580 Surigao Norte 7, ,400 ARMM 17, ,360 Maguindanao 15, ,660 Lanao Sur 2, ,700 34

39 Production of Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and Certified Seeds Frisco M. Malabanan 1 Introduction The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) is the leading agency in the production of breeder, foundation, and registered seeds of rice varieties released by the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) (formerly Philippine Seed Board). In addition, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) also produce breeder and limited amount of foundation seeds of the rice varieties that they developed. Breeder seed is the source for the initial and recurring increase of seed of a newly developed or introduced variety and the source for the initial increase of foundation seed. Foundation seed is the progeny of breeder or foundation seed so handled as to most nearly maintain specific genetic purity and identity. This seed class is the base for production of registered and certified seeds used by cultivators. Production of foundation, registered, and certified seeds must be approved by the certifying agency, the Seed Quality Control Services (SQCS). Only varieties approved/released by NSIC are eligible for certification. Foundation seeds are allocated/distributed to the members of the National Rice Seed Production Network (State Colleges and Universities, Department of Agriculture (DA) Experiment Stations, Cooperatives, Farmers Organizations or Foundations) and to selected seed growers identified by the Regional Field Units in coordination with the Provincial Agriculturist, Provincial Seed Coordinator, and Chie of the Seed Quality Control Services. This seed class should not be distributed or allocated to favored or influential cultivators for production of commercial crops. Registered seeds, on the other hand, are distributed to accredited seed growers for the production of certified seeds to be used by the farmers. Varieties for Distribution The rice varieties for distribution will be based on the list provided by the Regional Directors of the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) and PhilRice. Varieties not included in the list will not be distributed for seed multiplication. 1 Chief Science Research Specialist and Head, Seed Production and Health Division, PhilRice. 35

40 Usually, the characteristics of a rice variety preferred by the seed growers and farmers include: 1. Nonseasonal Early maturing 3. Resistant to lodging 4. Resistant to pests and diseases 5. High yielding 6. High milling recovery 7. Good eating quality Land Preparation Flash irrigate the field after harvesting to allow drop seeds to germinate and minimize the presence of off-types or mixtures. Prepare very weedy field 3 weeks before transplanting. But for relatively clean fields, 2-weeks preparation is enough. The conventional field preparation of one plowing and three harrowing is required to incorporate and decompose weeds, straws, and other plant parts. Thorough land preparation provides soft puddle and can level the paddies properly suitable for transplanting. Seed Preparation and Raising of Seedlings (Wetbed Method) 1. Seed soaking and incubation a. Soak seeds in clean water for 24 hours. b. Incubate for hours in half-filled sacks placed in shaded area. 2. Prepare 20 plots (1 x 20 meters/plot) or any convenient size one day before sowing pre-germinated seeds. An area of 200 sq m is needed to sow 20 kg foundation seeds to plant a hectare. 3. Raise the seedbeds 4 cm by collecting soil around the plots. 4. Construct the sub-dikes between varieties and provide space between beds 40 cm wide. 5. Apply shallow irrigation 5 days after sowing or when the seedlings are about 3 cm high. 36

41 Pulling, Transplanting, and Replanting 1. Pulling and transplanting are usually done days after seeding. Performance of very-early maturing varieties might be affected if transplanted late. 2. Straight row method of transplanting is recommended to attain optimum plant population, facilitates fertilizer and pesticides application, and enhances ease in weeding and roguing operations. 3. Distance of planting is 20 x 20 during the wet season and 20 x 15 cm in the dry season. Transplant one seedling per hill at a depth of 2 to 3 cm for wetbed seedlings. 4. Replanting is done after seedling establishment but not later than 10 days to avoid uneven maturity. Irrigation Apply irrigation water 2-3 cm depth 3 days after transplanting. Too much water after transplanting will reduce the tillering capability of the rice plants. Increase water depth during the late vegetative and reproductive stage and gradually withdraw water 2 weeks before harvest. This practice of water management is called the continuous flooding with standing water. Herbicide Application Butachlor can be applied at the rate of 1.0 kg ai/ha as a preemergence herbicide 4-7 days after transplanting to control grasses, sedges, and some broadleaves. 2, 4 D or MCPA at 0.8 kg ai/ha to be applied at days or until 30 days after transplanting for the control of late emerging broadleaves and sedges. Fertilizer Application 1. Recommended Rate Wet Season kg NPK/ha Dry Season kg NPK/ha 2. Time of Application Basal apply all phosphate (P), ½ potash (K) and ½ nitrogen (N) fertilizer during the final harrowing. Topdress apply 1/3 N and ½ P at panicle initiation (45-50 days after seeding or days before harvest) and 1/6 at flowering. 37

42 Pest/Disease Control 1. Insect pests Monitor insect pests and their natural enemies and spray the appropriate insecticide when necessary. 2. Disease Manage the tungro disease by rouging the infected plants and controlling the insect vector (green leafhopper). 3. Rats Clean the surrounding areas, dig rat holes and use flame thrower. Sustain baiting. 4. Golden snail This mollusk pest can be controlled through the combination of biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods. The most commonly used strategies, however, are hand picking and spraying low-lying areas with recommended molluscides. Roguing Roguing is the removal of off-types or mixtures. This operation should be done from vegetative to maturity stage to see to it that all possible mixtures are removed before harvesting. Varietal mixture should be removed on time because it will be very difficult when the rice plants lodged particularly during wet seasons. Off-types should be cut up to the root system. This is one of the most important operations in the production of seeds to maintain varietal purity. Identifying characteristics of off-types: 1. Plant height plants taller and shorter than most of the variety planted are off-types. 2. Color of leaves, sheaths, and straws plants that exhibit colors other than the dominant ones are off-types. 3. Panicle exertion plants with earlier or later panicle emergence are off-types. 4. Angle of flag leaf if erect flag leaf is more dominant than horizontal and drooping leaves are off-types. 5. Presence of absence of awn if the majority of the plants are with awns, then those without awns are off-types. However, individual seeds in the panicle should be carefully examined because in some cases grains in a panicle could be with or without awns. 38

43 6. Size, shape, and color of grains if most of the panicles have long grains, then those with medium grains are off-types. If slender grains are dominant, then bold grains are off-types. Some varieties differ in the color of grains (straw, brown, golden, etc.) Harvesting and Threshing 1. Harvest the crop when 80% of the grains are golden yellow. The growth duration of the variety may be used as basis for harvesting. 2. Clean the thresher very well before threshing. Threshing should be done immediately after harvesting to maintain the quality of the seeds. Drying Drying of seeds immediately after threshing is a must in seed production. One- or 2-day seed storage without drying will spoil/damage your seeds. This will result in discolored seeds and will possibly affect the viability and vigor of the seeds. Drying can be done by using artificial dryer, particularly during the wet season, and also by sun drying during the dry season. However, drying of seeds in the afternoon (12 noon to 3:00 pm) should be avoided to maintain seed vigor. Seed Cleaning Dried seeds (<14% MC) should be cleaned by using blowers or grain cleaners to remove empty, light, and diseased seeds, weed seeds, soil particles, and other plant parts. Place the clean seeds in new sacks. Storage Seeds for immediate planting or distribution can be stored in ordinary room condition. However, seeds for planting the next season should be stored in air-conditioned room to maintain the viability and vigor. If air-conditioned room is not possible, place the clean seeds in sacks with polyethylene bag inside. This packaging material will help maintain seed viability and vigor for six months even when stored under ordinary room condition. 39

44 Production of Breeder, Foundation, Maintenance and Special Purpose Rice Seeds F.M. Malabanan, R.P. Limuaco, M.U. dela Cruz, E.V. Santiago, and R.E. Irang 1 Introduction The Seed Production and Health Division of PhilRice strives to strengthen and sustain the production, distribution, and maintenance of high-quality seeds of all recommended and most preferred rice varieties by farmers in the country. It aims to: 1) produce and maintain the breeder and foundation seeds of all rice varieties approved by the National Seed Industry Counci; 2) provide the breeder seed requirement of the branch stations and selected rice R&D network members; 3) provide the foundation seed requirement of the members of the National Rice Seed Production Network, accredited seed growers, government and nongovernment organizations across the country; 4) supply the seeds of all recommended rice varieties used in the Grains Production Enhancement Program (GPEP, now Gintong Ani) Rice R&D Projects; and 5) further improve the quality of the seeds through seed health testing. Breeder Seed Production PhilRice is one of the three breeding institutions mandated to produce breeder seeds of recommended and most preferred rice varieties by farmers. IRRI and UPLB rpdouce only the breeder seeds of the varieties that they developed. In the 1995 cropping seasons, 39 varieties were planted, 28 for irrigatedlowland 7 or rainfed-lowland, and 4 for upland condition. Irrigated-lowland varieties include glutinous, those or cool-elevated and saline-prone areas. Panicles were provided by the Plant Breeding Division. Total production was 22 tons. The quality of the seeds harvested during the 1995 wet season (WS) was greatly affected by the typhoons and heavy rains. During the 1995 dry season (DS) cropping, the top yielders in the irrigated-lowland varieties were BPI Ri 10 (7.6 t/ha), PSB Rc8 (7.6), IR64 (7.4), IR62 (7.2), and IR66 (7.1). In the 1995 WS, the top yielders were BPI Ri 10 (7.7 t/ha), Agno (PSB Rc 28) (7.2), PSB Rc 10 (7.2), IR72 (6.9), and Chico (Rc 20) (6.5). 1 CSRS, SupSRS, SRSI, SR Analyst, Science Research Analyst 40