Performance, Reliability and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems. Results & Deliverables of IEA PVPS Task 2. Ulrike Jahn Christoph Hünnekes

Transcription

1 Performance, Reliability and Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems Results & Deliverables of IEA PVPS Task 2 Ulrike Jahn Christoph Hünnekes Task 13 Workshop, PtJ Office, Berlin, September 2008 Contents 1. Task 2 Objectives and Participation 2. Performance Database 3. Performance Analysis 4. Performance Prediction 5. Task 2 Deliverables 1. Task 2 Objectives and Strategies To provide technical information on operational and economic performance, long-term reliability and technology trends of PV systems and components. To distribute the deliverables such as Performance Database and technical reports to target groups, to track the use of our products by means of website statistics.

2 1. Task 2 Participation during Participating Countries March Sept March Sept March Sept March Sept AUT X x x x x x x x CAN X x x x x - x x EPIA./../../../. x - - x EU X X x x x x x - FRA X x - x x x x x DEU X x x x x x x x ITA X x x x x - - x JPN X x x x x x x x SWE X x x x x x x x CHE X x x x x x x x UK./../../../. X X X X USA X x x x x x - - Poland * X X - X - X X - Participation rate * Observer 11 of of 11 9 of of of of of of 13 Hosting country PVPS Task 2 Meeting, Erlenbach September Task 2 Performance Database

3 Performance Database provides Information on over 520 PV plants in 21 countries worldwide Grid-connected, off-grid and hybrid PV systems of 1 kwp up to 3 MWp General plant information System configuration and component data Monitoring data (minimum of 12 months) Calculated data (normalized performance indicators) 2. Dissemination of Task 2 Database (Top 15 countries) Engineering and consulting company Private Education Industry R&D institution Architect Utility Governmental organisation Agency Unknown Trade association NGO Media Italy Germany Spain United States Japan Greece France United Kingdom Portugal Netherlands Switzerland Canada Australia Austria Belgium 12 Database access on website Diagram example:

4 3. PV System Performance Analysis 3.1 Hourly values of 21 systems analysed: Operational years: 7-23; monitoring years: 2-11; total: 106 years 3.2 Footprint method: PR mapping useful to indicate effects like temperature, shadings and failures. 3.3 High-resolution PR explaining failure issues. 3.4 Inverter is limiting the voltage at 80% of STC voltage due to bad sizing: add 1 module to string. 3.5 Majority of AC energy was produced at irradiations W/m 2 and module temperatures Analysis of Hourly Values of 21 Plants Name Years Bologna_M P 1 2 Torino P 2 2 Matsuyama 2 P 3 3 Leuven P 4 6 Chiyoda P 5 5 Gelsenkirchen Ko P 6 6 Hatinohe P 7 5 Kanan P 8 5 Nagoya P 9 5 Maebashi P 10 5 Matsuyama 1 P 11 3 Moriyama P 12 5 Tottori P 13 5 Nodagawa P 14 5 Kitakyusyu P 15 5 Nagaokakao P 16 4 Localnet P 17 9 Hiroshima P 18 3 Gfeller P 19 9 Birg P Huvudsta P Total: 3 Total: Footprint method PR Mapping 8 am Feb 1 to 28, 2001 At least 3 values G i > 100 W/m² Day Time 5 pm 4 pm 3 pm 2 pm 1 pm 12 am 11 am 10 am 9 am 8 am 7 am 6 am Plant PR

5 3.3 PR at Identical Climatic Conditions Plant to 2004 Start Monitoring Period End 800<G i <1000 W/m² Hourly readings 4 years 48 modules connected in serie 1. module short-circuite 2. module short-circuite 3.4 Sizing of Inverter PV Systems of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden and Switzerland Each colour represents 20% of the total AC energy Data related to: - Monitoring time - Installed power - Irradiance Irradiance and temperature performance measurements as proposed by energy rating draft IEC H, Oct ( ) H i [Wh/m²] STC NOCT T MOD [ C]

6 3.6 Failure Statistics 725 residential PV systems in Japan 86 failures out of 725 GC systems reported: 12% 3.7 Cost and Performance Trends in Grid- Connected PV Systems and Case Studies Module Efficiency System and Maintenance Cost Yield Cost of PV Power Performance Ratio 3.8 Trends of System Costs (N = 527) 1992: ø16 USD/W 2006: ø8 USD/W -50%!

7 4 Performance Prediction of Grid-Connected PV Systems Using Remore Sensing 3 PV systems under investigation Courtesy of Solarenergieförderverein Bayern e.v. 4.1 Performance Prediction Overview of the existing activities in the field PV systems performance prediction. Evaluation of remote sensing tools capability to evaluate the solar irradiation according to the requirements of possible target users. Use of the IEA PVPS Task 2 work performed to date for systems performance prediction. What can be achieved in terms of support for performance prediction? 4.2 Example: PV performance prediction for fault detection applications PVSAT-2 aims at assembling a fully automated service for performance check and error detection. Satellite data are used because local measurements by pyranometers are costly and equipment requires maintenance

8 4.3 HelioClim2 Remote Sensing Irradiation Data vs Monitored Installation Data kwh/m 2 25 RMSE (%) global tilted measured global tilted corrected 5 0 feb mar apr may jun jul year A RMSE of less than 10% is reachable at an annual basis. A calibration phase is required in case of albedo values distortion. Remote sensing offers an attractive and competitive approach to delive data sets of energy resources with high spatial and temporal resolution 4.4 Monthly Performance Predictions Using Monthly System Input and HelioClim-2 Data AC Power (kwh) Monthly Power Prediction using Helioclim 2 input and simple parametric model Measured Model 1 Model 1 + Hc Month Selected systems from the PV Performance Database were used as case studies to illustrate the confidence that can be given to a simple approach predicting the output of PV systems. Monthly deviations: within 11% (15% using HelioClim2 data input) Yearly RMSE: 6% (7% using HelioClim2 input) 5. PVPS Task 2 provided Network of 17 experts from 13 countries Database including programme (for free) Reports & publications National and international workshops Technical information on operational performance, long-term reliability and costs of PV systems

9 5. Focused Performance Analysis 5. Educational Tool by Swedish participants Case studies of PV systems in different IEA countries Contributions on system performance, monitoring, maintenance and lessons learned. Quality and Reliability of PV Systems and Components are key issues for PV technology and sustainable PV market developments control is required at all stages of PV need to be tackled and elaborated by an international collaboration.

10 Thank you for your attention!